Ganyen herbaceous na shekara-shekara, biennial ko perennial shuka rudbeckia (Rudbeckia) wakili ne na dangin asters. Akwai kusan nau'ikan 40 a cikin wannan dabi'ar. A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, ana samun wadatattun furanni a filayen Arewacin Amurka. A Afirka da Turai, an fi noma shi. “Suzanne na fatar ido” - wannan shine abinda baƙi na farko zuwa Arewacin Amurka suka kira wannan tsiron saboda akwai tsakiyar launi mai duhu akan inflorescence. Koyaya, mutanen da ke zaune a Turai sun yanke shawarar cewa sunan "sun hat" ya dace da rudbeckia sosai. Wannan shuka mai suna Rudbeckia K. Linnaeus saboda girmamawa ga mahaifin Swedes da ɗansa Rudbeckes, waɗanda ke botanists, yayin da ƙaramin cikinsu malami ne kuma aboki na Linnaeus, sannan kuma kakan-kaka na A. Nobel, kuma ya shahara sosai wajen gano tsarin cututtukan ɗan adam a shekara ta 1653.
Siffofin rudbeckia
Wannan fure yana da rassa ko kuma harbe masu sauki waɗanda suke tsangwamar pubescent, tsayin daka wanda ya bambanta daga mita 0.5 zuwa 2. Akwai nau'ikan daji wadanda zasu iya kaiwa ga tsayinsa har ma da mita 3. Kewaya-kewaya ko keɓaɓɓun faranti na filayen ganye suna da siffar ƙetare ko m. Tsawonsu ya bambanta daga 5 zuwa 20 santimita, yayin da a cikin ɓangaren ɓangaren harbi suna sessile, kuma a cikin ƙananan sashi ana ɗaure su. Girman kwandunan inflorescence ya kai 15 santimita, sun haɗa da furanni mai rauni mai zurfi wanda za'a iya canza launin launuka daban-daban na launin rawaya, kazalika da furanni masu launin shubuha na bisexual a fentin launuka iri-iri (daga baki-purple ko launin ruwan kasa zuwa shuɗi). 'Ya'yan itace ƙashi ne mai ƙyalli, wanda wasu lokuta ke da ƙananan rawanin. Ba manya manyan launuka masu launin toka mai duhu mai duhu ba har abada.
Girma daga rudbeckia daga tsaba
Shuka
Duk iri da nau'ikan banda nau'ikan terry ana iya yada shi ta hanyar tsaba. Kuma perennials kuma suna ninka ta hanyar rarraba rhizome. Shuka tsaba za a iya za'ayi kai tsaye a bude ƙasa. Ana yin wannan a cikin rabin na biyu na Yuni akan gado da aka riga aka shirya. An kiyaye nesa na santimita 15 tsakanin yaduwar tsaba, a saman suna buƙatar yayyafa shi da ƙasa mai bakin ciki. Don haka ya kamata a shayar da shimfiɗa a yalwace, yayin da dole ne a yayyafa shi da ruwa don kada a wanke tsaba. A cikin kaka, kananan ganye rosettes za su bayyana a gonar, kuma a shekara mai zuwa za su zama m bushes wanda zai fara fure kadan a baya waɗanda aka dasa a lokacin bazara. Ya kamata kuma a ɗauka a hankali cewa wannan tsire-tsire ke haifarwa kanta kwatsam. Idan kuna so, ba za ku iya yin komai tare da wannan ba, amma a cikin bazara ne kawai don fitar da ƙarancin 'yan seedlings ba tare da azabtar da shuka ba.
'Yayan itace
Yana yiwuwa mutum ya girma ta hanyar shuka a shekara-shekara da rudbeckia na shekara-shekara. Za'ayi shuka ne a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Maris ko na farko - a watan Afrilu. Shuka tsaba a cikin akwatunan seedling, yayin da aka yayyafa su a saman tare da wani yanki na bakin ciki na substrate kuma kawai dan kadan aka yayyafa shi da ruwa, ta amfani da kwalban fesa. Dole ne a rufe kwantena tare da fim kuma a canza shi zuwa wurin da zafin jiki na iska zai kasance cikin kewayon 20-22. Za'a iya ganin farkon seedlings a cikin kwanaki 7-14. Har zuwa lokacin da seedlings suka bayyana, ya kamata a shayar da albarkatun gona idan ya cancanta, kazalika da tsare tsaftataccen tsari da kuma cire ruwan kwalliyar da ta bayyana daga matsuguni. Lokacin da yaran suka zama nau'i biyu na ganye na ainihi, za a buƙaci a dasa su ta wannan hanyar da za su iya girma a al'ada ba tare da tsangwama da juna ba. Lokacin da shuka ya ɗauki tushe, ya kamata ku ci gaba da taurara su. Don yin wannan, dole ne a canza su yau da kullun zuwa farfajiyar ko baranda don sa'o'i da yawa.
Rudbeckia dasa a bude ƙasa
Wani lokaci zuwa ƙasa
Ya kamata a dasa bishiyoyi a cikin ƙasa a buɗe a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Mayu, amma bayan an san shi tabbas cewa daren sanyi ba zai dawo ba. Don irin wannan fure, kuna buƙatar zaɓar wurin da ake da lit da mai dumbin yawa, ƙasa mai ciyawa, cike da abubuwan gina jiki. Idan ƙasa ta kasance yumɓu, to, yashi ake yi a ƙarƙashinsa don haƙa. Kuma a cikin kowane ƙasa kafin fara rudbeckia an bada shawarar yin takin. Lokacin zabar wani shafi, ya kamata a tuna cewa wannan tsire-tsire kullum yana haɓaka kuma yana ƙaruwa ba tare da shading mai ƙarfi sosai ba.
Siffar Saukowa
Lokacin dasa shuki tsakanin bushes, dole ne a lura da nisan 0.3 zuwa 0.4 mita. Idan an lura da yanayin dumama, to furanni da aka dasa suna ɗaukan tushensa da sauri. Idan titin yayi kyau (musamman da daddare), sannan kuma aka dasa shukokin da aka dasa cikin fili domin daren zai buƙaci a rufe shi da agrospan har sai ya ɗauki tushen. Rudbeckia, wanda ya sami tushe, yana iya sauƙaƙe yanayin zafi ba tare da tsari ba. Lokacin da ake girma nau'in tsiro da iri iri, ya kamata a tuna cewa irin wannan fure na iya girma na shekaru 3-5 a wuri guda, sabili da haka, bayan dasa shuki, an bada shawarar a rufe saman ƙasa a yankin da wani yanki na ciyawa (takin), kauri wanda yakamata yakai 8 santimita.
Kula da rudbeckia na zamani
Wajibi ne a kula da rudbeckia, har ma da mafi yawan furanni lambun. Ya kamata a shayar a kan lokaci da safe ko maraice, yayin da idan akwai tsawan yanayin zafi, ruwa ya kamata ya zama akai-akai. Ya kamata kuma a tuna cewa bayan kowace ban ruwa, ƙasa ta kwance kuma, idan ya cancanta, weeding. Idan iri-iri ko nau'ikan suna da girma, to dole ne a ɗaura shi da tallafi. A farkon lokacin girma, ya zama dole takin irin wannan shuka, domin wannan, ana amfani da sinadarin abinci mai gina jiki wanda ya ƙunshi guga 1 na ruwa, wanda za'a iya casa cokali uku na potassium, nitrophoska da Agricola-7. Don mita 1 na shafin, ana ɗaukar lita 3 na irin wannan maganin. Bayan mako biyu, ana ciyar da Rudbeckia a karo na biyu ta amfani da cakuda abinci mai gina jiki iri guda. Lokacin da inflorescence fara Fade, dole ne a tsage tare da wani ɓangare na peduncle zuwa babba lafiya farantin.
Juyawa
A cikin abin da ya faru, ba tare da dasawa ba, an shuka irin wannan fure fiye da shekaru 5, to, wani kamshi mai yawa ya bayyana a ciki, wanda hakan ke haifar da rufe shafin. Don guje wa wannan, ya kamata a yi juyi a kan lokaci. Tono tsiro kuma rarraba shi cikin sassan, wanda sannan aka dasa shi akan sabon gado, yayin da ku tuna don kula da nisa tsakanin samfuran. Hakanan ya kamata a la'akari da cewa dole ne a aiwatar da rarrabuwa ko dasawa har zuwa lokacin da girma na daji ya fara. Sabili da haka, an ba da shawarar yin wannan a farkon lokacin bazara ko lokacin da rudbeckia ta ƙare.
Kiwo
Yadda ake yada irin wannan shuka ta zuriya, haka kuma ta hanyar rarraba daji an bayyana shi a sama. Sauran hanyoyin kiwo.
Cutar da kwari
Rudbeckia yana da wuya mildew powdery ya shafa sosai. A lokaci guda, murfin farin friable mai launin fari yana bayyana akan sassan daji. Don warkar da samfurin da ke kamuwa da cuta, dole ne a bi da shi da maganin ƙwaro na colloidal (1%) ko kuma sulfate jan karfe (80 grams na abu a cikin guga 1 na ruwa). Idan aibobi launin ruwan kasa sun bayyana akan faranti, suka fara toushi da bushewa, wannan yana nuna cewa daji yana kamuwa da ganye nematode. A wannan yanayin, yakamata a cire rudbeckia da aka ji rauni da rauni daga shafin, kuma ragowar bushes don dalilai prophylactic ya kamata a bi da Nemagon, Bazamid ko Nemafos, yayin bin umarnin da aka liƙa da miyagun ƙwayoyi. A cikin abin da ya shafi tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara, to, tare da farawa na lokacin kaka duk abubuwan da suka ragu zasu buƙaci halakarwa, yayin da shafin ya tono sosai kuma an zubar da shi tare da mafita na potassium manganese, wanda ya kamata ya kasance da ƙarfi sosai.
Daga cikin kwari irin wannan fure, matafila da larvae suna da haɗari. Amma ya kamata a tuna cewa idan an kula da rudbeckia da kyau, to ba za ku sami matsaloli tare da aikinta ba, tunda shuka tana da juriya ga cututtuka da kwari.
Bayan fure
Tarin iri
Floweringarshen fure da zuriya yana faruwa a cikin kaka. Ya kamata a aiwatar da tarin iri kawai bayan sun bushe da kyau a kan shuka kanta. Don haka kuna buƙatar sa safofin hannu na lambu kuma ku tattara su a hankali daga ɓangaren tsakiyar furen. Sannan an baza tsaba a kan takardar takarda kuma a sanya ta a cikin dakin da ke da iska mai kyau don samun iska.
Perennial wintering
A cikin kaka, zai zama tilas a datsa wani sashi na perennial rudbeckia zuwa saman shafin. Irin wannan shuka dole ne a rufe shi don hunturu. Don yin wannan, an rufe wurin da wani yanki mai kauri (daga 5 zuwa 7 santimita) na humus ko kuma rufe tsire-tsire tare da ciyawa, ko kuma zaka iya amfani da cinnik.
Iri da nau'ikan rudbeckia tare da hotuna da sunaye
Waɗannan nau'ikan da nau'ikan rudbeckia waɗanda ke girma ta hanyar lambu ya kasu gida biyu zuwa perennials da annuals (ana kuma kiransu biennials).
Rudbeckia na shekara-shekara
Namannana Rudurckia (Rudbeckia hirta)
Kasarta ita ce Arewacin Amirka. Ana shuka wannan nau'in a matsayin shuka na shekara-shekara ko na shekara-shekara. Ana iya yin saurin harbe-harbe ko kuma mai sauƙi, kuma a tsayi sun isa kusan santimita 100. Faranti na farantin ganye na otate ne, gaba daya suna da petioles, kuma tarko an sake samun su, gashi, yalwar lanceolate, sessile, tare da manyan hakora. Kwandunan inflorescence suna kan dogayen falo, kuma a cikin zahiri za su iya kaiwa santimita 10. Furannin furannin suna da launin toka-toka, kuma daɗaɗa shuɗi ne, akwai wurin isar da sako. Yawancin lokaci ana horar da irin wannan nau'in mara girman, kamar: Goldflamme da Toto Rustik, wanda ya kai girman 0.35 m; Lokacin bazara na Indiya da Marmalade, suna da tsayi kamar 0.45 m; Goldstrum, mai tsayin kusan 0.6 m, kuma diamita na saukin inflorescences shine santimita 10.
Rudbeckia bicolor (Rudbeckia bicolor)
Tsawon irin wannan rudbeckia mai tsayayye zai iya bambanta daga mita 0.25 zuwa 0.7. A saman harbe akwai pubescence, siffar faranti ganye ne lanceolate. Zurfin girman inflorescences tare da launi mai cikakken zai iya kaiwa daga santimita 6 zuwa 8; suna da layuka 2 na furanni waɗanda aka zana a orange ko rawaya, wani lokaci tare da tushe mai launin shuɗi. A kan wani kanti mai tsayi kusan 20 mm, wanda ke da sifar silinda, filayen tubular kusan launin baki suke. Rudbeckia yana fara yin fure a rabi na biyu na watan Yuni, kuma ya ƙare bayan farkon sanyi. Mafi mashahuri iri-iri ne Herbstewald: daji ya kai tsawo na 50 santimita, kuma diamita daga cikin kwandunan inflorescence ne game da 7 santimita, tare da tubular furanni a baki da Reed - launin ruwan kasa-ja.
Ba da rudbeckia (Rudbeckia amplexicaulis)
Kurmi ya kai tsayi 0.8 m. Zaunar da ita gaba daya kwance faranti farantin ganye na iya samun daɗaɗɗen hanu ko mugu tare da nuna ɗanɗano da kyakkyawan yatsa. Launi na furanni Reed yana da rawaya mai haske, tubular duhu mai duhu ana samunsu ne a kan mazaunin, wanda ya hau zuwa 30 mm.
Rudbeckia triloba (Rudbeckia triloba)
Dajin ya kai tsayin 1-1.4 m, furersa gajere ne, amma yana da yawa. Leafaramin faranti ƙananan-lobed uku ne, kuma tushe masu kyau ne da koren duhu a launi. Infananan inflorescences sun haɗa da furanni mai duhu-tubular da shuɗi masu launin shuɗi.
Perennial rudbeckia
Glossy rudbeckia, ko radiant rudbeckia (Rudbeckia fulgida)
Bushan daji ya kai kusan 0.6 m. Plaaƙa fararen filayen ganye masu ƙarfi. Girman diamita na inflorescences shine game da santimita 9, suna hade da tubular duhu ja da fure mai fure. Akwai mabambantan yanayi iri-iri, furannin ta na tsakiyar shuɗi ne mai ruwan shuɗi, sannan kuma ɓangaren take mai launin shuɗi-orange. Yankunan da Goldstar da Goldsturm, wadanda ke da tsakiyar launin launin ruwan kasa da furanni Reeda na launin zinare, su ma sun shahara sosai a tsakanin masu lambu.
Rudbeckia da aka watsa (Rudbeckia laciniata)
A tsayi, daji zai iya kaiwa santimita 200. Tsiraran rhizome sosai suna cikin layi. A tushe fararen faranti uku ne, kuma ƙananan sune keɓe daban-daban. Girman dutsen da inflorescence ya kai santimita 10, suna tattare daga layi 1 zuwa 3 na fure mai kewayawa mai launin rawaya mai shuɗi da kodadadden rawaya. Akwai nau'ikan da yawa iri, amma Kwallon Zinare shine mafi mashahuri: wannan tsiren rabin ko terry shuka yana da inflorescences wanda ya kai santimita 10 a diamita, wanda ya kunshi fure mai haske tubular furanni masu launin furanni da kuma gefen-launi mai launin shuɗi mai haske.
Rudbeckia karamara (Rudbeckia tsawan)
Wannan nau'in yana da ban sha'awa kwarai da gaske saboda yanayin sa yana ƙyalli da kamannin ɗakunawar harshe. A cikin tsayi, tsire-tsire na iya isa mita 1.2-1.5. Misali, nau'in Black Beauty ba sabon abu bane: bashi da furanni Reed, dangane da wannan inflorescences dinsa yayi kama da mazugin launin baki, wanda yake zagaye da katuwar launin kore.
Giant Rudbeckia (Rudbeckia maxima)
Dajin wannan nau'in ya fi girma girma. A saman faranti na ganye kore akwai wani yanki mai laushi mai laushi na launin shuɗi. Sararin samaniya mai launin rawaya mai cike da rawaya suna kan wani mashahurin rakumin mazugi, yayin da masu ruwan tubular ana zanen su cikin launuka masu duhu. Wannan nau'in yana da tsayayya sosai ga sanyi da fari. Ana iya amfani da inflorescences akan dogayen kafa don yankan.
Glossy rudbeckia (Rudbeckia nitida)
Tsawon daji ya kai santimita 200. Takaddun faranti masu zane-zane suna daɗaɗɗen-lanceolate. Girman diamita na inflorescences shine kimanin santimita 12. Sun ƙunshi furanni tubular kore da rawaya - Reed. Akwai kyawawan nau'ikan kyawawan launuka, kamar: Goldshrim da Herbston.
Rudbeckia kyakkyawa ko kyan gani (Rudbeckia speciosa)
Tsawon daji zai iya bambanta daga mita 0.5 zuwa 0.6. Rounded ko farantin farantin kwano suna da gefen da ba a sarƙewa. Tsarin inflorescences-kwanduna, diamita wanda zai iya kaiwa santimita 10, ya hada da furanni tubular launin shuɗi-da launin shuɗi mai ruwan shuɗi, tare da alkama 3 a ƙarshen ƙarshen reshen.
Hyda rudbeckia (Rudbeckia hybrida)
Wannan nau'in yana haɗuwa da nau'ikan rudbeckia mai gashi, mai sheki da disseised, waɗanda suke da manyan inflorescences-kwanduna (diamita game da santimita 19), yana kunshe da furanni tubular launin shuɗi tare da launin shuɗi mai haske, da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi, yana da tsawon kusan santimita 14. Misali, yi la'akari da ire-iren wadannan:
- Gloriosa Daisy - girma a matsayin shekara-shekara ko tsinkaye, tsayin daji yakai kimanin m 1.2, diamita na inflorescences shine kusan santimita 16, sun hada da layuka 1-3 na fili ko furanni masu launuka masu launin shuɗi-shuɗi ko rawaya mai shuɗi, kuma tsakiyar kamannin tubular ana fentin cikin duhu mai duhu ;
- Daisy sau biyu - branaukaka sosai, harbe mai ƙarfi na iya isa tsayi na 1.2 m, siffofin sifiri na ovate duk suna da matukar ƙarfi, ƙaddarar terry inflorescences shine kusan santimita 17, sun haɗa da furanni tubular launin launi da shuɗi, wanda za'a iya bambanta shi ko monophonic.
Echinacea ko rudbeckia
Abubuwan warkarwa na echinacea an daɗe da sanin su. Abin sha'awa, a cikin 1753, an sanya Carl Linnaeus mai ruwan hoda a cikin halittar Rudbeckia. Gida na duka tsire-tsire biyu shine yankin Arewacin Amurka, wanda yake a kudu maso gabashin Amurka, yayin da suka fi so su girma a cikin ƙasa mai laima a fili. Amma Mench, wanda ɗan asalin Jamusanci ne, a cikin 1794 ya kawo echinacea purpurea, wanda har zuwa wannan lokacin ana kiranta rudbeckia purpurea, a cikin wani daban.
Menene bambance-bambance tsakanin waɗannan launuka? Misali, suna da launi daban-daban na inflorescences, saboda haka, a cikin Rudbeckia, furannin reed na iya samun launuka daban-daban na launin rawaya, launin ruwan kasa da ruwan lemo, kuma a cikin Echinacea suna rasberi ko shunayya. Echinacea tana da tauri mai tsananin gaske, mai ɗaukar hoto mai kyau da kuma rataye abubuwa, kuma a cikin rudbeckia suna da taushi. Wannan fasalin ana iya gano shi da sunan Echinocia - "echitnos", wanda aka fassara daga Girkanci a matsayin "farashi". Hakanan ana bambanta Echinacea ta hanyar cewa yana da kaddarorin magani, wanda, duk da tabbacin wasu mutane, basu da cikakkiyar matsala a rudbeckia.
