Astra ga mutane da yawa shine furen kaka da aka fi so. Amma wasu 'yan lambu korafi: ya kamata a shuka seedlings tun tsakiyar Maris, sannan akwai matsaloli da yawa lokacin girma. A zahiri, wannan al'ada ba ta da wuya, kawai kuna buƙatar sanin yanayin sa.
Asters ne tsire-tsire masu hoto, Bloom profusely kawai a rana. Suna haɓaka mafi kyau akan ƙasa mai wadataccen isasshen ruwa, amma suna jure rashin talaucin daidai da gurɓatar ruwa. Zasu iya girma akan kowace ƙasa, amma loam mai sauƙi da yashi mai laushi sun fi dacewa a gare su.
Lambun Astra (Aster)Aster yana da tushen tushen iko, mafi yawan tushen ana samunsu ne a cikin ƙasa a zurfin 15-20 cm. Ana iya dawo da tushen lalacewa a lokacin dasawa ko kwance kwanciyar hankali, don haka ana iya dasa asters a kowane zamani kuma a sami nasarar dasa shi koda da fure da fure. Marigayi bazara da damina, asters ana maye gurbinsu da wasu maganan lokacin fadada lokacin da ake yin kwalliyar filayen fure, baranda, ana tura su cikin tukwane don yin kwalliyar wuraren zama.
A cikin bazara, ana ba da ma'anar asters tare da takin gargajiya (humus, peat takin - 4-6 kg / m2 kowace, peat-acid ba -10 kg / m2) da ma'adinai (gari phosphorite, superphosphate - 80-100 g / m2) takin mai magani. Idan ƙasa ta acidic ce, ƙara dutsen ƙasa, alli ko lemun tsami (80-100 g / m2). Ana amfani da takin na Nitrogen da potassium a lokacin bazara bayan dusar kankara ta narke.
Yawancin lokaci, asters suna girma ta hanyar shuka. Mafi kyawun lokacin shuka a tsakiyar Rasha shine daga Maris 15 zuwa Afrilu 15. Forasa don shuka shine a sanyata a cikin tanda ko 'yan kwanaki kafin a zubar da maganin tushen tushe (1 g a lita 1 na ruwa). Wannan zai taimaka kare kanku daga baƙar fata. Idan akwai nau'ikan da yawa, yana da kyau a shuka a cikin tsummoki kuma a saka lakabi tare da suna. Sa'an nan an rufe tsaba a cikin haske sifilin ƙasa ko yashi tare da Layer na 0.5-1 cm, moistened daga mai iya ruwa tare da karamin strainer ko daga kwalban feshi. Bayan haka, masu zane ko kofuna waɗanda aka rufe da takarda. A zazzabi na 18-20 ° harbe bayyana bayan kwana uku zuwa bakwai, sannan an cire tsari.
Lambun Astra (Aster)Ana sanya tsire-tsire tare da harbe kusa da haske-wuri. Idan seedlings ya shimfiɗa ta ya kwanta, zaku iya zuba ɗan yashi mai laushi.
Ana ciyar da tsire-tsire a cikin kwanaki 7-10 bayan zaɓin (urea, crystallin - 1-1.5 g a lita 1 na ruwa). Makonni biyu zuwa uku kafin dasa shuki a cikin kasar, seedlings fara yin taurara, sannu-sannu a hankali saba da iska mai kyau. Taurare seedlingsan seedlings na iya tsayayya da ɗan gajeren lokaci mai daskarewa har zuwa 5 °.
Ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin gadaje na fure a cikin rabin na biyu na Mayu. Bayan dasa, ana shayar da tsire-tsire da ciyawa tare da peat. Wannan ciyawa tana riƙe da danshi sosai a cikin ƙasa, yana daidaita yanayin zafinsa kuma yana hana haɓakar ciyawa.
Shuka abu ne mai kyau bayan sati uku don ciyar da takin ma'adinan hadaddun (40-50 g / m2). Kuma bayan makonni biyu, ana maimaita miya mai kyau. A lokacin bud'ewa da farkon fure, kawai ana gabatar da takin mai magani da ƙwayoyin phosphorus (25-30 g / m2), kuma an cire nitrogen. Top miya mafi yawa ana haɗe shi da ruwa.
Aroundasar da ke kewaye da ita yawanci tana kwance, amma ba zurfi ba, ana cire ciyayi a kai a kai. Asters ana shayar da su kawai a cikin fari.
Lambun Astra (Aster)Babbar matsalar asters ita ce Fusarium za, ko Fusarium. Cutar ta bayyana kanta da farko a kan ƙananan ganye da ƙananan ɓangarorin kara, a hankali suna yadawa ga ɗaukacin shuka. Ganyayyaki da suka shafa sun zama launin rawaya da farko, sannan kuma juya launin ruwan kasa, curl da rataya. A tushen wuya da sama, madaidaicin raɗaɗin duhu ya bayyana. Yankunan da aka shafa mai karfi sun lanƙwasa sannan kuma su bushe. Ciyawar da ta shafa ana tono kuma ta lalace, sannan ana zubar ash ko lemun tsami a cikin rijiyoyin, gauraye da ƙasa kuma an daidaita shi. Matasa tsire-tsire masu wahala sosai ga Fusarium, yawanci cutar tana nuna kanta yayin budadawa ko fure na asters. Abin baƙin ciki, hanyoyin da za a magance wannan cutar ba a san su ba kuma babu wasu nau'ikan da suke da tsayayya da ita gabaɗaya. Koyaya, ya kamata yan lambu masu son yin la’akari da wasu matakai na rigakafin da zasu taimaka wajen rage cutar.
Da farko dai, asters sun koma matsayinsu na asali bayan shekaru hudu zuwa biyar, tunda naman gwari wanda yake haifar da cutar ya kasance a cikin kasar na wani lokaci mai tsayi. Idan makircin ya kasance karami kuma babu yiwuwar lura da jujjuyawar amfanin gona, to a wurin da ake shirin dasa 'yan asters a shekara mai zuwa, a wannan shekara suna shuka calendula, nasturtium ko shuka shuka na petunias ko marigolds waɗanda ke warkar da ƙasa tare da samar da canji.
Kafin dasa shuki asters, ƙara humus ko takin ƙasa, amma ba sabon taki, wanda zai tsokani cutar kawai.
Sosai tsaba kafin shuka a cikin 0.03% bayani na gano abubuwa na 14-18-18 da foliar saman miya a lokacin budding zai kuma taimaka kare shuke-shuke daga Fusarium kamuwa da cuta. Bugu da kari, daga abubuwan da aka gano, furanni sun kara haske.
Lambun Astra (Aster)Tsire-tsire suna girma ta hanyar shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa (farkon Mayu) nan da nan zuwa wurin dindindin sun fi tsayayya da cutar. A wannan yanayin, ana amfani da nau'in fure na farkon.
Akwai ɗan ƙaramin abin da zai baka damar sha'awar 'yan asters daga Oktoba zuwa Disamba. Ana shuka tsaba a tsakiyar Yuni kuma tsire-tsire suna girma, kamar yadda suka saba, har zuwa tsakiyar Satumba. Daga nan sai aka canza taurari a hankali cikin tukwane tare da nisan mitar 10-15 cm kuma an sanya shi akan taga mafi haske a cikin dakin. Varietiesarancin ƙananan haɓaka sun fi dacewa da wannan.
Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su:
- E. Sytov, dan takarar kimiyyar aikin gona, VNIISSOK, yankin Moscow
- V.Kozhevnikov, Daraktan Gida na Botanical Stavropol
