Bishiyar rasberi rasberi tare da hotuna da kwatancinIrin wannan kyakkyawar al'ada kamar raspberries sanannu ne ga duk, an samo ta ko'ina a cikin lambuna da orchards. A berries suna da daɗi sosai, kuma saboda abubuwan da ke tattare da bitamin suna da amfani, suna da kaddarorin warkarwa.
'Ya'yan itace, waɗanda aka yanka, suna da kyau domin suna da rashen da ya fi girma, ba sa buƙatar garter. Hakanan ana kiranta itacen rasberi - tsire-tsire ya kai tsayinsa game da 2 m kuma yana kama da itacen da ke da harbe-harbe da yawa, amma a zahiri shi ɗan itace ne. Kowane gefen harbe yana da matakai akan abin da berries ke bayyana. A cikin siffar suna zagaye ko kusa, gwargwadon nau'ikan nauyin 5 5 ko 12-20.
A cikin yankinmu, bishiyar bishiyoyi ta bayyana a ƙarshen karni na ashirin. Anyi rajista na farko (Tarusa) a shekarar 1993.
Yadda za a zabi seedlings
Daidaitattun nau'in raspberries suna ba da ƙaramin harbe harbe - haifuwarsa mai wahala, wanda ke haifar da babban farashin kayan dasa. Area'yan itaciyar bishiyar bishiyar Rasberi ana saya da kyau a gonaki na musamman, tashoshin 'ya'yan itace, ko wuraren kiwon dabbobi. Za'a samar muku da kayan kayan shuka masu inganci ba kawai (a bazuwar siyarwa ba kuma akwai haɗarin guduwa cikin masu sikandire), har ila yau za'a iya samar da kayan aiki masu kyau (yanayin yanayin yankin ku).
Lokacin sauka
Kuna iya dasa daidaitattun rasberi a cikin bazara ko kaka. Yi dasa shuki kafin a buɗe ayoyin. A cikin dasa shuki, lissafta lokacin domin havean itacen su samu lokacin da za su ɗauki tushe tun kafin lokacin tsananin sanyi na sanyi (an dasa shuki a kusan ƙarnin da ya gabata na Satumba ko kuma farkon Oktoba).
Raspberries dasa a cikin bazara a cikin shekarar farko ba za ta ba da babban amfanin gona ba.
Yanayin girma na raspberries
Zaɓin wurin zama
Aauki wani wuri mai kama da rana; dingan alamar girgiza mai yiwuwa ne yayin sauka a gefen kudu. Kariya daga maganan yana da mahimmanci. Har zuwa karshen, sau da yawa dasa tare fences ko outbuildings, barin daga gare su game da m 1. Saboda haka Tushen ba su rot, ruwan karkashin kasa ya kamata wuce a zurfin akalla 1.5 m.
Magabata
Da wake, mustard, alfalfa za su zama kyawawan magabata na al'adu. Ganye zai zama abinci mai gina jiki, kayan lambuna za su cika da sinadarin nitrogen da sauran abubuwan da ake nema.
Preparationasa shiri
A ƙasa na bukatar gina jiki, sako-sako da, tare da matsakaici zafi. Don digging, yin taki ko takin dazuɗa, kuna iya ƙara nitrophos. Idan amsawar ƙasa ta kasance acidic, ƙara da lemun tsami na lambu (0.3-0.5 kg a 1 m per).
Don dasa shuki, ya kamata a shirya ƙasa a cikin kaka, kuma lokacin dasawa a cikin kaka, ana aiwatar da shiri ne watanni 1.5-2 kafin dasawa.
Dasa bishiyar rasberi
A cikin bidiyon mun kalli lokacin saukar da kaka na daidaitaccen rasberi Tarusa:
Yadda za a dasa itacen rasberi a cikin bazara? Babban abu shine shuka kamar yadda ya kamata, zai fi dacewa kafin buduwa. Idan kun shuka riga tare da ganye, sau da yawa kuna buƙatar shayar da tsire-tsire har sai an yarda da su.
Rasberi itace dasa ne da za'ayi a cikin hanyoyi biyu:
- Ta tef (tearing dogon tare mahara)
- Bush (rami na rami game da 30 zuwa 30 cm, zurfin ya dogara da girman tsarin tushen).
A kasan ramin rami ko maɓuɓɓugar, sanya "matashin gado" mai gina jiki - wani yanki na humus wanda aka gauraye da itacen ash.
- A datsa tushen bushe da lalacewa, sannan a tsoma a cikin yumɓu mai yumɓu tare da Bugu da ƙari na mullein ko ƙwayoyin kaza.
- Sanya seedling a cikin rami ko maɓuɓɓugar, ku rufe shi da duniya.
- Tushen tushe yakamata ya kasance daidai da matakin dasawa.
- Ciyawa farfajiyar kasar gona da bambaro.
- A lokacin dasa shuki, ya wajaba don tsafi ta hanyar 12-15 cm (rufe ƙananan buds don kada su daskare a cikin hunturu).
- Tsakanin kowane ɗan tsire-tsire, kiyaye nisan nisan rabin rabin, tsakanin layuka - 1.5-2 m.
Don daidaitawa tsawon makonni 2, yana da amfani ga shayar da seedlings kowane kwanaki 2-3 tare da ruwa mai ɗumi.
Yadda za a kula da daidaitattun raspberries
A cikin kulawa, daidaitattun raspberries ba su da ma'ana, kazalika da talakawa. Idan manufar dasa ita ce samun ingantaccen girbi, ya kamata ku mai da hankali sosai game da shuka.
Nisantawa da samuwar daji
Bayan mako biyu bayan dasa, lokacin da seedlings suke da ƙarfi, zaku iya fara samar da daji. Tsamu firan harbe-harbe (yanke zuwa 10-15 cm). Wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga kunnawar buds a kaikaice - ta faɗuwa za a sami harbe-harbe da yawa. Autar pruning ta ƙunshi yankan harbe suna fruitan itace a wannan karon, barin matasa.
Sake yatsun fi biyu a bazara. Ta haka ne, zaku samar da itacen rasberi iri ɗaya wanda ke da shtamb daga manyan filoli (guda 6-7). Increasearuwar adadin su zai iya tasiri yawan amfanin ƙasa: shootsarin harbe da unan shinge, morearin berries. Daga wani daji zaka iya tattara kilogiram 4-12 na berries.
Sauke ciyawa. Lura ƙasa zata kare tsarin tushen daga zafi sosai.
Yadda ake ruwa
A mataki na ovary da aiki fruiting, tabbatar da yawan ruwa akai-akai (kimanin lokaci 1 a mako daya, kara lita 10 na ruwa a ƙarƙashin kowane daji). Idan babu isasshen danshi, zazzabin ovary na iya faruwa, berriesan itacen zai bushe.
Yadda ake ciyarwa
Ya kamata a ciyar da shi sau 2-3 a kowace kakar. A farkon bazara da kuma lokacin 'ya'yan itace saitin, ƙara takin gargajiya ko hadaddun ma'adinai, a cikin kaka (a farkon kwanakin farko na Satumba) ciyar da ma'adinai.
Irin wannan kulawa za a ba su lada tare da kyakkyawan girbi na manyan, m, m, da kuma berries mai lafiya.
Rimwayar daidaitattun rasberi da samar da bidiyon daji:
Yadda za a yanke tsohuwar harbe:
Cutar da kwari
Stambular rasberi Stambular suna tsayayya da cututtuka da kwari, amma Bordeaux ruwa ya kamata a bi dashi bayan pruning don prophylaxis.
Kafin fure, bi da maganin Topaz (10 l na ruwa 10 ml) don kare kai daga kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtukan fungal.
Cire foliage na bara daga shafin, a cikin kaka, tono kannun hanyoyin (za ku iya yin huɗa).
Nasarar Rasberi
A ƙarshen Satumba, ya kamata ku tanƙwara harbe a ƙasa kuma ku ɗaure su tare. Bar raspberries winters daidai a karkashin murfin dusar ƙanƙara, yana canja wurin saukar da zazzabi na -30 ° C.
Yadda za a yada misali raspberries tare da kore kore
Yankasa bishiyar bishiyar bishiyoyi ta bishi mataki-mataki tare da hotuna
A lokacin rani, yanke ɗanyen kore 25-30 cm tsayi, cire ƙananan ganye kuma riƙe pertuna na tsawon awanni 24 a cikin tushen tushen ko heteroauxin.
Yanke hoton bishiyar bishiyar itace rasberi
Bayan wannan, saka a cikin kwantena na mutum tare da sako-sako da ƙasa mai gina jiki da ramuka na magudanar ruwa.
Yadda za a yada misali raspberries tare da kore kore
Kuna iya sanya shi a cikin ɗakuna mai kyau, a kan baranda, a cikin gazebo ko a cikin lambu a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi. Ruwa kamar yadda ƙasa ke bushewa.
Yaduwa daga itacen bishiyoyi tare da kore kore hoto
A ƙarshen bazara da farkon kaka, 'yan itacen za su ɗauki tushe sosai kuma za su kasance a shirye don dasawa a shafin. Don hana mutuwar kananan tsire-tsire, a sarafa ciyawa a kan gangar jikin ganyayyaki tare da ganye ko bambaro tare da kauri mai kauri na 15-20 cm.
Yadda za a yaduwar bishiyar bishiyoyi tare da tsabtace lignified
Sake bugun itace mai kalar shards
Hakanan za'a iya yaduwar bishiyar rasberi ta hanyar harbe-harbe na bara: yanke yankan 25-30 cm tsawo a farkon bazara, riƙe tsawon awanni 24 a cikin maganin heteroacusin ko tushe kuma dasa su cikin cakuda mai narkewa.
Sanya seedlings a cikin wani wuri mai cike da hasken wuta, yana yiwuwa a baranda, babban abinda yake shine shine zazzabi baya faɗuwa kasa da sifili. Ruwa yana shafawa, ba tare da bushewa da ƙamshin yukuri ba. Ba da daɗewa ba, yan itacen za su ɗauki tushe kuma su kori matasa harbe.
An dasa shi a cikin lambu bayan cikakken tushen, bayan watanni 1.5-2. Mafi kyawun lokacin don saukowa shine ƙarshen lokacin bazara (Agusta-Satumba), lokacin da babu lokacin zafi mai ɗorewa.
A kan babban sikelin, yaduwa ta hanyar lignified cuttings ana aiwatar da su a cikin ƙasa maraba: an dasa cuttings a cikin maɓuɓɓugar ƙarƙashin maɓallin ɗanɗano, zai fi dacewa a cikin Inuwa mai duhu. A cikin kaka, zaunar da ku a cikin dindindin wuri.
Ab Adbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani na Rasberi rasberi
Rasberi rasberi yana da fa'idodi da yawa:
- Cutar da kwaro
- Bishiyar juriya
- 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a yalwace ko da a cikin matsanancin zafi (+30 ° C a cikin inuwa). Ba da ruwa sosai domin berries su zama masu juicier.
- Babban yawan amfanin ƙasa (kimanin kilo 10 na 'ya'yan itace daga wani daji mai girma).
- Babu ƙaya akan mai tushe, wanda ke sa tsarin girbi ya zama mafi dacewa da jin daɗi.
- Bishiyoyi suna da yawa (kimanin 4 cm tsayi, akwai ƙattai 18-20 cm tsayi), suna rabuwa sosai da tushe.
- Ba ya bukatar garter.
- Bushan daji ba ya "yada" a kan makircin: a lokacin kakar, yanke guda yana ba da rassan maye gurbin 10-12.
Akwai wasu rashin nasara:
- Stamp rasberi iri ne remontant: fruiting fara a ƙarshen Yuni da farkon Yuli. A tsakiyar Rasha da Siberiya, ba za ka iya samun 1/3 na amfanin gona ba, wasu daga cikin tumatir ba za su huda ba kuma za su faɗo ƙarƙashin sanyi.
- Sake bugun yana da wuya, tunda yawan dasawar ya yi ƙanana. A wannan batun, farashin seedlings yana da yawa, amma yawanci yana ba da hujja ga duk farashin.
Daidaitaccen nau'in rasberi tare da hoto da bayanin
Rasberi Stambovaya Tarusa hoto
Tarusa shine ya zama ruwan dare gama gari, shine farkon a cikin gida. Berry yana da elongated-conical, babba (mai nauyin 4-12 g), mai haske mai haske a launi tare da ƙanshin mai daɗi. Bayan an kirkiro "rawanin" kambin, baya buƙatar ƙara girki; ƙwayar ba ta yadu a yankin. Ana iya girma a ko'ina cikin Rasha - yana da kyau sosai a kowane yanayi, amma a yankuna masu sanyi ana shirin yin hunturu (harbe ya lanƙwashe ƙasa, daga baya kuma ya rufe da dusar ƙanƙara).
Stamp raspberries sansanin soja
Sansanin soja - da yaduwa ta hanyar yanke, yana ba da yawa (a kwatanta da sauran) na sauyawa mai tushe. Manyan nau'ikan samar da gwaggwabar riba - yana bada kimanin kilo 4 na berries daga daji. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne cikakke a kan sifa, tsawon cm 10.' Ya'yan itãcen marmari barga ne ba tare da la'akari da yanayin waje ba.
Stamp raspberries Tale hoto
Labarin tatsuniya - ire-ire na samar da gwaggwabar riba (daga wani gandun daji daya kula da tattara kilogram 12 na berries). 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari mãsu haƙuri jurewa da sufuri da kyau. Kurmi ya kafa tsarin tushen karfi da harbe mai karfi, wanda ke kara jure sanyi.
Rasberi Shtambovaya Galaxy hoto berries
Galaxy An san daji da ƙarancin haɓaka. Yayi yaduwa a tsakiya kuma baya yin kafa. Manyan berriesa berriesan berries tare da ɗimbin kusan 10-18 g haɓakawa a kan harbe.Ya bambanta bambancin ta wurin kyakkyawan yanayin hunturu.
Hoton rasberi Bogatyr hoto na daji tare da berries
Bogatyr. Formsan daji suna yin ingantattun harbe-harbe waɗanda babu wasu ƙaya. Kayan marmari irin kayan zaki. Su masu conical ne a sifa kuma babba ne a jiki. Good hunturu hardness na iri-iri, da safarar juriya da daban-daban pathogenic microorganisms aka lura.
Sauran shahararrun nau'in bishiyar bishiyoyi:
Hoto Penguin Rasberi
Penguin da Eurasia suna da irin kamanninsu. Tsawon daji bai wuce 1.3 m ba, a ƙarshen fruiting, ana sare duk harbe har kusan zuwa tushe. Bishiyoyi suna da yawa (suna yin kimanin 5 g). Lokacin fruiting yana cikin Yuli-Satumba.
Stamp raspberries Gigantic hoto
Gigantic - daji ya kusan muni 1.8 Berries na launin ja mai haske, mai nauyin 8-12 g, ba ya crumple yayin sufuri.
Stacked Rasberi Glen Amp Hoto
Glen Ampl - iri-iri ne da an daidaita shi sosai ga nau'ikan ƙasa da yanayin yanayi.
M kaddarorin amfani da itacen rasberi
Berries rasberi suna da tsarin abubuwa masu amfani: glucose, sucrose, fructose; malic, citric, acid salicylic; bitamin A, B, C; sun ƙunshi zinc, jan ƙarfe, baƙin ƙarfe, alli, ma'adanai da gishiri. Berries na rawaya yana da babban abun ciki na carotene.
Tare da magunguna, raspberries suna da amfani a cikin cututtuka daban-daban:
- Colds, mura, SARS (a cikin nau'in abin sha ana amfani dashi azaman kyakkyawan diaphoretic da wakili na antipyretic);
- Weakens mai karfi tari;
- Nagari na gastritis, atherosclerosis, scurvy (saboda babban abun ciki na bitamin C), anaemia (maye gurbin raunin ƙarfe a cikin jikin).
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
Mai gano farkon rasberi shine Pliny, wanda ya rayu a tsohuwar Roma. Bayan ya ɗanɗana bishiyar daji a cikin kurmin Crete, sai ya fito da ƙwayar iri domin girbi a gonar.
An tabbatar da shi a kimiyance cewa hannun hannu guda na raspberries zasu iya inganta yanayi kuma suna taimakawa wajen dawo da tsarin juyayi bayan damuwa.
Ana daukar rasberi Aronia mafi amfani, tunda yana da iko na musamman don ƙarfafa ganuwar bututun jini.
