Hoya - Sananniyar kariyar bayanai

Hoya ya sami sunan ta da girmamawa ga mai kula da lambun Turanci Thomas Hoy (Turanci Thomas Hoy, 1750-1822), wanda ya yi aiki na dogon lokaci tare da Duke na Northumberland, mafi yawa a cikin gidajen kore da tsire-tsire masu zafi.

Wannan 'yar aikin gona ta dade tana jin daɗin' yan lambu, musamman a ƙasarsu ta Ostireliya, inda aka lalata nau'ikan nau'ikan nata. A gida - wannan tsiro ne mai hawan dutse tare da ganye mai ɗorewa mai cike da furanni da kuma manyan furanni masu kama da kofin da ke daɗaɗa ƙarfi a cikin dare. Yawancinsu suna horarwa kamar tsire-tsire na ornamental, amma wasu nau'ikan suna da ban mamaki, kamar Hoya McGillivrea (Hoya macgillivrayi).

Hoya MacGillivrayi © chipmunk_1

Hoya (Hoya) asalin halittar tsirrai masu zafi ne na dangin Lastovnevye, yana da nau'ikan 250 zuwa 300. Gida ta asali wacce ita ce Kudancin da Kudu maso Gabas Asiya, yammacin gabar Ostiraliya, Polynesia.

Wakilan nau'in genus curly ko tare da harbe-harben tsirrai masu tsinkaye ne, bishiyoyi. Ganyayyaki sunaye, oval, duka, mai tsayi na fata, na fata. Inflorescences ne axillary. Furanni suna taruwa cikin laima; corolla zagaye-biyar mai tunawa, fleshy; kambi na 5 lokacin farin ciki, lebur, convex, ginshikai biyu da yadudduka.

Hoyas sune tsire-tsire masu kayan ado na al'ada. Suna girma a cikin ɗakuna masu ɗumi, yanayi mai sanyi, kuma a cikin ɗakuna (tsire-tsire na iya jure iska mai sauƙi). Don tsire-tsire, ana buƙatar nau'ikan tallafi daban-daban (a cikin nau'i na baka, trellis ko lattice, wani yanki na gansakuka da sandunansu), wanda aka ɗaure harbe harbe na lianoid.

Hoya multiflora (Hoya multiflora). Mokkie

Siffofin

Haske: haske, tsire-tsire suna jure hasken rana kai tsaye. Koyaya, idan an kiyaye shi a rana yayin lokacin zafi a lokacin rani, ƙone na iya faruwa.

Zazzabi: a cikin lokacin bazara-bazara 22-25 ° C. A cikin kaka-hunturu lokacin ba kasa da 16 ° С (banda shi ne meaty Khoya (Hoya carnosa), yana kunshe a cikin hunturu a 12-14 ° C).

Watse: daga Maris zuwa Oktoba, yalwatacce, mai laushi, ruwa mai tsafta, kamar yadda saman keɓaɓɓen ya bushe. Watering an rage a cikin fall, an za'ayi kwana biyu zuwa uku bayan saman Layer na substrate ta kafe (da earthen dunƙule ba a kawo don kammala bushewa).

Jin zafi: ba ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A lokacin rani, zaku iya fesawa.

Manyan miya: a cikin lokacin bazara-bazara (ciyayi), tsire-tsire suna amsawa da kyau tare da miya tare da takaddun takaddun ma'adinai don tsirrai na cikin gida (sau ɗaya kowace makonni 2-3).

Turawa: bayan shuka ta lalace, ya zama dole a yanke duk tsararraki mafi dadewa, a bar gajerun rassa wanda fure ke faruwa.

Lokacin hutawa: daga ƙarshen Oktoba zuwa Maris. Ana kiyaye tsire-tsire a cikin wuri mai haske, mai sanyi, ana shayar da su a hankali.

Juyawa: ana dasa shuki matasa a kowace shekara, kamar yadda suke haɓaka haɓaka cikin jita-jita masu yawa; Manya-manyan tsire-tsire ana dasa shi sau ɗaya kowace shekara 3.

Kiwo: cuttings a cikin bazara da damina (bisa manufa, yana yiwuwa a yadu a ko'ina cikin duk tsawon lokacin tsiro), ganyayen kara.

Kofin Hoya (Hoya pubicalyx). At Beatrice Murch

Kulawa

Khoyam yana buƙatar haske mai haske, tsire-tsire suna jure hasken rana kai tsaye. Koyaya, lokacin da aka adana shi a cikin rana a cikin lokacin da ya fi zafi a lokacin bazara, tsire-tsire na iya ƙone. Mafi kyawun wurin don girma - windows tare da tsarin yamma ko gabas. Lokacin da girma a kan windows ta kudu, da rana a tsakar rana, yana da kyau a ƙirƙiri hasken yaduwa ta amfani da masana'anta ta translucent ko takarda (tulle, gauze, takarda bi). Nasihu da samfurori da samammen da suka tsaya a inuwa (ko bayan hunturu) ba za a iya fallasa su kai tsaye zuwa haskokin rana ba; ya kamata su saba da su a hankali. Sakamakon rashin haske, shuka bai yi fure a taga ta arewa ba.

A lokacin kaka-hunturu, ana shuka tsiro a cikin ingantaccen fitila, ba a buƙatar shading ruwa. A cikin bazara, tare da karuwa a matakin haske, ƙarin haske ya saba da hankali don guje wa ƙonewa.

Matsakaicin zafin jiki don girma da haɓaka tsirrai a lokacin rani shine 22-25 ° C. Zazzabi da abun ciki a cikin kaka-hunturu lokacin kada ya kasance ƙasa da 16 ° С (banda shi ne Hoya mai nama (Hoya carnosa), ana sa shi a cikin hunturu a 12-14 ° С). Dankin ya sami damar yin hunturu kuma a 20-22 ° C, duk da haka, a wannan yanayin, ana iya tsammanin ƙasa da fure mai yawa. Hoya baya son tururuwar iska - ɗakin da dole ne a kwantar da shi a kai a kai, a cikin hunturu ana yin hakan a hankali don guje wa zane-zane.

Hoya Mindorensis, Mindorsky (Hoya mimdorensis). Mont Vermont Hoyas

Daga Maris zuwa Oktoba, ana shayar da hoyas da yalwa tare da taushi, ruwa mai tsafta, kamar yadda saman keɓaɓɓen kayan maye yake. Watering an rage a cikin fall, an za'ayi kwana biyu zuwa uku bayan saman Layer na substrate ta kafe (da earthen dunƙule ba a kawo don kammala bushewa). Watering za a iya yi tare da dan kadan ruwa mai ɗumi. Idan yana da matuƙar wuya ko ba ruwa ga shuka ba kwata-kwata, to, inji ya mutu wani ɓangare na tushen, ya raunana kuma daga baya ya shiga cikin girma.

Sau biyu a shekara (a cikin bazara da damina), daukacin tsire ke nutsuwa cikin ruwa mai zafi zuwa 30-40 ° C na mintuna 30-40, kuma dunƙule na tsawan awa 2. Wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga mafi kyawun girma da saurin fure.

Hum zafi ba ya taka rawa sosai ga hoya, amma ana bada shawara a fesa shi a cikin lokacin bazara-bazara. Feshi a hankali, yana da kyau kar a sauke saukad da kan furanni.

A lokacin bazara-bazara (ciyayi), tsire-tsire suna amsawa da kyau tare da miya tare da takaddun takaddun ma'adinai don tsirrai na cikin gida (sau ɗaya kowace makonni 2-3).

Lightarfin haske mai haske (windows mai haske a cikin ɗakuna) yana kunna samuwar fure furen. Ana ta yin yawo har zuwa kaka.

Bayan fure sun bayyana, bai kamata a motsa hoyu don kada a haifar da furanni ba. A ƙarƙashin gogewar fure zaka iya sanya props. Bayan da shuka ta lalace, ya zama dole a yanke dukkan harbe-tsawan tsawo, a bar gajerun rassa wanda fure ke faruwa. Hakanan bai kamata a cire shinge daga ciki ba, tun daga farkon shekara mai zuwa - furanni sun bayyana a kansu.

Ana buƙatar goyon baya mai ƙarfi don kiyaye tsirrai.

An dasa kananan tsire-tsire matasa a kowace shekara, yayin da suke haɓaka haɓaka cikin jita-jita masu yawa; Manya-manyan tsire-tsire ana dasa shi sau ɗaya kowace shekara 3. Isasa ta dace da abinci mai sauƙi kuma mai sauƙin permeable, ɗan acidic da tsaka tsaki (pH 5.5-7). Hoya yana girma sosai a kusan kowace ƙasa, alal misali, a cikin wani lambu da aka haɗe da yashi. Abinda ya fi dacewa shine ya haɗa da yumɓun turɓaya, ganye da ƙasa mai sanyi (2: 1: 1) ko yumbu-turf, ƙasar ganye, peat da yashi (2: 1: 1: 1). Kyakkyawan Hoya (Hoya bella) an fi dacewa a haɗu a cikin cakuda ƙasa mai ganye, peat, humus da yashi a daidai sassa tare da ƙari na gawayi. Ana buƙatar malalewa mai kyau.

Hoya kyakkyawan shuka ne ga al'adar hydroponic.

Hoya ridleyi Mont Vermont Hoyas

Kiwo

Tsire-tsire suna yaduwa ta hanyar dasawa a cikin bazara da kaka (bisa manufa, yana yiwuwa a yadu a duk lokacin girma). An yanke yankan tare da guda ɗaya, ganye biyu, amma za'a iya amfani da tsayi da yawa. Bayyanar tushen a cikin petioles ba a kan nodes ba, amma tsakanin nodes, don haka ba a yanke cut ɗin ba ƙarƙashin kumburi, amma a ƙasa kumburi. Amfani da kayan grafting yana cikin peat - 2 hours, yashi - awa 1, kuma ana iya kafe cikin ruwa. Matsakaicin zafin jiki don tushen shine aƙalla 20 ° C. Hoya cuttings ana samun sauƙin kafe a cikin yanayi na daki.

Kafe (a rana ta 20-25th) ana shuka itace a cikin tukwane na santimita-9. Abun da ke cikin ƙasa shine kamar haka: Turf - awa 1, ganye - 2 hours, humus - awa 0.5 da yashi - awa 1; an ƙara hadadden takin zuwa cakuda.

Don samun furanni a farkon shekara, suna amfani da wata hanyar haifuwa - kara farawa. A kan harbi wani tsohuwar shuka, an yi incion, an lulluɓe shi da rigar ƙarfe, an ɗaura shi da igiya kuma an rufe shi da filastik. Bayan samuwar tushe, an yanke sashin sama na dasa kuma an dasa shi a cikin tukunya.

Hoya mai siffa-mai kama da Hoya (Hoya calycina). Mont Vermont Hoyas

Don samun samfuran ƙanƙanran lokacin farin ciki, aƙalla 3 tushen daskararrun itace ana shuka su ne a cikin tukunya ɗaya.

Don samun ciyawar da aka yi wa lakabi, saƙaɗa su bayan samuwar ganye na 3-4.

Gargaɗi: furanni na shuka ƙanshi. Ellanshin ƙwayar cuta na iya haifar da halayen damuwa (misali, ciwon kai). Ganyayyaki na iya haifar da cututtukan dermatitis.

Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa

Saboda ƙarancin zafin jiki ko rana mai tsananin zafi, ganye sukan juya, fara bushewa da bushewa.
Yayi bushe sosai da ganyen iska mai sanyi sun faɗi.
Daga wuce haddi ko rashin danshi, haka kuma daga bushewa da iska mai zafi, fure furen ya fadi.
Daga tururuwar ruwa kuma daga ruwan sanyi da ake amfani dashi lokacin ban ruwa, ganye ko harbe na iya faɗuwa.
Daga matsanancin danshi a cikin ƙasa, tushen da tushe daga tushe na iya rot.
Tare da rashin haske da canjin wuri, furanni na iya faɗuwa.
Tare da rashin nitrogen a cikin ƙasa, haɓakar tsiro na raguwa, ganye yana jujjuya launin kore (dole ne a ciyar da urea a taro na 1 g / l).
Rashin yanayin zafi sosai da matsanancin ruwa ko rashin isasshen ruwa na iya haifar da rawaya, bushewar ganye da faɗuwarsu.

Hoya layi (lat.Hoya linearis). Mont Vermont Hoyas

Dabbobi

Hoya Mai Girma (Hoya imperialis)

Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji a kan sashin malacca. Hawan tsirrai, tsirrai. Harbe-jita ne Ganyayyaki suna-of -long; 15-20 cm tsawo, zagaye a gindin farantin, ba da daɗewa ba a nuna ɗanɗano, mai laushi, fata. Petiole yana cikin matsakaici, babba, tsawon 5-7 cm. Furanni 6-10 a cikin labulen rataye, 12-20 cm tsayi, ja mai duhu, rawaya mai launin kore a waje; kambi ba da daɗewa ba, tare da tauraro mai siffa da taurari, a kan gajeren zango; tare da ƙanshi mai daɗi.

Hoya multiflora (Hoya multiflora)

Ya girma a cikin gandun daji a Malaysia. Hawan tsirrai. Ganyen suna da layi-layi. Furanni suna da yawa, ana tattara su cikin laima, rawaya; furannin kunkuntar ne; kambi tare da arched kakar.

A al’adance, ire-irensa sune na kowa.

Meaty hoya (Hoya carnosa)

Yana girma a cikin gandun daji, a kan duwatsu, bishiyoyi a Asiya na wurare masu zafi da ƙasashe da kuma Queensland (Ostiraliya). Creepers har zuwa 6 m tsawo; stalks creeping, pubescent. Ganyen suna ovate-oblong, ovate-stringate, 5-8 cm tsayi kuma 3-4 cm m, tare da m koli, m sau da yawa - short-nuna, kore kore, m, fleshy, tare da gajeren petioles. Furanni a cikin laima, farin fari ko kodadde, tare da kambi mai ruwan hoda a tsakiyar, a kan gajeriyar gaɓoɓin fida, tsawon tsayi 2-4 cm; corolla har zuwa 1.5 cm a diamita, 5-membered; lobes m, tare da gefuna gefuna da kuma yawan ɗimbin yawa daga sama; tare da ƙanshi mai daɗi. Plantaramar da aka sani da shuka iri-iri, girma a ɗakuna da katako. Blooms profusely a cikin bazara da kuma bazara.

Meaty Hoya (lat.Hoya carnosa). Lot Charlotte Nordahl

Hoya kyawawan (Hoya bella)

An samo shi cikin gandun daji a Burma. Bishiyoyi marasa kwari. Harbi creeping, na bakin ciki, densely ganye. Ganyen suna ovate-lanceolate, karami, 2-2.5 cm tsayi, kauri, nuna, dan convex dan kadan. Umbrella furanni suna drooping, ƙarami, har zuwa 1.5 cm a diamita, waxy, fari, 5-lobed; m-ja kambi. Yana blooms profusely da tsawo a lokacin rani.