Ana samun wakilan kwayoyin halittar cikin daji a cikin kasashen Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. Ana noma Marigolds a Mexico, Chile, Brazil, Faransa, Maroko, Belgium, Kongo, da sauransu A cikin ƙasarmu, ana samun ƙananan marigolds a yammacin Transcaucasia a matsayin tsire-tsire na baƙi. Marigolds an horar da shi sosai kamar yadda ake shuka ciyawa, musamman iri tare da manyan furanni.
Marigolds. Ko Nickolas TitkovMarigolds (lat. Tagetes) - asalin halittar shekara-shekara da tsire-tsire iri-iri daga dangin Astrovidae, ko Compositae. Sun zo daga Amurka, inda suke girma daga New Mexico da Arizona zuwa Argentina. Gashi mai tushe yayi daidai, wanda aka jera shi, ya samar da karamin ko doguwar daji tare da tsayin 20 zuwa 120 cm. Tushen tushe yana da fadi.
Bar - cirrus da aka watsa ko cirrostratus, da wuya duka, dentate, daga haske zuwa duhu kore, kishiyar ko a cikin tsari na gaba, tare da glandar translucent.
Inflorescences kwanduna ne, mai sauƙi ko sau biyu, rawaya, ruwan lemo ko launin ruwan kasa. Shugabannin wakilan wannan dabi'ar suna da matsakaiciyar matsakaici, tare da bargo mai silima wanda ya kunshi layi ɗaya na ganye na falle tare; furanni mata na yanki - ciyawa; layin achenes, kunkuntar gindi. Bloom profusely daga Yuni zuwa sanyi.
'Ya'yan itace ne mai baki ko baƙi mai ruwan-ƙasa mai rauni mai rauni. Tsaba ta tabbata har tsawon shekaru 3-4. A cikin 1 g daga 280 zuwa 700 tsaba.
Warin tsirrai, na tunannin asters, takamaiman, don wani na iya zama mara daɗi. Tagetes patula L. yawanci ana bred, tare da harshe rawaya da madaidaitan rassa.
Marigolds. Aco Taco WitteGirma
Mutane da yawa lambu san marigolds su ne quite unpretentious kuma ba wuya kan girma yanayin shuka. Wannan bayani gaskiya ne musamman ga ƙirar marigolds, waɗanda ke haɓaka sosai har ma da manyan hanyoyin mota, masu haƙuri da mummunan tasirin gas mai ƙarewa, yanayin ƙasa mara kyau da hayaki mai birni.
Kusan dukkanin tsire-tsire sun fi son bude ƙasa, kodayake idan aka dasa su a wani yanki mai banƙyama na gonar, har yanzu za su faranta maka rai da furannin da ba za a iya mantawa da su ba. Shouldasa don shuka da haɓaka marigolds ya kamata a zaɓa m, tsaka tsaki, loamy, tare da ingantaccen matakin kulawa na yau da kullun. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa marigolds madaidaiciya sun fi son wuraren da ke da rana kuma suna da m sosai don yin fure a cikin inuwa.
Marigolds suna son halayen kulawa da kulawa, godiya ga maigidansu ta yawan girma da ba da yalwar fure da tsayi. Don shuka ku ya bunkasa lafiya akan ƙasa mara kyau, kuna buƙatar ciyar da marigold akai-akai, aƙalla sau 2-3 akan duk lokacin girma.
Wadannan tsire-tsire za a iya girma a cikin tukwane, kwalliya mara nauyi, zane-zane da gadaje na fure a kan baranda ko a gonar, daban ko tare da sauran tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara, tare da yin ado da gadaje na fure da kan iyakoki tare da su, wanda ke sa marigolds kawai shuka mai mahimmanci don ado.
Amfani mai mahimmanci na waɗannan furanni masu ban mamaki shine karuwar juriya ga kwari da cututtuka daban-daban. Phytoncides da ke cikin marigold ganye suna cike da kwari masu cutarwa. Koyaya, wani lokacin baƙar fata, launin toka, tushen ruɓa, cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtukan nematode suna shafar tsire-tsire, wanda a cikin yanayin akwai buƙatar ɗaukar matakan sarrafa kwari don magance kwari.
Marigolds. © KENPEIKiwo
A tsaba. Marigolds za a iya shuka a cikin ƙasa a cikin marigayi Mayu - farkon Yuni. Harbi yana bayyana kwanaki 5-10 bayan shuka. Yana da kyau a rufe ƙasa da kayan da ba a saka ba (acrylic, lutrasil). A wannan yanayin, zaku iya shuka mako guda da rabi a baya fiye da yadda aka saba don haka inganta hanzarin fure.
Lokacin da girma seedlings a baya fiye da wasu, a tsakiyar Maris, marigolds ana shuka su ne a tsaye. Marigolds ƙi da bakin ciki-leaved ana shuka su a farkon Afrilu. Kasancewar waɗannan jerin lokutan, furannin dukkan halittu uku za su fara a watan Yuni. Marigold seedlings za a iya samun sauƙin girma a ɗaka a ƙarƙashin taga mai haske, har ma mafi kyau a cikin fim na greenhouses inda tsire-tsire za su kasance mafi ƙarfi. Don seedlings ya zama lafiya, kuna buƙatar sako-sako, ƙasa mai gina jiki (1 part humus + 1 part peat + 1 part sod ƙasar + 0.5 sassan yashi), har ma da zafin jiki na 18-22 ° C da matsakaici watering. Marigolds ƙi ba su da wuya a kan ƙasa da zazzabi. Kodayake ana ɗaukar 'yan marigold seedlings marasa fasali, yana da kyau ɗaukar ƙasa sabo don shuka, musamman ga marigolds kunkuntar, waɗanda suke da ƙarfi fiye da sauran nau'in ƙafafun baƙar fata.
Ana iya girma 'ya'yan itace a cikin kwali, kwano ko tukunya. A kasan, zuba magudanar ruwa (duwatsun dutse, yumbu mai kaifi, yashi mai kaifi) tare da fenti na 3 cm ko yin ramuka. In ba haka ba, tsire-tsire na iya mutuwa daga cututtukan fungal. Da farko, 2/3 na ƙasa yana zuba a cikin magudanar ruwa, kuma ana shigar da wannan Layer ta hannu ko ta tamping. Na gaba Layer ya kamata sako-sako domin wanda germinating Tushen samun isasshen iska. Soilasa kada ta isa gefen tanki taƙi 1-2 cm. isasar da aka shirya tana zubar da kyau kuma an bar ta kwana ɗaya ko biyu a cikin wurin ɗumi don "ta" numfasa ".
Abubuwan Marigold suna da yawa, sabili da haka, ana iya shimfida su a hankali a cikin tsaran tsaran tsayi daga 1-1.5 cm nisa tsakanin tsintsin kansu kansu 1.5-2 cm.Yawan seedlingsa seedlingsan da ke daɗaɗa suna wahala sosai daga rashin haske da shimfidawa. Za su iya ma yin rashin lafiya tare da “ƙafar baƙar fata”.
Hanya mafi sauki ita ce samun isasshen isasshen yawa ta shuka iri. Don germination, suna buƙatar da za a shimfiɗa su a kan rigar zane a kan saucer kuma saka a cikin jakar filastik, saka a cikin wurin dumi. Bayan kwanaki 2-3, sai 'yan' ya'yan zasu ciji. Abubuwan da aka bazu an rufe su da wani yanki na ƙasa na 0.5-1 cm. Mummunan da aka rufe da ƙyar na iya mutuwa daga bushewa. Idan an binne tsaba sosai cikin ƙasa, ba za su iya tashi ba kwatankwacinsu, musamman ma a cikin kunkuntar marigold. Bayan shuka, an shayar da saman ƙasa a hankali, sannan an rufe shi da takarda. Ana sanya kwantena a cikin wurin dumi (22-25 ° C) kuma a hankali saka idanu danshi ƙasa. Bayan kwanaki 3-7, seedlings zasu bayyana kuma ya kamata a canja kwantena zuwa wuri mai haske a zazzabi kaɗan (18-20 ° C).
Idan har yanzu seedlings yana da kauri, dole ne a diga shi. Ana cire ƙwayar 'ya'yan itace a hankali daga ƙasa mai kyau kuma an dasa shi a cikin rami, zurfafa zuwa cotyledons. Wannan zai taimaka ga samuwar sabbin Tushen. Kyakkyawan seedlings a lokacin dasa suna da nau'i biyu na ganye da tsarin tushen ƙarfi. Ana shuka 'ya'yan itace a cikin ƙasa a cikin ƙarshen Mayu - farkon Yuni. Ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa 1-2 cm zurfi fiye da yadda suka yi girma a da. Nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire ya dogara da nau'in iri da iri. Manyan bishiyoyi da nau'ikan marigolds masu kyau ana shuka su ne bisa ga makircin 40 x 40 cm, nau'ikan matsakaici da F1 hybrids 30 x 30 cm da iri iri da kuma nau'ikan nau'ikan 20 x 20 cm.
Sauƙaƙe yana jurewa da kowane juzu'in, koda a cikin yanayin furanni.
Marigolds. © KENPEIGirbi Marigolds da Ma'aji
Yawancin lokaci ana ɗaukar Marigolds a lokacin taro mai yawa (a matsayin mai mulkin, wannan shine shekaru goma na biyu na Yuli). An yanke furanni a tsayi na 15 cm daga ƙasa kuma kayan albarkatun (mai mahimmanci) ana aika su nan da nan zuwa kamfanin don aiki ko bushe a cikin inuwa.
Gwajin marigolds da aka ambata a sama ana girbe su a lokacin lokacin da tsaba suka girma a tsakiyar harbe da harbe na farkon shuka na shuka. Idan ka jira ɗan lokaci kaɗan lokacin girbin shuka, wannan na iya haifar da zubar da tsaba. Bayan aiwatar da aikin yankan tsirrai, dole ne a kwance hanyoyin aisoshi sosai.
Marananan marigolds ana cire su a lokacin taro na wannan nau'in (a rabin rabin Satumba). Fure furanni (idan zai yiwu) a matakin ƙarfi foliage (a matsayin mai mulkin, yana 30- 35 cm daga ƙasa ƙasa).
Ana girbe tsire-tsire lokacin da tsaba ya girma a cikin tsakiyar harbe da harbe na farkon shuka na shuka. Bayan ba da dadewa bushewa da yanke marigolds a cikin duhu da bushe dakin, da tsaba da shuka suna quite sauƙi cirewa.
Abincin da aka hako don samar da mai mai mahimmanci shine duk tushen ƙasa mai fifikon furanni wanda aka girbe. Marigold man mai mahimmanci yana cikin ƙasa mai kyauta kuma ana sake shi ba tare da takamaiman matsala ba yayin tashin tururi ko haɓakawa tare da daskararru mai narkewa. Idan ana amfani da albarkatun ƙasa a matsayin kayan yaji, dole ne a bushe marigolds a cikin inuwa, tunda an rage yawan da ingancin mai mai mahimmanci yayin bushewar rana.
Marigold na bakin ciki Goku122Jinsuna da iri
Specificanshi na musamman mai daɗin ƙanshi shine halayyar kowane nau'in marigolds. Haka kuma, furanninsu ba su da ƙima, ganye - suka fi ƙarfi. Marigolds suna girma cikin manyan nau'ikan guda uku: kafa (Tagetes erecta), ƙi (Tagetes patula) da na bakin ciki (Tagetes tenuifolia).
Tagetes kafa
Ana kuma kiran su da Afirka, kodayake sun fito ne daga Amurka - mai ƙarfi, 40 zuwa 100 cm tsayi inflorescences na kowane nau'in terry ne, babba ne, yana da faɗin kusan 7-15 cm launi mai fure ya kasance daga launin shuɗi zuwa launin ruwan hoda mai duhu.
Marigolds sun yi daidai. AkaIri daban-daban
An bambanta bambance-bambancen da tsayi: giant - sama da 90 cm; babba - 60-90 cm; matsakaici - 45-60 cm; low - har zuwa 45 cm tsayi.
Antigua ('Antigua') - kawai 20 cm tsayi, amma yana samar da yawancin inflorescences har zuwa 10 cm a diamita tare da launi mai rawaya ko orange mai haske.
Dutse Rawaya ('Gelber Stein') - Bushes har zuwa 70 cm tsayi. Inflorescences sune nau'in fure-fure, mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, tare da diamita na 7-8 cm.
Dollar Zinare - Bushes mai karamin karfi ne, 90-120 cm tsayi. Harbe suna da ƙarfi, yanɗari, lokacin farin ciki, koren haske. Ganyen suna da girma, kore mai duhu. Inflorescences sune cloves, kusan mai sihiri, densely ninki biyu, 7-8 cm a diamita, ja-orange, wari. Yankin yana da wuri, fure daga farkon Yuni har zuwa sanyi .. An ba da shawarar ga manyan rukuni da yanke.
Hasken Zinare ('Goldlicht') - Bushes suna karami, tsayin 60-75 cm. A harbe suna da ƙarfi, yage, haske kore tare da m fure. Ganyen suna da girma, kore mai duhu. Inflorescences sune carnation, hemispherical, terry, 8-10 cm a diamita. Furanni Reed sune lemo mai haske. Furen furannin furanni masu kunkuntar-kambi ne, ba su da yawa. Iri-iri sun makara. Yana blooms daga ƙarshen Yuni zuwa sanyi.
Hasken rana ('Sonnenschein') - Bushes na daidaitaccen tsari, 40-50 cm tsayi, m. Harbe suna da ƙarfi, yage, kore. Ganyen suna da girma, kore. Inflorescences sune fure-kamar, 5-6 cm a diamita, rawaya ta zinare, ya ƙunshi manyan furanni masu ɗamara tare da corolla lobes wanda aka zana ƙasa kuma layi ɗaya na furanni Reed ya faɗi ƙasa. Nagari don saukowa rukuni.
Lambar Lemon ('Zitronen preis') - Bushes na daidaitaccen tsari, 65-80 cm tsayi, m. Harbe suna da ƙarfi, koren duhu mai duhu tare da ruwan hoda. Ganyen suna da girma, kore mai duhu. Inflorescences sune cloves, 8-10 cm a diamita, mai sihiri, busasshe, lemun tsami. Yana fure daga tsakiyar Yuni zuwa sanyi. Nagari don manyan kungiyoyi da yankan.
Marigolds ya ƙi
Wani lokaci ana kiran su Faransawa - ƙananan ƙarancin, 20-40 cm girma .. inflorescences ɗinsu na iya ninka biyu kuma ba mai ninka biyu ba, amma wannan ba ƙaramin kyau ba ne, 4-7 cm a diamita, rawaya da ruwan lemo, kalar ruwan hoda, wasu lokuta sautin biyu.
Marigolds ya ƙi. Inaya VinayarajIri daban-daban
Kwallon Zinare ('Kwallan Gwal') - Yaxa bushes, tsayin 50-60 cm, tsayayye sosai. Abubuwan harbe suna da ƙarfi, kore, tare da launin ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi, rippy. Ganyen suna matsakaici ne, kore. Inflorescences masu sauki ne da rabin biyu, 4-5 cm a diamita. Furanni Reed suna cikin layuka 1-2, launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi, mai kamshi. Tubular furanni masu launin shuɗi ne. A iri ne da wuri. Yana fure daga farkon Yuni zuwa sanyi. Yanke mai kyau.
Shugaban Gold ('Gold Kopchen') - Shrubs suna karami, 20-25 cm tsayi, ganye mai yawa. Abubuwan harbe suna da ƙarfi, kore, tare da fure mai launin shuɗi. Ganyen suna matsakaici ne, mai duhu. Inflorescences sune launin fure-kamar, ninki biyu, 3.5-4 cm a diamita, ya kunshi shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, manyan furanni tubular da kuma layi ɗaya na furanni mai duhu mai duhu, an tanƙwara ƙasa, tare da ɗan gefen wavy. A iri ne da wuri. Yana ba da fure daga farkon Yuni zuwa sanyi .. An ba da shawarar don gadaje na fure, rabatok, tukunya da adon baranda.
Sarauniya Sofia ('Sarauniya Sophia') - Inflorescences ba su da alama biyu-launi: ja tare da tagulla-orange iyakar, dan kadan shude a cikin rana, samo launin ruwan kasa inuwa, 7 cm a diamita.
Lemon dutse mai daraja ('lemun tsami dutse mai daraja') - Shrubs kakakka ne, 20-30 cm tsayi, kusan mai sihiri, ,anƙane mai ƙarfi, ganye mai laushi. Harbe suna da ƙarfi, kauri, tare da haƙarƙarin ja. Ganyen suna matsakaici ne, mai duhu. Inflorescences shine cloves, ninki biyu, 3.5-4 cm a diamita, ya ƙunshi fure mai haske mai haske. A iri ne da wuri. Yana ba da fure daga farkon Yuni zuwa sanyi .. An bada shawarar don gadaje na fure, rabatok, yin ado da baranda.
Orange Flame ('Yaren mutanen Orange') - Bushes har zuwa 20-30 cm tsayi, m, ganye mai yalwa. Abubuwan harbe suna da ƙarfi, kore tare da ratsi rawaya. Ganyayyaki masu duhu kore da ƙananan kunkuntar-lanceolate lobes. Inflorescences sune fure-kamar, ninki biyu, 3.5-4.5 cm a diamita, ya kunshi fure mai haske mai haske tubular furanni tare da jigon ja da layi daya na Reed, launin ja-kasa mai ja da baya, furanni masu launin shuɗi tare da rawaya mai tushe a gindi da kuma iyakar rawaya. A iri ne da wuri. Yana fure daga farkon Yuni zuwa sanyi.
Kwallan Kwallan ('Feuer ball') - Yaɗa bushes, 55-70 cm tsayi, mai ƙarfi sosai. Harbe suna da ƙarfi, yage, kore tare da ratsi rawaya. Ganyayyaki kore ne. Inflorescences ne mai sauki, 4-5 cm a diamita. An shirya furanni Reed a cikin layi daya, launin ruwan kasa-ja a saman babban, karammiski, mara nauyi mara nauyi a ƙasa. Furannin furanni sune furanni tare da tukwici masu launin ruwan kasa, samar da crest convex. A iri ne da wuri. Yana fure daga farkon Yuni zuwa sanyi. Nagari na yankan.
Marigold na bakin ciki
Tagetes marigolds tare da tsayi na 20-30 cm sune budewa, ganyayyaki da aka yanke da kuma kadan, 1-2 cm a diamita, inflorescences ba sau biyu ba. Furanni masu launin rawaya, lemo mai haske da ja.
Dukkan abubuwan marigolds na sama suna da zafi, hoto da kuma haƙuri mai haƙuri sosai. Manyan dabbobin da aka sifanta suna shuka akan shuka a farkon Afrilu. Harbe yana bayyana bayan kwanaki 5-8.
Lingsalingsan itace, wani lokacin tuni suna yin fure, ana shuka su a gonar fure bayan ƙarshen sanyi. Tsire-tsire suna saukad da tushe bayan dasawa, ko da a cikin yanayin furanni. Kuma suka Bloom zuwa frosts, wanda duk marigolds suna tsoron sosai.
Marigold na bakin ciki . Kor! AnIri daban-daban
Zoben Zinare - Bush 40-50 cm tsayi m, mai siffar zobe, densely branched. Abubuwan harbe sune na bakin ciki, mara nauyi, koren haske. Ganyen suna karami, za'a watsa su cikin faffadan lobes. Inflorescences ƙananan ne, 2.5-3 cm a diamita, mai sauƙi, furanni Reed suna lanƙwasa, rawaya mai haske, furanni tubular ƙananan, orange tare da ɗigon launin ruwan kasa a gefuna corolla lobes. A iri ne da wuri. Yana fure daga farkon Yuni zuwa sanyi. An ba da shawarar don rabatok da manyan kan iyakoki.
Gnom ('Gnom') - Bushes 20-25 cm tsayi, mai sihiri, daskararren dutsen, yalwataccen ganye. Harbe suna da ƙarfi, na bakin ciki, koren haske. Ganyayyaki ƙananan ne tare da madaukai madaidaiciya lobes. Inflorescences ƙananan, 2-2.5 cm a diamita, ya ƙunshi fure mai haske mai haske 5 da kuma ƙaramin ƙarami, tubular, orange. A iri ne da wuri. Yana fure daga farkon Yuni zuwa sanyi. Ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin iyakoki, gadaje na fure, ragi, massifs, vases, al'adun tukunya.
Lemon dutse mai daraja ('lemun tsami dutse mai daraja') - Bushes 28-34 cm tsayi, sifar fata. Tsire-tsire suna matukar birgewa, suna yin fure sosai. Inflorescences haske mai launin rawaya tare da lemon tsami.
Cutar da kwari
Babban fa'idodin marigolds shine juriya da kwari da cututtuka. Phytoncides da aka toya ta ganye zai tsoratar da kwari, gami da samar da ƙasa. Koyaya, wani lokacin akwai baƙin ƙafa, launin toka mai narkewa, rot na tushen da tushe na tushe wanda ke haifar da ƙwayoyin fungi, ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta.
Marigolds. Maja DumatAikace-aikacen
Mahimmin mai na shuka shine rawaya ko amber, ta hannu, tare da ƙanshin fure mai fure tare da bayanin kula.Babban bangaren shine Ocimen (50%); akwai kuma a-pinene, sabinen, myrcene, limononene, p-cymol, citral, linalool, p-terpinene da sauransu.Mai amfani da man Marigold mai tsafta a masana'antar kamshi da kwaskwarima da masana'antar distillery.
A dafa abinci, ana amfani da marigolds a wasu ƙasashe na Latin Amurka da Turai. Wannan shine ɗayan kayan yaji da aka fi so da kayan abinci na Georgia, inda ake kiran shi Imereti Saffron. Ana amfani da kwandunan fure da na fure don abinci.
An ƙara Marigolds zuwa kayan cin abinci daga wake da kayan marmari, zuwa jita-jita waɗanda suka haɗa da walnuts. Iceanshi yaji wani abu ne mai mahimmanci wanda aka hada da kayan miya.
Marigolds. Alfred DiemNa biyu jita-jita na abinci na Georgia suna tafiya lafiya tare da marigolds: fillet na naman sa a cikin goro-tumatir miya, Boyayyen alade, soyayyen dunƙulen tumatir. Hakanan ana dafa su da wasu nau'ikan kifi mai zafi. Amma ƙanshi na musamman da ɗanɗano suna ba da ɗanɗano ga jita-jita masu zafi na kaji: kaza tare da kwayoyi, kaza akan tofa, soyayyen kaza. Sauyin marigold yana ba da musamman na musamman.
Tun daga ƙuruciya na tuna marigolds a gidanmu! So rana, kyakkyawa. Labari Kaka ta yi amfani da su ta hanya ta musamman, hanyar da ke zuwa gidan an zauna ta gefe tare da marigolds, kuna tafiya tare da ita kamar kun kewaye hasken rana, yanayi nan da nan ya tashi!
Jiran ra'ayoyinku!
