Zaɓin nau'ikan bishiyoyi don itacen apple, suna kulawa da kullun don yadda jimawa itacen apple ya shiga cikin lokacin 'ya'yan itace, dandano da girman' ya'yan itacen, juriya daga iri-iri don sanyi da rashin danshi, cututtuka da kwari. Godiya ga ƙoƙarin masu shayarwa, lambu zai iya zaɓar tsakanin tsayi da dwarf itatuwa. Koyaya, lokacin tumatir na amfanin gonar tuffa bashi da mahimmanci, tunda kawai a cikin wannan matakin tunawa ana iya kafa lambun da zai iya samar wa mutane ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga tsakiyar bazara har zuwa bazara mai zuwa.
A lokaci guda, nau'in bishiyoyi na kaka a cikin apple Orchard yakamata ya tashi kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na duk tsire-tsire. M fure mai ƙarfi da ke fitowa a cikin Satumba ba kawai ga teburin ba, lokacin da balaga na mabukaci ya faru a cikin kwanaki 12-15, amma kuma ana adana su har tsakiyar lokacin hunturu.
Bayanin apple iri-iri Ural girma
Wannan unpretentious kuma yalwa fruiting kaka apple iri-iri da aka samu a Chelyabinsk, sanannen mai shayarwa P.A. Zhavoronkov daga tsallaka Papirovki da Ranetka ja. Tun daga 50s, bishiyoyin apple na wannan iri-iri sun fara shuka daga yankin Volga-Vyatka zuwa yankin Far Eastern.
Kuma godiya ga babban saurin karbuwa, farkon tsufa da tsananin tsananin hunturu, suna da buƙatu a yau a yawancin wuraren da ke da yanayin yanayin zafi. Daga shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa, shuka da aka shuka tana ba da apples na farko, kuma a shekara ta uku, kayan haɓaka sun kusan cika. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa da aka samu daga itacen apple mai Ural shine har zuwa kilogiram 250.
Apples na wannan iri-iri suna da ɓangaren litattafan almara mai ruwan rawaya, wanda, lokacin da overripe, ya zama friable mai yawa, ɗanɗano mai ɗaci tare da ƙyalli mai ma'ana da ƙanshi mai daɗi. Ripening 'ya'yan itãcen fara kusa da tsakiyar Satumba, yayin cikakke apples ba crumble, kuma bayan girbi har zuwa watanni 2, riƙe su halaye da dandano.
Fruitsan ƙananan fruitsan roundan zagaye na itacen apple na Uralky girma ba su wuce gram 60 kamar yadda aka bayyana. A cikin apples, da peduncle yana da elongated, kamar yadda a cikin ranetki, m m fata da farko rawaya-kore, sannan kuma ko da launin rawaya, wanda, a lokacin da rana ta shiga, kadan, kawai m ruwan hoda ja bayyana.
Apple itacen cinnamon sabo
Sanannen sanyin kaka mai fitowar nau'in haɓaka iri-iri an inganta shi akan tushen VNIIS im. I.V. Michurin, shahararren mai shayarwa S.I. Isaev. Kamar yadda kayan farawa don shawo kansu, an zaɓi itacen ɓaure na kirfa taguwa iri-iri kuma an zaɓi nau'ikan Welsey.
Daban-daban, wanda ya shiga gwajin Jiha a cikin shekarar 1950, an karbe shi ne domin bunkasa a yankin Tsakiya da Arewa maso Yamma na shekaru 15 bayan haka. A cikin yankin da ba chernozem na Rasha ba, gonar apple da aka dasa daga bishiyoyi masu ƙarfi masu ƙarfi na wannan nau'in suna har yanzu ana amfani da su yau. Yankin yana da ƙwayar cuta, yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga scab, kuma yana nuna matsakaicin yanayin hunturu a cikin yanayin tsakiyar Rasha.
Kambin ɗan itacen apple na cinnamon sabo yana da kamannin da ke kusa da pyramidal, amma yana faɗaɗa kuma ya zama zagaye yayin da yake girma. Yawancin ƙwayoyin kwai suna kafawa a kan safar hannu, kuma kawai karamin sashi akan sandunan 'ya'yan itace masu ɗorewa. A lokacin fruiting, bishiyoyin apple suna shiga kusan ƙarshen, kawai a cikin shekaru 6-7 na rayuwa, yayin da a cikin itatuwan manya, shekaru masu yawan girbi suna canzawa tare da lokutan hutu.
Itacen itacen apple na kirfa an nuna shi da babban, ganye mai duhu na kore mai launin shuɗi tare da tukwici masu zurfin elongated, tari mai tsayi da gefuna masu santsi. Lokacin da shuka ya yi fure a cikin rabin na biyu na Mayu, itacen yana rufe da manyan furanni ruwan hoda da fararen furanni, a inda aka kafa 'ya'yan itatuwa daga baya, masu nauyi daga gram 20 zuwa 180. Rounded-conical ko dan kadan flattened apples na wannan iri-iri an rufe shi da lokacin farin ciki santsi fata na kore mai launin rawaya-mai launin shuɗi da launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi mai launin ja-carmine.
'Ya'yan itãcen Cinnamon sababbi ana bambanta su da manyan sifofin kasuwanci, suna da kyau tare da dandano mai ɗanɗano amma ba su da ƙasa da yawancin nau'in kudu. Apples da aka ɗauka a farkon Satumba cikakke suna bayyana dandano bayan makonni 3 zuwa 4, kuma ana iya adanar su a cikin ɗaki mai sanyi har zuwa farkon hunturu.
Apple itacen Uralets
Treean itacen apple mai ƙarfi mai sanyi-sanyi na Uralets iri ne sakamakon P.A. Dibrova. A Sverdlovsk OSS, a tsakiyar karni na karshe, masanin kimiyyar ya ketare Anis mai ruwan hoda tare da Voskovka na kasar Sin da Saratov dan kasar Ukraine.
Yawancin da masanin kimiyya ya samu tare da rawanin pyramidal mai ƙarfi wanda ke jure har zuwa kilogram 70 na 'ya'yan itatuwa a lokacin girbin ya zama sananne a yawancin yankuna na arewacin Rasha da tsakiyar layi. Ko da tare da kaya mai nauyi, rassan da aka rufe da ganye mai matsakaici ba su karye ba. Furen bishiyun bishiyun Uralts na faruwa a watan Mayu. Furannin fure masu ruwan hoda masu furanni masu launin fure. Kai pollination na wannan iri-iri ba ya faru, sabili da haka, ma'ab ofcin apple apple Orchard iya dasa Ural girma itatuwa a matsayin pollinator.
Haɓaka ƙwayar kwai yana ci gaba zuwa harbe har tsawon shekaru 2-3. An fruitsan kananan conan smallan zagaye na becomean fari sun zama daga farkon farkon kaka. Matsakaicin nauyin zaki mai ƙanshi mai daɗin ƙanshi na wannan nau'in bai wuce gram 50-60 ba. A lokaci guda, saman launi 'ya'yan itãcen zaune tam a kan elongated stalks ne mau kirim tare da m taguwar zama ja. Rufe bakin fatsi a bayyane yana tabbata akan fatar.
'Ya'yan itacen apple na Uralet iri-iri yana farawa daga shekaru 4-6 kuma yana shudewa a kowace shekara, girbin yana girma ne kawai daga shekara zuwa shekara, ba tare da la’akari da yanayin yanayi ba.
Itace Apple Auxis
Godiya ga tsallake 'ya'yan inabi Grafenstein ja da Macintosh, masu shayarwa Lithuaniyan sun sami ire-iren apple na Auxis tare da ƙaramar kambi na matsakaitan matsakaitan' ya'yan itace da 'ya'yan itaciyar kaka.
Furen bishiyoyi na wannan kaka iri iri a cikin apple orchard fara kusa da ƙarshen Mayu, yayin da pollination na furanni ya zama dole don samun bishiyoyin apple kusa da sauran nau'ikan. A sakamakon haka, an kirkiro 'ya'yan itace masu matsakaici, wanda nauyinsu ya tashi daga 90 zuwa 180 grams. Apples tare da mai, m fata suna da ko da, flattened-zagaye siffar da suke kore-rawaya, a mataki na m ripeness, launi, a kan abin da arziki, Carmine ko ja zama ja an kasafta, rufe kusan duka saman 'ya'yan itacen. Abubuwan al'ajabi mai laushi masu laushi masu muni, suna yin narkar da tsakiyar tsakiyar Satumba, suna da nama mai rawaya mai yawa, waɗanda ba sa rasa tsarinsu lokacin ajiya har zuwa ƙarshen hunturu.
Fruan itace na farko na itacen apple na Auxis sau da yawa yana faruwa shekaru 4-5 bayan dasawa. A wannan yanayin, iri-iri a tsakiyar band yana nuna matsakaicin hunturu da kuma juriya guda ɗaya don scab. Bugu da kari, 'ya'yan itacen da ba a tara su akan lokaci ba.
Apple-itace Anis Sverdlovsky
Applewallan apple iri-iri Anis Sverdlovsky, wanda ke ba da girbi a ƙarshen kaka, shi ne ofa ofan aikin masu shayarwa na tashar sarrafa kayan lambu na Sverdlovsk, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin L.A. Kotova. An shuka tsiron ne saboda tsallakewar Melba da Anis purpurea, yayin da rawanin itacen ɓaure mai siffar siffar ya kusanto kusa da dala ko manyan dala. Itace mai matsakaici-iri ne tare da irin mixeda fruan itace. Kodayake a kan rassan densely masu yawa na cholipids mai shekaru biyu, yawancin furen furanni ruwan hoda, sannan kwai.
Rounda roundan daidai ko 'ya'yan itaciyar itacen apple Anis Sverdlovsky suna da matsakaicin nauyi na kilogram 100 zuwa 120. A apples da bushe, m, matsakaici kauri kwasfa da wani haske rawaya integumentary launi, wanda yake wani lokacin kusan ganuwa a karkashin wani mai zurfi ja bllusred ja. A kan 'ya'yan itatuwa cikakke, mai laushi mai laushi na launin haske yana bayyane bayyane.
Apples suna da m-grained pulp of farin ko kuma wani lokacin launin kore mai launin kore. Dandanan 'ya'yan itaciyar da aka ɗora daga itacen apple na Anis Sverdlovsky a farkon Satumba yana da daɗi kuma mai daɗi, ya cancanci ƙwararrun masanan. Koyaya, wannan nau'in kaka bazai yiwu a kira shi kwance ba. Matsakaicin rayuwar shiryayye shine har zuwa Disamba. Itace ya ba da farko ta farko a cikin shekara ta huɗu bayan alurar riga kafi, yana haƙuri da hunturu sosai kuma ko da bayan lalacewar sanyi ga mutum harbe shi da sauri yana murmurewa, amma a cikin lokutan ruwa sau da yawa ana shafar scab.
Bayanin kwalliya da hotunan bishiyar itacen apple
Yawancin zaɓi na tsohuwar jama'a sun faɗi zuwa tsakiyar yankin na Rasha daga jihohin Baltic, saboda haka ana kiran bishiyoyin applean Tuffa da Stan Tsira da Strearfi. Akwai sauran zaɓuɓɓuka saboda sunan. Tsawon itacen apple ya kai mita 8, yayin da zagaye, kambi mai yawa na itacen yana da tsinkaye har zuwa mita 7. An harbe harbe tare da manyan m ganye tare da m silvery tarin da serrated gefuna. Karkashin nauyin amfanin gona mai narkewa, rassan suna iya yin tururuwa zuwa ƙasa.
Dangane da bayanin itacen hoto na Autumn apple, wannan bishiyoyin basu cika shafawa ba kuma suna sanyi sosai. Haka kuma, ci gaban shekara-shekara akan bishiyoyi yayi ƙanana, kuma 'ya'yan farkon' ya'yan itace suna daure ne kawai a shekara ta biyar ko ta shida. Hakanan amfanin gona yana karuwa a hankali. Amma bayan ya kai shekaru 25-30, itace tuffa ta wannan ire-iren, ta karɓi yawan danshi da abubuwan gina jiki, suna iya samar da fruitsan fruitsan kilogram 300.
Bayan pollination na buds, da ovary ke tsiro na rayayye, 'ya'yan itãcen tabo ne kawai a watan Agusta, kuma ripen a tsakiyar Satumba. Siffar manyan fure-rawaya mai launin shuɗi tare da gurɓataccen ruwan fure yana da kullun zagaye, wani lokacin conical, tare da haƙarƙari m kusa da sashin na sama. A ɓangaren litattafan almara fari ne na roba, tare da dandano mai daɗi mai daɗi.
Apple-bishiyoyi na daraja Zhigulevskoe
An samo shi a cikin 1936 a tashar gwaji ta Samara, nau'ikan mai ba da cikakkiyar amfanin gona ya daɗe yana kafa kansa a matsayin mara ma'ana da haɓakawa. Itatuwan itacen apple na Zhigulevskoye sakamakon tsallakewa Borovinka da kyautar Wagner. A iri-iri ya juya ya zama quite hunturu-Hardy da sauri murmurewa bayan tsananin sanyi.
In mun gwada da low, amma bada kyau girma itatuwa na wannan kaka iri a cikin apple Orchard za a iya bambanta ta sparse m kambi dala, na farko apples kan wanda ya bayyana shekaru biyar bayan dasa. A lokaci guda, tsire-tsire suna ba da 'ya'ya a kowace shekara, suna ba da' ya'yan itatuwa masu zagaye masu laushi tare da kumburin crane, masu nauyin daga 130 zuwa 200 grams. An adana apples har sai da rabi na biyu na hunturu.
Itace Apple Bessemyanka Michurinskaya
Vwararraki mai ƙarfi, wanda aka samu ta I.V. Michurin, sakamakon tsallakewa da Bessemyanka Komsinskaya da kuma iri-iri Skrizhapel, yana da kambi mai ƙarfi da ke yadawa yana fara ba da 'ya'ya daga shekaru 5 zuwa 7 bayan dasa. Matsakaicin girman kayan itacen apple wanda bishiyoyinsu suka shuka na Bessemyanka Michurinskaya iri shine 130 kilogiram na kowace shuka.
Fulawa yana farawa a farkon rabin Mayu, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin Satumba suna yin nauyi 110-130 kuma ana bambanta su da kyakkyawan dandano. Tuffa na Bessemyanka Michurinskaya iri-iri yana da hasken rawaya mai haske da kuma haɗuwar haɗuwa da ruwan lemu da jan launi a cikin fata, wanda ke riƙe thea freshan sabo har sai Disamba. Itatuwan Apple suna yin hibernate sosai a tsakiyar layin kuma ba sa fuskantar rauni da scab. Iyakar abin da drawback da iri-iri shi ne cewa ripening apples ba su ripen a ko'ina.
