Raspberries, nazarin iri da nau'in halitta

Babu shakka, ɗayan itacen da aka fi so a Rasha shine raspberries. Raspberries ne quite hunturu-Hardy da unpretentious, da sauri shigar fruiting. Bushes ɗin Rasberi, dangane da iri-iri, na iya zama ƙasa kaɗan - kimanin 1.5 m, matsakaici - ba fiye da 2 m da ƙarfin - fiye da 2 m, kazalika da madaidaiciya-girma, matsakaici da dan kadan shimfidawa. Bushes kuma ya bambanta ta fuskar girma, lamba da kauri na harbe, tare da ko ba tare da ƙaya ba. Berries daga 2 zuwa 12 g na kyawawan dandano da ƙamshi kuma suna da mahimmancin magunguna da kayan abinci, suna da wadatuwa a cikin abubuwan kwayar halitta, bitamin. Ana amfani da berries sabo ne, bushe, daskararre, jam an shirya daga gare su, ruwan 'ya'yan itace, jam, sitaci, giya, giya, marmalade.

Illa Cillas

Rasberi (lat.Rubus) - wani ciyawa daga dangin Pink.

Ya girma a cikin sharewa, gandun daji, ciyayi, kogin rafi. Sau da yawa ana bred a cikin lambuna.

Rasberi shine shuki mai yankewa tare da perennial rhizome, daga abin da biennial dagagge mai tushe haɓaka, a matsayin mai mulkin, har zuwa tsayin mita ɗaya da rabi.

Tsarin rhizome shine sinuous, woody, tare da tushen tushen tushen mai yawa wanda zai samar da tsarin ingantaccen tsari.

Mai tushe. The harbe na farko shekara ne ciyawa, kore tare da mai laushi shafi, m, an rufe da bakin ciki, yawanci m dada spikes.

Ganyen suna daɗaɗɗa, madadin, petiolate, hadaddun, tare da ganyayyaki 3-7, kore mai duhu a sama, yadudduka a ƙasa, fitsarin ƙananan gashi.

Furannin furen fari ne, kimanin 1 cm a kewayen, an tattara su a cikin ƙaramar tseran tsefe, wanda ke kan saman mai tushe ko a cikin ƙwayoyin ganyayyaki. Petals guntu fiye da kofin.

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ƙananan ƙananan daskararrun gashi ne, ana haɗe su a kan kantin kayan shiga cikin' ya'yan itace hadaddun. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ba wai kawai a harbe na shekara ta biyu ba. A cikin yankuna na kudanci, 'ya'yan itatuwa ma sun bayyana a kan harbe farkon shekarar a tsakiyar kaka. Wadannan harbe sun zama launin ruwan kasa da launin ruwan kasa, rassa masu rassa tare da fure fure suna girma daga axils na ganye. Nan da nan bayan fruiting, rassan gefen sun bushe, amma sabon mai tushe ya girma daga wannan tushe na shekara mai zuwa.

A tsakiyar Rasha, raspberries Bloom daga Yuni zuwa Yuli, wani lokacin har sai Agusta.

Ed Hedwig Storch

A cikin irin game 250 (a cewar wasu kafofin har zuwa 600) jinsunanmafi yawa musamman a Arewacin Hemisphere. Kimanin nau'ikan 30 da kuma wasu nau'ikan halittu masu yawa suna girma a Rasha, waɗanda aka sanya suna daban:

Rubus idaeus - rasberi, gandun daji
Rubus fructicosus - blackberry launin toka (ƙona, shingehog)
Rubus chamaemorus - Cloudberry squat
Rubus caesius - blackberry (burn, hedgehog)
Rubus saxatilis - kashin dutsen
Rubus arcticus - gimbiya (rasberi) arctic, woodland, mamura
Rubus armeniacus - Armenian ko Himalayan blackberry
Rubus sachalinensis - Sakhalin raspberries
Rubus nessensis - Cumanica
Rubus candicans
Rubus odoratus - rasberi
Rubus humulifolius
Rubus matsumuranus
Rubus nemorosa
Rubus glaucus - annoba
Rubus neveus - Mysore raspberries

1. Rasberi mai kamshi - Rubus odoratus.

Yana girma cikin daji akan dutsen dutsen da ke gabashin Arewacin Amurka.

M shrub zuwa 3 m tsayi (a al'adunsu ba fi 1.5), tare da m launin ruwan kasa harbe exfoliating haushi. Matasa harbe suna da gashi da gashi, mai launin shuɗi, mai launin fari, ba tare da kashin baya ba. Ganyayyaki masu sauki ne, babba, har zuwa 20 cm, 3-5-lobed, tare da kaifi, ovate-triangular lobes, mai kama da Maple (don wannan kamannin, wasu marubutan sun bambanta wannan nau'in a matsayin wata ɗabi'a daban kuma suna kira shi "rasberi"). Ganyen ganye mai launin kore ne, mai walƙwalwa a ɓangarorin biyu, glandular, akan dogayen petiole. Babban, har zuwa 5 cm a diamita, furanni ruwan hoda-m (sananne da fararen launuka) tare da ƙanshin mai daɗi, guda ɗaya ko tattara a cikin gajeren paniculate inflorescences, densely dasa tare da dogon, glandular hairs; Bloom a farkon rabin Yuni, yin ado da shuka a cikin bazara. 'Ya'yan itãcen har zuwa 1 cm, hemispherical, oblate, haske ja, m, edible, amma' yan kaxan. Bar bar juya launin rawaya a ƙarshen Satumba.

Winter-Hardy, ko da yake ƙarshen harbe a latitude na Moscow sau da yawa daskare. An ba da shawarar ranar shimfidar wuri mai sauri, a matsayin ƙasa a cikin wuraren shakatawa na gandun daji, don ƙyalƙyarawa. A al'ada tun daga 1770. Ana iya samunsa lokaci-lokaci a cikin shimfidar wurare na Arkhangelsk, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk da sauran biranen.

2. kyawawan rasberi - Rubus deliciosus

M, m shimfida deciduous shrub har zuwa 3 m tsayi, gama gari a cikin yammacin yankuna na Arewacin Amirka. Haushi akan harbe shine launin toka mai duhu, ba da dadewa ba. Matasa harbe suna a hankali pubescent. Ganyen suna da sauki, mai kamannin koda ko kuma ya wuce, har zuwa 7 cm tsawo, 3-5-lobed, mara kyau, da ɗan tunannin ganye na innabi, amma karami kuma mai taushi, koren duhu, mai duhu. Furanni suna da fararen fata, manyan, har zuwa 5 cm a diamita, guda, tare da ƙanshin mai daɗi mai daɗi. Flowing yana da yawa, mai launi, mai tsawon kwanaki 20. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna hemispherical, har zuwa 1.5 cm, shuɗi mai duhu, bushe, m.

Yana da kyau a kowane lambu, filin shakatawa, murabba'i, musamman a cikin ƙasa saukowa a cikin kife. A al'ada tun daga 1870.

Eli Ulf Eliasson

3. Rashanyar Hawthorn - Rubus crataegifolius.

Wannan asali na gabashin gabashin nesa shine ya bambanta sosai da sanannun 'ya'yan itace daji m., kuma suna girma da shi, da farko, a matsayin tsire-tsire na ornamental, ko da yake 'ya'yan itaciyar suna daɗaɗɗe, amma acidic kuma sun ƙunshi yawancin tsaba masu wuya. A cikin al'ada a Rasha, dasa a cikin lambunan Botanical.

A cikin yanayin, daji ya kai tsayin 1-2 m, girman saɓo ɗaya ne samfurori waɗanda aka girma a cikin Moscow.
Yana fure daga tsakiyar Yuni zuwa Agusta. Otsan buɗe ido launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ko launin ruwan kasa-ja, furrowed, lokacin farin ciki, yin salo a cikin ɓangaren na sama, an rufe shi da spikes da pubescent. Looksan daji yana kallon kayan ado saboda gaskiyar cewa harbe suna mai daɗaɗa arcuate, musamman a cikin ɓangaren babba. Ganyayyaki, sabanin yawancin nau'in raspberries, masu sauki ne, uku-ko biyar-lobed, kore mai duhu, yadudduka a garesu, an zazzage su a gefen, har zuwa 12 cm tsayi. Launin kakarsu yana da kyau sosai, ya zama launin rawaya, lemo, ja mai duhu. Furanni har zuwa 2 cm a diamita, fararen, aka tattara a cikin apical drooping inflorescences.

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne mai duhu ja, m, mai dadi da m, m hadaddun drupes, fused tare da tushe, ripening a farkon watan Agusta. Blossoms da 'ya'yan itace tun shekaru 5.

Ya girma da kyau a kan gaskiya m, dan kadan podzolic kasa, tolerates shading, amma blooms da Bears 'ya'yan itace mafi kyau a wurare masu haske. Dasa dasa a watan Afrilu da Oktoba. Tun lokacin da shuka ke tsiro a matsayin shuki, duk tsohuwar iri harbe a cikin kaka yanke zuwa biyu ko uku ƙananan buds, wannan yana ƙarfafa samuwar sabon harbe a bazara. Yana da damuna-hunturu a tsakiyar layin, kodayake harbe-harbe, kamar ciyawa, mutu a lokacin hunturu, amma girma da sauri a cikin bazara.

Farfagandar ta iri iri da kuma yayan itace (cuttings bayar da babban yawan rooting lokacin da sarrafa wani BCI na 0.01%), tushen zuriya, kafa a sa, ta hanyar rarraba bushes.
Dasa a cikin bushes guda ɗaya, ƙungiyoyi, ya tafi don ƙirƙirar shinge da shinge marasa shinge, kan iyakoki. Ana amfani da ganyen gyada na yankin don abinci a yankin na halitta.

4. Rasberi na gama gari - Rubus idaeus.

Rasberi talakawa - wani ɗan ƙaramin itace mai shudewa tare da madaidaiciyar tushe, har zuwa 180 cm tsayi. Harbe na farkon shekara sune kore, bakarare, dasa tare da ƙaya, na biyu - fruiting, dan kadan woody. Ganyen mai madadin ne, mara shiri, tare da 3-5, wasu lokuta 7 ganye, bare a sama, farare a ƙasa. Furannin furanni masu kama ne, masu launin kore-kore, biyar-lobed, suka taru a cikin goge-goge. 'Ya'yan itacen - rasberi-ja hadaddun drupes, a sauƙaƙe keɓewa daga rakodin kayan conical. Yana blooms a watan Yuni da Yuli. 'Ya'yan itãcen sun girma cikin Yuli-Agusta.

Rashen gama gari ana samun yaduwar su a yankuna na tsakiya da arewacin, cikin Urals da Siberiya. A cikin daji, raspberries sun zama ruwan dare a cikin gandun daji da kuma sassan gandun daji na ɓangaren Turai na CIS, a Yammacin Siberiya, Caucasus, Crimea da wasu sassa na Tsakiyar Asiya.

A matsayin kayan albarkatun ƙasa, ana amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa.. Ana girbe su da cikakkiyar balaga ba tare da rarar kayayyaki ba. Ana aiwatar da tarin ne kawai a cikin yanayin bushewa bayan raɓa ta bushe, an girka berries cikin ƙananan kwanduna. Abubuwan da aka tattara na kayan tsabtace tsabtace na ganye, rassan, 'ya'yan itatuwa da aka lalace ba da gangan ba a ciki kuma an bushe shi a cikin iska. Dole ne a bushe raspberries a rana ko a cikin tanda mai sanyi a zazzabi na 50-60 ° C, shimfiɗa ta tare da bakin ciki kuma a hankali juya. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari bushewa ne mai ɗaukar hoto mai kama da launi ko shuɗi mai launi tare da keɓaɓɓen (30-60) launuka mai launin shuɗi-rasberi. Smellanshin tabbatacce ne, mai daɗi, dandano mai daɗin rai ne. Ana adana kayan ƙwari a cikin ɗakin bushe a cikin akwati mai kauri.

Dukiya mai amfani

Berries rasberi sun ƙunshi malic, citric, nailan, formic da salicylic acid, bitamin C da rukunin B, carotene, sucrose, glucose, fructose, tannins, cyanidin chloride. Tsaba ta ƙunshi kusan 15% mai mai.

Ana ɗaukan Berry bishiyun mahimmanci. - 'Ya'yan itaciyarta su ƙanana da acidic fiye da na lambun, amma sun fi ƙanshi, ƙarancin ruwa kuma an kiyaye su sosai yayin bushewa.

Sakamakon diaphoretic da antipyretic na raspberries, hade da kasancewar acid na salicylic a ciki, an san shi tun a tarihi. Tea daga 'ya'yan itatuwa bushe shine ingantaccen magani don mura. A cikin magungunan mutane, ana amfani da rassalak don inganta narkewa, tare da cututtukan fata, anemia, ciwon ciki, da zazzaɓi. Infusions da decoctions na rasberi ganye ana ɗauka ta baki a matsayin astringent don zawo, ciwan ciki da na cikin mahaifa, cututtukan hanji mai kumburi, da kuma a cikin nau'i na rinses na tonsillitis da catarrh na babba na numfashi fili. Ana amfani da adon furanni don wanke fuska tare da erysipelas, kuraje da wankewar ido tare da conjunctivitis. Ana amfani da infusions na ganye da furanni don basur da cututtukan cututtukan mahaifa, kuma ana amfani da ganyen ganye tare da potash a matsayin magani na gida don bushe gashi baki.

A cikin ilimin likitanci, ana amfani da bushewar raspberries a matsayin diaphoretic don maganin sanyi daban-daban.

Don shirya jiko, 2 tablespoons na busasshen 'ya'yan itace rasberi an brewed tare da gilashin ruwan zãfi, nace a cikin rufaffiyar jirgin ruwa na sa'o'i da yawa, sannan a tace. An yarda da zafi. 'Ya'yan itacen Rasberi wani ɓangare ne na sweatshops No. 1 da Na 2.

Industryungiyar tana samar da syry rasberi, wanda ake amfani dashi a cikin magunguna don inganta dandano da kwayoyi.

Iri na raspberries

Farkowa da wuri

Jirgin saman Scarlet. Isan daji yana da ƙarfi, harbe yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi a cikin ƙananan sashi, madaidaiciya-girma, tare da drooping fiɗa, mai yiwuwa ga alama, mafi girma (har zuwa 2.2 m), ja mai haske a cikin kaka, samuwar harbi yana da kyau (9 - guda 11 a kowane daji). Winter-Hardy, a cikin mai tsananin sanyi, lokacin da babban koda ya daskare, yakan samar da wata amfanin gona saboda alkalami. Yawan aiki har zuwa kilogram 1.7 na berries daga daji. Berry yana yin nauyin 2.5 - 2.7 g, zagaye-conical, launi mai laushi, amfani na duniya. Tsayayya da manyan cututtukan fungal. Lura da rasberi da gizo-gizo mites, kula da mycoplasma girma.
Runaway. Ya shahara sosai a tsakanin lambu mai son. Isan daji yana da matsakaici-matsakaici (1.7 - 2.0 m), dan kadan yaduwa, harbe suna madaidaici-girma, kusan ba tare da ƙaya ba, ta hanyar kaka suna da launin ruwan kasa, kayan harbi suna da kyau (7 - 9 guda a kowane daji). High hunturu hardiness. Yawan aiki yana da kyau - har zuwa kilogiram 2 na berries daga daji. Berries na-matsakaici (2.5 - 3 g), launi mai launin zinari-mai haske, dandano mai kyau tare da ƙanshin mai daɗi, ba mai ɗaukar kaya ba.
Meteor. Isan daji yana da ƙarfi, na matsakaiciyar tsayi (1.8 - 2 m), madaidaici-girma, ya ɗanɗaɗa kaɗan, tare da ingantaccen damar iya harbawa, da ɗan gyara kaɗan. Hunturu-Hardy, samar da gwaggwabar riba - har zuwa kilogiram 2 daga daji. A iri-iri sosai a farkon (a karshen Yuni) da kuma dan kadan m ripening. Yana buɗe lokacin cinyewar raspberries. The berries ne matsakaici-sized (2.7 - 3 g), jan yaƙutu, zagaye-conical, dandano mai kyau, mai kamshi. Yin tsayayya da manyan cututtuka.
Da wuri zakiyi. Dajin yana da tsayi (2 - 2.5 m), Semi-yada. Tushen Tushen a gindi, mai lankwasa a sama na sama, farashi, tare da waxy shafi, a cikin fall tare da m tan, matsakaici shoot samuwar. Hardness na hunturu ya yi yawa, yawan amfanin ƙasa (1.2 - 1.5 kilogiram a kowane daji). The berries kananan - har zuwa 2 g, zagaye-conical, ja, mai kyau iyawa, tare da ƙarfi ƙanshi daga cikin mafi kyawun siffofin gandun daji raspberries, ba-hawa. Tsayayya da manyan cututtukan fungal.
Rana. Dajin yana da tsayi-tsayi, harbe-tsayi masu tsayi ne (1.8 - 2 m), spiky, mai iko, tare da sashi na sama, raguwa yana da matsakaici. Hardness na hunturu yana da matsakaici, har zuwa 1.5 kilogiram na berries daga daji. A berries manyan ne (3.5 - 4 g), zagaye-conical, rasberi, tare da m ɓangaren litattafan almara mai ƙanshi, mai daɗi da ƙamshi, da kyakkyawan dandano. Matsakaici yana tsayayya da manyan cututtukan fungal.
Wani abin mamakin farko. Daji ne matsakaici-sized, rabin yada, harbe suna mike-girma, karfi sosai, tare da kadan waxy Bloom, da samuwar shoot ne matsakaita. Winter-Hardy, in mun gwada da fari-resistant, samar da har zuwa 1.5 kilogiram na berries daga daji. The berries ne matsakaici-sized (2.5 - 3 g), bluntly conical, ja, mai kyau iyawa. Tsayayya da manyan cututtukan fungal.
Mai yawa - a kan tsawa mai tsayin mita biyu mai zurfi da girma sosai mai ruwan hoda mai haske (4-10 kuma ƙari gram) ripen, mai yawa, mai ɗaukar kaya.
Harshen Cumberland- raspasashen launin baƙar fata iri-iri. Yana da sanyi-hunturu (yana tsayayya da sanyi har zuwa 30 ° C) kuma yana da matukar ado. A kan bushes 1.5-2 mita high, dotted da yawa ƙaya, mai dadi, zagaye, baki-violet m berries ripen. Kuma wannan ba duk fa'idodi bane. 'Cumberland' yana tsayayya da cuta, berries yana haɗu tare kuma kada ku yi crumple yayin sufuri.

Iri na matsakaici ripening

Larabawa - karamin daji na wannan rasberi ya girma har zuwa 1.5-2 m. Mai burgundy ja mai haske mai nauyi mai nauyin 4-8 g. Yawancin suna unpreentious, saba da shi har zuwa yanayin m
Arbat - matsakaici-sized iko, yaduwa bushes sun rataye tare da manyan, duhu ja berries. Thearancin da aka saba da shi shine 4-12 g, amma akwai wasu berriesan girma berries - har zuwa g 18. hardarfin hunturu matsakaici ne hasara iri-iri - cikin sanyi mai sanyi kana buƙatar tanƙwara harbe kuma ya rufe su da dusar ƙanƙara.
Balm Isan daji yana da matsakaici-matsakaici, tsayin tsayi shine 1.7 - 1.8 m, suna girma-matsakaici, matsakaici farashi, matsakaiciyar harbi. An bambanta ta high hunturu hardness da yawan aiki (har zuwa 2.2 kilogiram na berries daga daji). Berries na matsakaici (2.5 - 3 g), launin jan yaƙutu, truncated-conic, kyakkyawan dandano mai ɗanɗano. A iri-iri ne Hardy zuwa babban fungal cututtuka, dan kadan lalace ta gizo-gizo mite, tsayayya da lalata haushi da kuma hunturu mai tushe desiccation.
Manyan rawaya - mai gyaran iri-iri na itace mai girma. Tsarin daji na mita ɗaya da rabi yana ba da manyan rawaya mai haske da matsakaici (4-8 g).
Crane. Kurmi shine matsakaici, matsakaici. Otsan buɗe ido suna da matsakaici (1.7 - 2 m), lokacin farin ciki, madaidaiciya, dan kadan mai tsayi, tsinkaye matsakaiciyar matsakaici, tabbatarwa. Winter-Hardy, m (har zuwa 2 kilogiram a kowane daji). The berries ne matsakaici-sized (2.7 - 3.5 g), bluntly conical, yaƙutu, mai yawa, mai kyau dandano. In mun gwada da wuya don fungal cututtuka, resistant zuwa rasberi mites.
Kirzhach. A daji ne mai iko, dan kadan yada, tare da babban shoot-forming ikon, m harbe, dan kadan farashi. Winter-Hardy, high-samar da gwaggwabar riba (har zuwa 2 kg a kowace daji), matsakaici-sized berries (2.8 - 3 g), m-conical, manufa ta duniya. In mun gwada da tsayayya wa fungal cututtuka da rasberi mite.
Harshen Cumberland. Iyakar abin da zoned rasberi iri-iri a Rasha. A daji na matsakaici tsawo (1.5 - 2 m), tare da arched mai lankwasa harbe, an rufe shi da yawa kaifi spikes da wani lokacin farin ciki waxy shafi. Ba ya kafa tushen zuriya. Propagated by root na fi na harbe. Hardness na hunturu matsakaici ne, yana da kyau a rufe harbe da dusar ƙanƙara. Yawan aiki na iya isa 1.7 - 2 kilogiram na berries daga daji. A berries kananan - har zuwa 2 g, zagaye, baƙar fata-violet, m, tare da wani farin launi a tsakanin drupe, mai dadi, tare da taɓa blackberry, hawa. Hardy zuwa manyan cututtuka da kwari na raspberries.
Lazarevskaya. Isan daji yayi ƙasa da ƙasa (1.5 - 1.8 m), yana girma-tsaye, yadu kaɗan. Harbe suna bakin ciki, madaidaiciya, mai yiwuwa ga jigilar kaya, dan kadan, launin ruwan kasa, ƙawancin harba ya yi yawa (har zuwa 15 - guda 20 a kowane daji). Winter-Hardy, yawan aiki mai girma - har zuwa kilogiram 2.2 na berries daga daji. The berries ne matsakaici-sized (2.6 - 3.5 g), elongated-conical, maras ban sha'awa ja, mai kyau dandano, tare da mai rauni ƙanshi. Matsakaici resistant ga fungal cututtuka. Hypersensitive zuwa rasberi mites.
Sakamako. Daji yana da matsakaici-matsakaici (1.7 - 2 m), yaduwa, tare da ƙirƙirar harbi matsakaici. Harbe suna madaidaiciya, lokacin farin ciki, matsakaici, burgundy a kaka. Winter-Hardy, samar har zuwa 2 kilogiram na berries daga daji. Berries na matsakaici matsakaici (2.5 - 3 g), elongated-conical, ja, dandano mai kyau, tare da ƙanshi irin na Rasberi. Matsakaici Hardy don cututtukan fungal. Hypersensitive zuwa rasberi mites, harba gall midges, mycoplasma wilting.
Hauka Lilac - bushan ƙaramin digiri ɗaya da rabi yana gudana tare da ja mai haske, mai haske, babban berries (4-10 g). Siffar iri-iri shine tsayayya da ƙwayoyin cuta.
Gashi. Isan daji yana da ƙarfi-matsakaici, nau'in matsawa, tare da ikon harba mai matsakaici. Otsan buɗe ido suna kusan ba mai zane ba, mai tsayi (1.8 - 2.2 m), madaidaici, mai yiwuwa ga yin alama. Winter-Hardy, samar da barga da kuma high - har zuwa 2.2 kilogiram na berries daga daji. A berries ne matsakaici-sized (3 - 3,5 g), zagaye-conical, amfani duniya. Hardy zuwa babban fungal cututtuka da rasberi kaska. M zuwa gizo-gizo mites.
Aboki. Daji ne mai matsakaici-tsayi, tare da iko na harbi mai matsakaici, harbe 1.8 - 2 m, mai ƙarfi, mai girma, mai tsayi-tsayi. Winter-Hardy da 'ya'yan itace - har zuwa 2 kilogiram na berries daga daji. Ni shekaru masu matsakaici ne (2.7 - 3,5 g), mai yawa, warwara, rasberi duhu, amfanin duniya. Resistant zuwa fungal cututtuka, in mun gwada da resistant ga gizo-gizo mites, kula da harba da callicides da rasberi mites.
Tarusa - guda daya da rabi mita daji tare da daidaitattun harbe - bishiyar rasberi wanda baya buƙatar tallafi. Na farko irin wannan aji. Manyan (4-12 g) haske mai haske mai launin ja, mai yawa, mai ɗaukar hoto.

Iri na marigayi ripening

Kunya. A daji ne m, na matsakaici tsawo (1.8 - 2 m) tare da matsakaici adadin iko madaidaiciya-harbi rauni harbe, na matsakaici shoot-forming ikon. Hardness na hunturu shine matsakaici, yawan aiki mai girma (har zuwa kilogiram na 2.2 na berries daga daji). The berries ne babba (3.2 - 3.8 g), rasberi duhu, mai yawa, zagaye na conical, dandano mai kyau. Cututtukan naman kaza sun lalace har zuwa matsakaici. M zuwa rasberi mite. In mun gwada da tsayayya wa m gizo-gizo, anthracnose da fari.
Latham. Bred a cikin Amurka. Isan daji yana da matsakaici-matsakaici (1.6 - 1.8 m), karamin aiki, ɗaukar hoto mai girma. The harbe ne matsakaici-na bakin ciki, madaidaiciya, farashi, tare da lokacin farin ciki waxy shafi, a cikin fall - mai haske ja. Winter-Hardy, yawan aiki 1,7 - 2 kilogiram na berries daga wani daji. Berries masu nauyin har zuwa 2.5 - 2.8 g, zagaye, ja, dandano mediocre tare da ƙanshin mai ƙanshi. Yana tsayayya da haɓakar mycoplasma da bushewar hunturu. Matsakaici na haƙuri ga cututtukan fungal da cututtukan hoto.

Gyara maki

Indar bazara. Daji ne matsakaici-sized, yaduwa, ikon yin forming ne matsakaici, da harbe suna madaidaici, sa alama sosai, yankin fruiting ya wuce rabin su tsawo. Lokacin girbi na kaka - har zuwa 1 kg daga daji, kuma a cikin wasu yankuna na kudu - 1.5 - 2 kg. The berries ne matsakaici-sized (3 - 3,5 g), zagaye-conical, mai kyau dandano, duniya manufa. 'Ya'yan fari na farko sun girma kafin farkon sanyi. A cikin tsakiyar Rasha, ana iya samun yawan amfanin ƙasa zuwa kashi 50 - 70%.

Ty Bill Tyne

Girma

Rasberi - ɗan itacen da ya ƙunshi tsarin tushen perennial da sassan m a cikin nau'i na shekara-shekara da shekara biyu da harbe. Tushen tushen rasberi ana wakiltar shi ta hanyar rhizome - tushe mai tushe, matatun kusa da ita sun bar shi da 1.5 - 2 m kuma suna cikin ƙasa 10 - 50 cm ƙasa. A cikin zurfi, Tushen zai iya shiga zuwa mita biyu ko fiye.

Zai fi kyau dasa bishiyoyi a cikin kaka ko a bazara. Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin kaka, bushes spud don hunturu;. Don dasa, an zaɓi seedlingsan itace masu kauri tare da ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin tushen fibrous da wani ɓangaren da ya balaga. An tsinka tsintsiya cikin mai magana, a sa rami a shayar da shi.

Hanyoyi biyu na girma na raspberries sun zama gama gari - tare da adana daidaikun mutane na daji da kintinkiri. Lokacin da aka kafa daji akan kowane yanki mai shuka a ƙarshen shekara ta biyu, an bar ragowar ƙaƙƙarfan 8-10, ana cire ragowar raunanan rauni lokaci-lokaci. Saitin tef na raspberries shine ƙirƙirar tsiri tsirrai. Don yin wannan, a waje da tsiri a kullun cire duk harbe, kuma a cikin tef - ƙarin harbe mai rauni. Hanyar tef na tsire-tsire masu girma suna ba ka damar samun amfanin gona mafi girma, kuma tef ɗin kanta na iya zama shinge. A cikin yankunan kewayen birni, yana da kyau a shuka raspberries akan pylons. Wannan ya sauƙaƙa sauƙi don kulawa da girbi. Daure harbe suna da kyau hasken, ci gaba da yawan inflorescences, a sakamakon bayar da amfanin gona mafi girma na high quality. A kan harbe-harbe na shekara-shekara a shekarar da suka girma, a cikin axils na ganye fure an dage farawa, mafi yawan lokuta biyu tare: ɗaya babba, mafi girma, na biyu karami.

Raspberries a wuri guda na iya girma har zuwa shekaru 15 - 20, amma lokacin mafi yawan amfanin gona ya wuce shekaru 10 - 12. A wannan lokaci, rhizome yana tsufa, harbe suna karami, ana rage yawan amfanin gona, kuma dole ne a tumbuke bushes.

A tsawon rai da kuma yawan aiki na raspberries an m da nazarin halittu halaye na iri-iri, hunturu wuya da kuma matakin fasahar aikin gona yi amfani.

Rasberi shine amfanin gona mai rauni, harbe da kuma buds a ƙarshen harbe suna fama da sanyi. Zafin -30 ° C yana da illa mai kyau a kan shuka, musamman idan tsire-tsire basu gama girma ba a yanayin da ya dace a lokacin bazara.

Rasberi ba ya yi haƙuri fari ko matsanancin m kasa. Yana girma sosai kuma yana bada 'ya'ya akan sako-sako, ƙoshin abinci mai narkewa a ƙasa.

Rasberi shine al'ada mai saurin girma, shi ya riga ya shekara ta biyu bayan dasa ya fara aiki. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari da kyau kuma a shekara.

Rasberi kyakkyawan shuka ne na zuma, ana ziyartar furannin ƙudan zuma har ma da ruwan sama.

Shekarun sabo ne sabo a takaice: wata rana, biyu da karfi. Idan raspberries ba su yi ƙasa a rana ta huɗu ba, to, za su cire hat ɗin su kafin wannan matakin.

Don ɗaukar berries wani wuri azaba ɗaya ce: ba za su iya tsayawa kan hanya ba. Sabili da haka, da zarar an tattara su, duk abin da ba a cinye shi nan da nan ba, suna ƙoƙari su tafasa nan da nan, bushe, daskarewa - a cikin kalma, kawo su cikin wani tsayayyen jihar don adana ƙanshin rasberi mai ban mamaki har matuƙar.

Ana amfani da Raspberries don yin jam, marmalade, caramel cika, syrups, giya, kuma a bushe su.

A cikin shekarar farko, harbin ya girma cikin tsayi da kauri kuma baya kafa rassa.

A cikin shekara ta biyu, harbi ba ya yin girma, amma buds a kai ya fara girma kuma ya samar da rassa na rassan tsayi daban-daban.

Fewan itace kaɗan na rassan fruitan itacen da aka kafa daga buds na ƙananan ɓangaren harba, kuma buds a ƙarshen lokacin harbe har abada daskarewa ko berries waɗanda aka kafa daga gare su ƙanana kaɗan ne.

A seedling biennial harbe bushe kuma mutu, kuma sabon harbe girma kusa da rhizome located a cikin ƙasa.

A karkashin kasa ɓangare na raspberries ne perennial. Ya ƙunshi rhizomes, daga abin da, kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, Tushen gefen gefen ya shimfiɗa ta duk hanyoyi. Tushen rasberi suna cikin ƙasa a zurfin 10 zuwa 50 cm, gwargwadon kauri daga ƙasa. Zuwa gefen daji, Tushen ya bazu a cikin radius na 1.5 - 2.0 m.

Daga adnexal buds da ke kan rhizomes da asalinsu, sababbin harbe-harbe na shekara-shekara suna girma yayin kakar girma.

Otsan buɗe ido da suka bayyana a farkon bazara suna girma sosai, suna kaiwa ga tsayinta na al'ada ta kaka - an barsu don maye gurbin manyan harbe.

Abubuwan harbe da suka bayyana a rabin rabin bazara na girma a hankali, basu da mahimmanci, ana bada shawara a hallaka su.

Maksim

Cututtuka Rasberi da Karin kwari

Anthracnose. Yana shafar matasa harbe, ganye, petioles da berries. Cutar a kan harbe bayyana kanta a cikin hanyar zagaye (m) tawayar aibobi (ulcers), na farko purple, to, launin toka, ƙulla da wani ja-violet kan iyaka. Abubuwan da ke tattare da tabo suna fitowa akan leafanyen ganye, kuma raunin ya bayyana a kan berries, sai su bushe, suna haifar da mutuwar ganye da petioles. Gobara da berries suma sun bushe. Tare da mummunan shan kashi, harbe suna lanƙwasa, dakatar da haɓaka har ma sun mutu (ciki har da harbe shekaru biyu).

Haske fari. A causative wakili overwinters a kan tarkace na shuka. Yana shafar ganye da mai tushe. Rounded whitish aibobi tare da bakin ciki launin ruwan kasa iyakar bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki, da kyallen takarda a tsakiyar wadannan aibobi crumble. The mai tushe an rufe blurish aibanta spots, haushi a kansu aka fashe da peeling. Tare da mummunan shan kashi, mai tushe zai iya mutuwa.

Haske mai tabo. A causative wakili overwinter a kan tarkace na shuka. Yana shafar mai tushe, buds, petioles na ganye, ƙasa da yawa - ganye. A harbe na shekara-shekara, aibobi masu launin shuɗi mai haske, waɗanda sannu-sannu suka zama ja-kasa-kasa. Tsari, girma, haɗu kuma suna iya rufewa zuwa 1/3 na harbi tare da tsawon kuma “ringi” shi. A sakamakon wannan, harbe-harbe sun zama marasa ƙarfi, da sauƙi sun fashe kuma suka mutu.

Grey rot. Yana shafar berries da harbe. Kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa yayin fure. Berries da aka shafa suna lalacewa, basu dace da amfani ba. A kan matasa harbe a cikin internodes, elongated spots bayyana, suna da bayyanar alamun alamun ruwa a cikin kaka da hunturu. A cikin hunturu, ɓawon burodi a cikin wuraren da abun ya shafa, jikin 'ya'yan itace baƙar fata daga naman gwari ana gani a cikin fasa. Irin waɗannan harbe suna mutu a lokacin hunturu. Haɓaka cutar ta taimaka ga yanayin sanyi da laima.

Powdery Mildew Ya shafi berries da wuraren girma na harbe matasa, kazalika da matasa ganye. Cutar na tasowa musamman ma sosai a cikin gumi da dumi yanayi. A kan sassan da abin ya shafa, aibobi suka bayyana, an rufe su da farin cobwebous mai launin toka (kamar an yayyafa shi da gari). Berries basu da kulawa, ingancinsu yana raguwa sosai kuma basu dace da amfani ba.

Stephen Ben Stephenson