Muna danganta ruwan 'ya'yan itace shudi tare da arewa, swamps da aka rufe da dusar ƙanƙara, daga ƙarƙashin abin da cranberries, lingonberries da shuɗi mai shuɗi mai shuɗi
Blueberry ɗan birni ne na arewacin, wanda yake ƙaunar acidasa mai acidic, a hankali yana shawo kan kudanci da tsakiyar Rasha da CIS tare da tsaka mai wuya. Abin da haka da sauri ya lashe wannan Berry na zuciyar lambu cewa ya zama albarku a cikin aikin lambu? Hukunce-hukuncen guda biyu wadanda ke nuna asalin kaddarorin halittarsu, kuma komai ya bayyana a fili - ana buƙatar irin wannan Berry a cikin kowane gidan ƙasa, a kowane lambu.
- Kwayayen fure suna da iska mai ƙarfi don ƙin rashin lafiyar, wanda yake yana da mahimmanci ga tushen ƙaddamar da dogara da yawan jama'a.
- Suna haɓaka rigakafi sosai ga yawancin cututtuka.
Tumburan Lulu (Vaccinium uliginosum). Rt Morten RossBlueberries suna da mahimmanci musamman ga tsofaffi azaman hanawa da wakili na warkewa game da tsufa. Berries yana rage tsufa na sel, tsawaita aikin kwakwalwa, kiyaye ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da daidaita motsi. Kwayabawan itace samfurin abinci. Suna taimakawa ƙarfafa ganuwar jijiyoyin jini, suna da sakamako mai warkewa a kan jijiyoyin abinci. Suna da ikon haɓaka tasirin magungunan da aka ɗauka don cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, suna ɗauke da abubuwa masu haɗari.
Abun La'akari na Zuciya
Kwayabayoyi ko Kwayabayoyi (Vaccinium uliginosum) - wani nau'in nau'in disiduous shrub, wanda a cikin sigar Rasha na shuka taxonomy ana kuma kiran shi blueberry fadama, marsh, stunted. Tsire-tsire suna cikin iyalin Heather. Suna da kalmomin ƙasa sama da 15, waɗanda suka haɗa da shuɗi, ruwan inabin, shuɗi, shuɗi, gonobob, mashayi, dope da sauran su, yawancinsu basu dace da kayan aikinta ba (alal misali, tasirin maye a jiki).
Rarraba rarrabuwar shuɗar shudi ta mamaye dukkan yankuna na arewacin Russia. Mafi sau da yawa, a cikin yanayi na rayuwa ana samunsa a wurare masu lalacewa a gefen bankunan koguna, suna ba da lamuran kilomita da yawa.
Aramar bayanin nazarin halittu na fure-fure
Don fara yan lambu waɗanda ke son samun wannan bishiyar ban mamaki, kuna buƙatar sanin fasalinsa da alamun waje, wanda yake da mahimmanci musamman lokacin siyan "a hannu" ko daga masu siyarwar da ba a sani ba.
Blueberry talakawa mallakar bishiyoyi ne da tsirrai, suna girma zuwa tsayi zuwa mita 0.5-1.0. M Branching, huda harbe tare da shekaru, creeping magana magana form ci gaba thickets. Pobobrazovanie ta daga tushen wuya. Growtharancin shekara, tsiro, da andan itace yana raguwa da shekaru.
Tushen tushen ruwan 'ya'yan itace na fure-fure ne mai fizrous, ya mamaye saman 15-20 cm na ƙasa. Tushen ba su da gashin gashi, sabili da haka, don haɓakar al'ada da haɓaka, tsire-tsire suna buƙatar symbiosis tare da takamaiman mycorrhiza, tare da taimakon abin da ake amfani da abubuwan gina jiki daga ƙasa.
Ganyen Blueberry wasu ƙananan (har zuwa 3 cm) oblong, obovate. Wurin yana gaba. A launi ne mai haske. Ta hanyar kaka, ganye sukan zama ja, su faɗi, kuma su bar furanni masu launin shuɗi a kan rassan da babu
Furen furanni launin shuɗi fari tare da ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda. Corolla ya haɗu da kamannin tarko, drooping. Suna Bloom daga ƙarshen Mayu zuwa farkon shekarun Yuni. An tattara furanni a cikin inflorescences na 5-12 guda kuma, lokacin da ya isa, sun yi kama da karamin bunchin inabi, wanda ake kira bishiyar shuɗi. Yawancin lokaci inflorescences suna kan ƙananan harbe.
'Ya'yan itacen' ya'yan itacen shudi sun kasance shuki ne mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, saboda ɗakin da kakin zuma, yakan sami ɗanɗano daɗin haske. Berries iya zama zagaye ko dan kadan elongated. Ripening yana da tsayi, yana ɗaukar Yuli-Satumba kuma an girbi girbi a matakai da yawa. Adana fure mai ruwan hoda a kan rassan shine kwanaki 10-12, bayan wannan zafin zubar da su ya fara. Motoci na iya zama a wuri guda, a hankali suna girma, har zuwa shekaru 100. Su ne masu jure sanyi kuma suna jure sanyi da sanyi na tsawon lokaci.
Tumburan Lulu (Vaccinium uliginosum)Agrotechnics girma blueberries
Yana da kyau a samar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace shudiya a cikin hakan kusan ba ya buƙatar kariya daga kwari da cututtuka. Buƙatarta (wani lokacin mawuyacin cika su) tana cikin wani fasalin. Kwayayen fure suna tsiro ne kawai akan ƙasa na acidic, inda pH = 3.5-5.0. Akwai wani fasalin mai ban sha'awa. Blueberries ba zasu iya jure ambaliyar da tushen tsarin ba, amma yana girma cikin natsuwa tare da tsayin tsayayyen ruwa ƙasa 30-50 cm daga tushen tushe. Kuma wata alama. Al'adar ba ta yarda da ƙasa wanda wasu albarkatu suka girma na dogon lokaci ba, musamman tare da takin gargajiya na dogon lokaci. Zai fi kyau amfani da rukunin gidajen da ba wasu amfanin gona suka yi amfani da su na dogon lokaci. Wannan fasalin yana da alaƙa da haɓakar mycorrhiza a kan tushen ruwan 'ya'yan itace na shudi.
Zabi wani wuri da lokacin shuka domin lambun shudi
Ya danganta da yanayin yanayi a yankin, ana iya dasa shuki shuki mai shekaru 3 - 3.5 a bazara ko kaka. A cikin yankuna na arewacin, ya fi kyau dasa shuki a cikin bazara don kare su daga daskarewa. Kashin da ke sama na al'adun zai iya daskare gaba daya -20 ... -25 * C.
A cikin yanayin yanayi, blueberries suna mamaye wuraren rana ba tare da iska ba. Hakanan wajibi ne don tabbatar da yanayin da ya dace akan shafin. Lokacin da aka girma a cikin yankin da rashin isasshen hasken wuta, an lalata berries da acidic.
Berryasa mai ruwan hoda
A karkashin yanayi na yanayi, shudi ya girma a kan peatbogs yashi da fadama, babba (ana saka musu karin karfi sosai) tare da ingantaccen abu mai dauke da kwayoyin halitta.
Don ƙirƙirar halayen da suka dace don ruwan 'ya'yan itace a cikin yankin nasu, musamman ma a cikin yankuna tare da ƙasa na acidity tsaka tsaki, ya zama dole don artificially acidify ƙasa a cikin yankin na tushen tsarin. Wannan abu ne mai sauƙin aiwatarwa a yankuna inda akwai yankuna masu dausayi kuma mafi wahalar inda babu yanayin da ya dace da samuwar su. Abinda yakamata ayi
A ƙarƙashin ruwan 'ya'yan itace, an shirya rami mai ƙasa mai girman girman 60x60x50-80 cm An shirya kyakkyawan magudanar ruwa a ƙasan. A cikin yankuna tare da peat bogs, ana shirya cakuda ƙasa 1: 1 tare da peat. Yana yiwuwa a ƙara sawun bishiyar coniferous, bawo, ba fiye da 60 g kowace rami, da yashi zuwa peat. An bada shawara don bincika acidity na cakuda ƙasa tare da litmus ko alamun tsage.
Idan kasar gona tana da nauyi, to sai a ƙara guga na bazu humus a matsayin yin burodi. Don waɗannan dalilai, zaku iya amfani da takin da ya girma. An cakuda cakuda sosai kuma an cika shi a cikin ramin. A ciki gefuna daga cikin ramin kwance. Don hana samuwar “kwan fitila” mai yawa tsakanin cakuda ƙasa da ganuwar rami mai dasawa, wanda hakan zai zama cikas ga samun ruwa da iska cikin wadataccen adadin zuwa tushen tsiro. Ruwan ƙasa a cikin rami na dasa ya huta / ya farfado na tsawon watanni 1-2 kuma bayan wannan ne kawai zai yuwu a shuka shuki blueberry. Ma'adinan ma'adinai basa bada gudummawa yayin dasawa.
Idan peatlands ba ya nan, an halitta su da wucin gadi. Isasa ta haɗu da kwayoyin halitta, sawun bishiyar coniferous ko allura. Zai fi kyau amfani da datti na allura da yashi a matsayin yin burodi. Dilute 60-70 g na oxalic ko limonic acid a cikin 10 l na ruwa. Ana iya maye gurbinsu da acetic 9%, 100 ml ko adadin adadin apple. Acidarfin acid ɗin na mafita ya kamata ba zai wuce 3.5-4.0% ba. Dole ramin ya cika cakuda ƙasa da guga cike da maganin acidic. Binciko acidity na sakamakon alamomin ƙasa ko yaɗa litmus. Idan ya cancanta, zaku iya ƙara maganin acidic. Ma'adinan ma'adinai ba su yin. Leftasa ta bar haɓaka.
Blueberries tsayi, lambunDasa bishiyoyin bishiyar bishiyoyi
Kwayauyiyin bakin itace yana girma tare da kamun sababbin yankuna. Sabili da haka, ana dasa bushes a nesa na 0.8-1.4-1.5 m. Ganin ana buƙatar mycorrhiza a kan tushe don zane na al'ada a cikin sabon wuri, ya kamata a sayi seedlings a cikin kwantena tare da tsarin tushen rufaffiyar. Lokacin sayen, yana da mahimmanci a yi ƙoƙarin gani idan ganga tare da blueberry seedling an freshly shuka. Containeraƙƙarfan kwalba ta gaskiya tana zaune a cikin akwati. Freshly dasa zai iya zama ba tare da mycorrhiza a kan tushen, wanda ke nufin shi ba zai yi tushe, musamman a kan artificially halitta acidic ƙasa.
Kafin dasawa, ana saukar da akwati tare da tsire-tsire na ruwan hoda a cikin akwati na ruwa na mintuna 10-20. Kyauta daga ganga. Tushen ana a hankali warware shi daga ƙasa, a miƙe.
An dasa shuki masu ruwan shuɗika zuwa zurfin 5-6 cm, ba zurfi fiye da yadda ya girma a cikin akwati. Yada tushen seedling a kan mazugi ƙasa. An zubar ruwa a cikin ramin tare da ƙasa daga ƙarƙashin seedling. Tare da rufe ƙasa, ɗanɗana dan kadan. 7arshe 7-8 na ƙarshe na ramin saiti yana cike da ciyawa. Ciyawa tare da sawun bishiyar coniferous ko tattara allurai. Kuna iya amfani da wani karamin ciyawa. A cikin hunturu, ciyawa yana yin aikin kariya na kariya daga daskarewa sabili da haka ya kamata ɓangarensa ya isa. Ta hanyar kaka - aƙalla 5-8 cm.
Blueberry Kula
Hanya
Matasa bushes na blueberry suna da mummunan rauni game da clogging tare da wasu tsire-tsire, musamman, ciyawa. Sabili da haka, a cikin shekarun farko, har sai da al'adu suka girma kuma suka ɗauki tushe sosai, a hankali suna da hankali, amma ƙananan (5-8 cm) ciyawa sun zama dole don kada su lalata tushen da ke kwance a cikin ƙasa na 20-30 cm babba.
Blueberry watering
Har sai Tushen ya ɗauki tushe gaba ɗaya, ƙasa a ƙarƙashin blueberry ya kamata ya kasance m. Sabili da haka, a farkon watanni 1-2, ana aiwatar da ruwa bayan kwanaki 2-3 a cikin kananan rabo. Lokacin da sabon ganye ya bayyana (i.e. tushen tsarin ya fara aiki), ana rage ruwa zuwa 2 - sau 3 a wata, amma idan yanayin yayi zafi da bushe, to ruwa aƙalla sau 2 a mako da safe ko yamma da yamma. Da rana, 'yan kwalliya suna sanyaya ta hanyar fesawa da ruwa mai sanyi. Tsirrai masu girma a lokacin fure da girkewar berries suna buƙatar adadin ruwa. A wannan lokacin, suna wucewa zuwa mafi girman matakan ban ruwa, amma ba tare da tsayayyen ruwa ba a cikin matattarar tushen-ƙasa (sabili da haka, ana buƙatar malalewa masu inganci a lokacin dasa).
Abincin Blueberry
Blueberries fara ciyarwa daga shekara ta biyu bayan dasa shuki. Ana amfani da takin mai ma'adinai sau 2 a cikin bazara. Ba'a iya amfani da kwayoyin halitta don miya. Ana yin riguna na farko a cikin lokaci na kumburi koda kuma bayan watanni 1.5. Ku zo a cikin daji mai shekaru biyu, 15-20 g na nitrophoska ko kemira. Yawan haɓakar mace yana ƙaruwa kowace shekara ta sau 1-2-2.0. Ana kula da ƙura acid a shekara. Lokacin da ya haɗu zuwa pH = 5.0, sulfur da aka haɗe tare da yashi ana haɗa shi a cikin ma'adinin ma'adinai ko an shayar da shi tare da ruwan acidified a ƙarƙashin tushe. Don acidify ƙasa, a wasu lokuta ana amfani da brine da ya rage daga baƙin cucumbers. Tabbatar cewa a kowace shekara ciyawa kasar gona a karkashin bushes na blueberries, zai fi dacewa tare da sharar gida ko allura (tun da sun kasance m). Tare da riguna na biyu na biyu, an ƙara ƙananan abubuwa ko takaddun ma'adinai mai ma'ana, suna ɗauke da su a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin (Kemira da sauransu).
Tumburan Lulu (Vaccinium uliginosum). Ga Dauda GayaRashin abinci mai ma'adinai
Yanayin kiwo na wucin gadi ba koyaushe yayi dace da buƙatar amfanin gona ba. Kwayauyi a cikin samuwar amfanin gona yana buƙatar ƙara adadin abinci mai ma'adinai. Rashin kyau nan da nan ta bayyana kanta a bayyanar tsirrai.
Rashin Nitrogen - Matasa na ganyen blueberry sun sami launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, kuma tsofaffin kan samu launin shuɗi. Tsire-tsire suna ci gaba da haɓaka jirgin sama.
Rashin Phosphorus - Kamar yadda yake a wasu al'adun, rashin phosphorus a cikin ruwan 'ya'yan itace a bayyane yake ya bayyana a cikin sake fasalin ganyayyaki. Leaf ruwan wukake suna a matse sosai da harbe.
Rashin potassium - Tare da rashin potassium, fi na matasa harbe na blueberries da tukwici na ganye ruwan wukake baki ya mutu.
Tare da manyan abubuwan gina jiki, ruwan 'ya'yan itace na huda ya faru da rashin ƙarfi ga rashin sauran macro- da microelements, musamman ma alli, boron, baƙin ƙarfe, magnesium, sulfur.
Rashin ƙwayar baƙin jiki - Tare da rashin sa, gefuna da ganyayyaki shuɗi suka zama rawaya, kuma ruwan ganye ya rasa tsinkaye da kamannin sa.
Rashin ƙarancin Boron - Bor yana da mahimmanci ga tsire-tsire blueberry. Tare da rashin, matasa apical ganye daga cikin al'adu saya mai launin shuɗi, kuma a cikin tsohon shiga sarari a kan ganye ruwa juya rawaya. Blueberry stalks suna hankali mutuwa. Haɓakar shekara-shekara kusan ba ya nan. Boron tsire-tsire za a iya bi da su daban. Ana amfani da miya miya ta amfani da aikace-aikacen foliar ta hanyar feshin tsire-tsire.
Rashin ƙarfe - Rage fara farawa daga ganyen apical na blueberries. Ganyen yana juya launin rawaya gaba daya, yana barin raga tare da ɗakin kore.
Rashin magnesium - Ganyen blueberry yana samun launuka iri-iri. A gefuna na ganye suna ja, amma tsiri na kore ya zauna kusa da jijiya.
Ragewar Sulfur - Tare da rashin sulfur, ganyen blueberry sun zama fari. Canjin launi - daga kore zuwa launin shuɗi-fari da fari.
Idan akwai wani canji a cikin tsarin launi na canza launin ganye na ruwan hoda, to wajibi ne don aiwatar da suturar foliar tare da maganin abubuwan abubuwan da aka gano ta hanyar fesawa.
Runyaɗawa da kuma sabunta ruwan 'ya'yan itace shudi
A lokacin karami (kimanin shekaru 4-6, wani lokacin, tare da jinkirin girma - 7-8) kawai ana yin maganin tsabtace jiki sau ɗaya a shekara har zuwa lokacin kumburin koda. Yanke mara lafiya, mai gurguwa, gurɓataccen ɗanɗano, daskararre, da kuma gurɓatacciya a kan ganyayen ƙasa da harbe-harbe na blueberries.
Farawa daga shekaru 6-8-12, ana yin rigakafin cututtukan tsufa na ruwan fure a cikin shuɗi. Zai fi dacewa da za'ayi shekaru 2 zuwa 3, a hankali yanke tsoffin rassan. Idan kuka datse duk tsoffin rassan su lokaci daya (wannan ma hanya ce ta karuwa), to har yaran sun fara bada 'ya'ya, daji zai samar da karancin amfanin shekara.
Tumburan Lulu (Vaccinium uliginosum)Blueberry kariya daga daskarewa
Bangaren da ke sama na blueberry har yanzu yana kula da yanayin sanyi. Tsakanin kewayon -18 ... -20 ° C, ƙaramin ƙuruciya, kuma tare da tsawan zafi mara ƙanƙan iska mai zafi, da kuma ɗaukacin sama na sama, na iya daskarewa. Don hana wannan daga faruwa, don hunturu tsire-tsire suna lanƙwasa kamar yadda zai yiwu don kar su karya rassan, kuma an rufe su da burlap ko lutrasil. Ba za a yi amfani da fim ba. Ana jefa rassan Spruce ko dusar ƙanƙara a farfajiya. A cikin bazara, bayan cire mafaka, kafin kodan ya kumbura, suna gudanar da aikin tsabtace tsabtace, cire daskararrun fika na mai tushe.
Kariya na blueberries daga cututtuka da kwari
Blueberries ba kusan lalacewa ta hanyar kwari da cututtuka. Koyaya, tare da bayyanar alamun waje na mildew powdery, fungal rot ko wasu cututtuka, lalacewar aphids, matakan kariya iri ɗaya ne kamar yadda ake yi akan sauran tsire-tsire na berry, amfani da samfuran kayan halitta kawai don aiki.
Girbi blueberries
Furen furanni blueberry sun jure da sanyi lokacin gajerun-sanyi har zuwa -7 * C sabili da haka basa buƙatar mafaka ta musamman.
Varietiesanyan nau'ikan blueberries suna haɓaka amfanin gona a cikin ingantaccen fasaha ta farkon shekarun Yuli, na tsakiya da na ƙarshen - tare da rata na makonni 1-2. Wani bayyanuwar bayyanannen penan itace na ruwan hoda mai launi shuɗi-shuɗi tare da murfin kakin zuma. Cikakke berries ana iya samun sauƙin rabu da buroshi. Ripening ne a hankali. Berries ta girgiza bayan lokacin jira na makonni 2. Tsaftacewa ya ƙare a ƙarshen watan Agusta. Adult bushes samar har zuwa 5 kilogiram na berries.
Berries ana adana su don makonni 4-5. Amfani dashi cikin sabo da sarrafa tsari. Compotes, juices, jam, jam, da sauransu an shirya su.
Wani irin blueberry don zaɓar don mazaunin bazara
A gida, zaku iya bayar da shawarar horar da nau'ikan lambun shudi iri iri, masu shayarwa musamman na yanayin Russia. Yawancin lokaci yawan sanyi ne, mai sauƙin kulawa kuma baya buƙatar mafaka na shekara-shekara. Suna da manyan 'ya'yan itace masu zaki da m. Al'adar ƙasa ce ta rukuni-giciye, saboda haka kuna buƙatar shuka aƙalla 2 zuwa 3. A cikin yankuna masu sanyi, suna ɗaukar tushe sosai kuma suna bada 'ya'ya Taiga kyakkyawa, Fila mai launin shuɗi, Nectar, Yurkovskaya, Al'adar da sauransu.
Don tsakiyar tsiri, zaka iya amfani da nau'ikan bishiyar shudi ta farkon eninganyan ƙasashen waje:
- Weymouth - lokacin tumatuwa shine ƙarshen watan Yuli, sanyi ne mai jure sanyi, kusan ba ya daskare.
- Rankocas - lokacin tsiro yayi daidai da nau'in Weymouth. Idan aka kwatanta da Weymouth (0.9 m), yana da tsayi - har zuwa 1.5 m ba ga tsayi.
Tall blueberries, lambun (Vaccinium corymbosum)Daga cikin nau'ikan matsakaiciyar matsakaici na zamani, blueberry iri-iri ya cancanci kulawa. Jaka. Babban bushes, ripening daga cikin babban amfanin gona daga tsakiyar watan Agusta zuwa tsakiyar Satumba (maye gurbin nau'ikan farko). Bushes har zuwa 180 cm tsayi. Bambancin ya bambanta da launi na berries - tare da haske launin shuɗi mai haske. Ya kamata a lura cewa nau'ikan kasashen waje sun bambanta da na Rasha a cikin ƙarancin sanyi mai sanyi kuma a cikin hunturu dole na buƙatar mafaka.
A tsakanin lambu sha'awar a kan blueberries, iri-iri ne tartsatsi Coville. Samu sakamakon hybridization na Amurka iri. A duk faɗin duniya, ana amfani da irin nau'ikan 100 na wannan jagorar a cikin shuka tare da iri daban-daban da kayan aiki, wanda ya kai kilo 8 daga daji. Zai iya girma a cikin inuwa m, amma har yanzu ya fi son wuraren rana mai haske. Kyau mai kyau a cikin shinge. Hardness na hunturu ya yi yawa, amma yana fama da daskarewa a cikin lokacin sanyi mai tsananin sanyi kuma cikin dogon sanyi ba tare da dusar ƙanƙara ba.
Mai karatu! Blueberries suna da tabbaci akan jerin bishiyar namu Da fatan za a raba kwarewarku na girma da kula da wannan ingantaccen Berry.
