Satumba Rana kaka ta zo. An Adana. Kuna iya magance tsarin Berry, wanda dole ne ya kasance da baki, ja, zinariya, fararen launuka daban-daban da ranakun. Currant shine tushen bitamin, ma'adanai da sauran abubuwa masu mahimmanci. Matsakaicin tsawon ingancin fruiting na currants shine shekaru 12-15 tare da kulawa mai dacewa da ingantaccen pruning da kuma sake sabuntawa. Amma ya zo lokacin da kuke son yaduwar Berry. Tabbas, zaku iya sayan shirye-shiryen da aka yi da kwari a kasuwa kuma ku dasa su a wurin da aka sanya na gida na bazara. Kodayake, hanya mafi aminci don samun kayan da ake so na kayan da kuka fi so shine yaduwar kai.
Farfagandar currants ta yanke.
Hanyoyin yaduwar Currant
Ana yin haifuwa ne da tsaba da kuma ciyayi. Ana amfani da tsaba na currant a cikin cibiyoyin kiwo na musamman don namo sabbin iri. A cikin yanayin rani, mafi kyawun yanayi shine yaduwar ciyayi, wanda za'a iya yin shi ta hanyar farashi, ƙananan currant, rarraba daji.
Hanya mafi sauƙi kuma mafi sauri shine cut. Yana ba ku damar samun adadin kayan dasa kayan marasa jin zafi don daji a cikin bazara lokacin da aka datse bushes ko a cikin fall. Yankan ana girbe rani ko kore, apical da damina. Mafi kyawu shine yaduwar currants a cikin kaka kaka.
Lokacin girbi na kaka currant cuttings
Kaka kaka ta rasa danshi. Harbe "barci" da kuma cuttings a cikin bazara, godiya ga adana danshi, ɗauki tushen da sauri, samar da kyakkyawan tushen tsarin.
Autumn ko lignified cuttings na daban-daban na currants ana girbe a lokuta daban-daban.
- Yanke baƙar fata currant a ƙarshen Satumba da kuma duk lokacin dumi na Oktoba.
- Ja masu currants ne kawai a cikin kaka, wanda ke tabbatar da rayuwa mai kyau. Ana yin yankan daga shekaru goma na uku na Agusta zuwa Satumba 10-15.
- Zai fi dacewa a yadu da currant ɗin zinariya da fari tare da yadudduka spring. Tushen tushe a cikin kaka ko bazara mai zuwa suna rabu da babban daji kuma an dasa shi a cikin ƙasa buɗe.
Dokoki don zaɓi da girbi na kaka kaka na currant
Don zaɓar sare currant cuttings, wasu na farko aikin wajibi ne.
A lokacin rani, lura da karfi bushes na zaɓaɓɓen iri iri:
- bai lalace ta cututtuka da kwari ba,
- forming mai girma yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Lokacin girbi girbi, koyaushe suna aiki tare da kayan aikin da aka lalata don kar su kamu da kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar sabbin raunuka. Yankin ya kamata ya zama mai santsi (ba a chewed ba), don haka dole ne a inganta kayan aikin.
A kan bushes da aka lura a lokacin rani, ana yin gwaji na farko. Don yankan girbi, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da shekara 3-4-5 mai matukar girma bushes ko girbi cuttings na igiyar ciki bushes. An zaɓi tushen lafiya ko babban harbe tare da diamita na 1.0-1.5 cm a ginin ana zaɓa don itace .. An yanke su ba tare da hemp kusa da ƙasa ba. An yanke yankan daga harbe da aka girbe, diamita wanda ya kamata ya zama 0.5-0.7 cm Saboda haka, ana amfani da tsakiyar ɓangaren harba.
Idan babu tushen harbi na currant, to, ana girbe harbe-tallacen shekara-shekara na umarni na farko da na biyu. Ana wakilta su ta hanyar harbe-harbe a kaikaice waɗanda ke kan gindi mai tushe. Yawancin harbe za a iya yanke daga daji, daga abin da har zuwa 20 za a iya shirya girbi. An yanke yankan zuwa tsawon 15-18-20 cm.Hajin ɓarin ɓawon na ɓoye ya zama ƙaiƙayi (kusan digiri 60) daga hagu zuwa dama, 0.5 cm sama da koda, ƙananan madaidaiciyar layin shine 0.6-1.0 cm a ƙasa tare da koda. Tushen ci gaba a cikin yankin na koda da kuma kusa da internode.
- A cikin yankuna na kudanci, zaku iya shirya nan da nan kuma dasa tushen currant a cikin makarantar bude ƙasa. Yawancin lokaci, saukowa daga ƙasa yana kan Oktoba 10-15.
- A tsakiyar layi kuma zuwa arewa, yanke cut currant sun fi dacewa don dasa a cikin akwati kuma girma cikin ɗakin kafin bazara. Lokacin dasa shuki, kaka ana dasa tushen a ƙasa a ƙarshen watan Agusta.
- Ko da kuwa yankin, zaku iya kiyaye tushen currant a cikin yanayin bacci har sai lokacin bazara kuma, tare da farkon zafi, dasa su a cikin makarantar da ke buɗe ƙasa.
An yi nasarar girbe reshe na currant.
Yanke cut na currant don haifuwa.
Rooting cuttings na currant a cikin tukunya.
Hanyoyi na dasa kaka currant cuttings
Hanya 1
Bayan yankan, ana sanya ɓarawon currant tare da ƙananan ƙarshen a cikin bayani na tushe, heteroauxin ko kowane mai kara kuzari ta hanyar 3-5 cm.
A cikin mafita, ganyen zai iya jurewa har zuwa kwanaki 5-7 a zazzabi na yanayi a kewayon + 18 ... + 20ºС. Idan girgije ko bayyanar ƙira a saman mafita, an maye gurbinsa da sabo.
Shirya currant cuttings ana shuka su nan da nan
- a bude ƙasa,
- a cikin kwantena da aka shirya.
Hanya 2
Lokacin da farkon yanayin sanyi na farko, za'a iya adanar ɓawon currant na currant har sai lokacin bazara kuma idan lokacin dumin yanayi ya shigo, sauke su zuwa makaranta. An adana ƙananan abubuwan da ke daure na itace a tsaye a dusar ƙanƙara. Idan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke sosai da wuri, to, an ɗora ƙododin a cikin murɗa mai laushi, sannan a cikin fim kuma a sa a cikin firiji har sai yanayin ya dace da dasa shuki. Idan akwai 'yan currant kaɗan, an rufe su a cikin fim kuma a adana su a cikin firiji, lokaci-lokaci suna buɗe moisturize.
Autumn dasa na currant cuttings a bude ƙasa
Kafin yankan sare, an shirya wani shafi (makaranta). A wurin da aka kasaftawa bayar da gudummawa ga square. m yanki na kilogiram 10 na humus ko takin don tono tare da zurfin 25 cm cm 8. An kafa shafin, an murƙushe kowane ɓuɓɓake. Idan ya cancanta - shayar. An haƙa rami biyu ko biyu tare da igiyar ta hanyar cm 40-50. wallaya daga bango na tare maɓallin don yankan ya kamata a karkasa ta da kimanin digiri 40-45 domin a yanke zurfin currant. Idan ya cancanta, zuba Layer yashi don magudanar ruwa, wani yanki na humus, wani yanki na ƙasa a ƙasan maɓuɓɓugar.
An ɗora currant ɗin itace a gefen karkarin maɓallin wanda ya sa 2 buds su kasance a ƙasa. A cikin iri tare da guntun internodes, yawanci 3 buds suna ragu. A jere, nisan dake tsakanin tsiran ya sha bamban tsakanin santimita 15-20. Nishadantarwa na iya zama mafi girma idan ƙyallen da ke cikin makarantar sun haura shekaru 2. Idan an shirya canji don wuri na dindindin a cikin bazara, to, an rage nisan da ke tsakanin gefan da ke jere zuwa 7-10 cm.
Bayan cika tare mahara, kasar gona a kusa da dasa currant cuttings an compused sabõda haka, babu iska gibba tsakanin cuttings da ƙasa, shayar da zauna (dumi) ruwa. Bayan shan ruwa, ana ciyawar ƙasa har zuwa 3-5 cm tare da ƙananan ciyawa - humus, peat, bambaro yankakken, wasu kayan. Idan yanayin ya yi dumi na dogon lokaci, ya zama dole a sassauta shi kuma a shayar da ruwa. Bushewa da ƙasa ba a yarda da shi ba. Kwanan nan, mulching ne da za'ayi tare da permeable shafi kayan.
Rooting cuttings a bude ƙasa.
Gwanin currant mai banƙyama a cikin bazara a zazzabi na ƙasa sama da + 10 ... + 12ºС saika ɗauki tushen kuma ka fara ɓoye ɓangaren sararin samaniya. A ƙarshen Mayu, suna da tushen 1-2 da ganye da suka toshe ko ganye bai buɗe ba. A wannan lokacin, ana iya dasa tushen currant cuttings a cikin wani wuri m. Amma ya fi girma girma da cuttings kafin fall a cikin makaranta, kuma amma sai dashi zuwa “m”. A lokacin bazara, ƙananan currant za su kirkiro kyakkyawan tsarin tushen da sassa na m. Kuna iya datsa girman shekara-shekara, da barin 2 buds a kan kusurwa na geron da aka kafe na itace, kuma yi amfani da sashin da aka datse don yaduwa.
Dasa tsirar currant a cikin kwandon shara
Girbe currant cuttings kafin bazara za a iya dasa a cikin kwantena daban da kuma sanya a kan tire a kan taga sills. Ta wannan hanyar, an shirya itace don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa a tsakiyar Rasha, inda lokacin kaka ya yi gajere kuma sanyi. Kyan currant ba su da lokaci don daidaitawa da sababbin yanayi kuma a lokacin hunturu wasu daga cikinsu sun mutu.
Don dasa shuki currant, ana amfani da kowane kwantena: tukwane, akwatuna, kwalabe 1.5 na ruwan ma'adinai. An shirya cakuda ƙasa daga bangarori daban-daban: peat, humus, yashi da ƙasa, haɗaɗɗun sassan kayan abinci. A kasan tankar, an yi ramuka don magudana ruwa da magudanan ruwa. Yankan 1-3 ana binne su a cikin cakuda ƙasa a saman ƙodan biyu. A ƙasa ne a hankali compused kuma shayar. Dukkanin hunturu ana kulawa da su, hana ruwa ko bushewa daga ƙasa.
A cikin bazara, a yanayin zafi sama da + 10 ... + 12ºС, ana dasa tushen currant cuttings zuwa makarantar ko kuma nan da nan zuwa wurin dindindin. A cikin makarantar, a lokacin bazara da bazara, yankan zai zama itace da aka kafe sosai kuma, lokacin da aka dasa shi a cikin damina, zai yi haƙuri da hunturu. Yawancin lokaci adadin tsira shine 100%.
Hanyoyin dasa bishiyoyi masu dasawa da kulawa
Zaɓin wurin zama
Ya danganta da nau'in currant, an zaɓi wuraren ci gaba da namo daban-daban. Don haka, blackcurrant yana girma a wuraren budewa da kuma inuwa a cikin m, a cikin ƙananan wurare mara laima, amma ba tare da magudanun ruwa ba da ruwa. Ja da fari currants sun fi ƙarfin jure fari kuma sun fi dacewa a dasa a wuri mai tsayi da haske.
Matsakaicin nauyi da matsakaici loamy kasa sun dace da blackcurrant. Red da fari currants samar da amfanin gona mai kyau a kan loamy kasa, amma sun fi son haske da loamy yashi.
Rooting cuttings na currant.
Preparationasa shiri
Yankin currant yana a hankali a leveled, wanda yake mahimmanci ga shayarwar amfanin gona mai zuwa. Tabbatar a share tsaftace perennial rhizome ciyawa waɗanda ke hana matasa plantings kafin dasa shuki seedlings. Tono shafin zuwa zurfin siram ɗin bayoneti. Kafin yin digging, sun kawo guga na humus ko takin da takin mai-phosphorus-potash, bi da bi, 40-50 da 20-30 g a 1 sq. m square. Ana shirya ramin dasa dabbobin a cikin dasa dasa makonni 2-3 kafin dasa shuki, kuma a cikin bazara ya fi kyau a shirya su a cikin bazara.
Tsarin seedling
Kafin dasa, bishiyoyin / daskararrun ƙwayoyin cuta ana bincika su kuma an cire su ta hanyar cututtukan da ba su da lafiya, rassan da suka bushe, da asalinsu busasshen tushe. An yanke ɓangaren sararin samaniya zuwa 15-20 cm kuma ana matse shi na tsawon awanni 3-6 a cikin tushen tushen ko sauran shirye-shiryen samar da tushen.
Idan dasa ne da za'ayi by 2 - bazara seedlings, to, barin harbe-shekara tare da 2 zuwa 4 buds. Ana buƙatar keɓance ɓangare na m. Massaramin taro a sama zai ba daji damar amfani da ƙarin abubuwan gina jiki don haɓaka tsarin tushen. Ka tuna cewa tsarin tushen currant yana farawa da aiki a zazzabi ƙasa + 16 ... + 18ºС, kuma sama-ƙasa da yawa a baya, a cikin zafin jiki + 6 ... + 8 ° С. Tsarin tushen tushen talauci bazai iya tabbatar da haɓakar ci gaba na iska mai ƙarfi da samar da ingantaccen amfanin gona mai inganci ba.
Babban hanyoyin dasa shuki currant seedlings
Bayan shirya wurin saukowa, dangane da iri-iri, an shirya ramin rami tare da nisa tsakanin layin 1.7-2.0 m kuma a cikin mita na 1.0-1.25-1.5. Girman na farko na rami na dasa shine 30-40x30-40 cm tare da zurfin 35 cm cm girman girman wurin zama an shirya shi a ƙarƙashin tushen ƙwayar zuriya.
An shirya cakuda ƙasa wadda aka shirya a cikin rami na dasa shuki, wanda ya ƙunshi kilogiram 6 na humus (idan ƙasa tana da nauyi) kuma, bi da bi, 40 da 20 g da takin mai magani na phosphorus. A kan kasa mai haske, zaka iya iyakance kanka ga gabatarwar nitroammophoski a 50-70 g / kyau ko sauran takin.
Yawancin nau'ikan currant suna da saurin-kai kuma basa buƙatar abokin tarayya, amma domin samarwa ya kasance koyaushe, yana da kyau dasa shuki iri-iri da ke pollinated.
1/3 na rami mai dasa an rufe shi da cakuda ƙasa mai cakuda ta yadda bango ɗaya ya karkata.
An sanya seedling a cikin rami a wani kusurwa na 40-45 a jere tare da layi kuma a hankali an rufe shi da ƙasa, kullun tare da hannunka don kar a sami gibin iska tsakanin tushen da ƙasa.
Tushen wuya na currant ya zama 5-8 cm ƙasa da matakin ƙasa. Wannan ya zama dole don samun ƙarin harbe.
Currant
Kula: dole ne a sanya seedling gaba ɗaya. Wannan dabarar za ta ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban ƙarin tushen tushen, kuma ƙarin harbe zai samo asali daga tushen tushen wuyan da aka binne a cikin ƙasa da ɓangare na tushe. Kyakkyawan daji zai yi girma. Tare da saukowa kai tsaye. Littleaya daga cikin kananan shtamb mai girma zai haɓaka. Ana amfani da wannan dasa a cikin samuwar ƙananan itatuwan currant.
- Bayan cika ruwa, 2/3 na ramin an zuba a ƙarƙashin dasa guga na 0.5 na ruwan dumi. Ramin ya cika har ƙarshe, haɗawa. An kafa rami a kusa da saukowa don kada ruwan ya zube ko'ina, kuma an ƙara wasu bokiti na ruwa 0.5.
- Bayan shan ruwa, an dasa ciyawar da ciyawa mai kyau.
- Bayan kwanaki 4-5, ana sake shayar da ƙasa.
Saboda haka seedling ya raunana da dasawa baya shan wahala (musamman ma tushe) daga lokacin sanyi, dasawa kafin kwanciyar hankali yana sanyaya, ya bar wani sashi na kara tare da alamomin 1-2 a farfajiya kuma mulched tare da Layer na 5-7 cm.
Currant dasa kulawa
Babban kulawa a cikin lokacin dasa shuki ya hada da shayarwa, takin, shuki da kuma kare tsirrai daga kwari da cututtuka bisa ga tsarin da aka saba da shi don kula da dasa shuki.
