Siffofin girma peonies ciyawa

Sashe na 1. Kyakkyawan peonies - waɗanda aka fi so koyaushe
Sashe na 2. Fasali na narkar da ciyawar peonies

Peonies na Grassy na ko da mafi kyawun nau'ikan suna ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarancin rikitattun rikice-rikice na fure. Su namo mai yiwuwa ne har ma ga lambu gwaninta, kuma da bukatun girma peonies suna da suna fadin.

Abun cikin sashi na biyu:

• Yanayin da ake buƙata don peonies ciyawa
• Dasa ciyawar peonies
• Danshi da bukatun buƙatu
• Rejuvenation, trimming da tying bushes
• Ciyar da peonies ciyawa
• Wintering na ciyawa peonies
• Kwaro da Cututtuka
• Yaduwa da ciyawa peonies

Yanayin da ake buƙata don peonies ciyawa

Babban abinda ya kamata ka kula dashi yayin zabar wurin dasa shuken peony shine isasshen haske. Duk ciyawar peonies tsire-tsire ne masu ƙaunar rana, amma sun iya zuwa ga yanayin shaƙatawa da tsakar rana. Rashin isasshen hasken yana shafar adadin da ingancin furanni, saboda haka an fi sanya ciyawa mafi kyawun wurare a cikin gari. A cikin inuwa, waɗannan perennials ba sa yin fure kwatankwacinsu, amma ana kiyaye kwatancin daji koyaushe.

Kyakkyawan peonies suna ƙaunar wuraren tsaro da wuraren dumi. Sabbin nau'ikan sun kara tsayayya da harba, kada su fadi a ƙarƙashin nauyin inflorescences, amma har ma ya kamata a sanya su a kan kariya daga shafuka masu aiki. Yana da daraja a tuna cewa, kamar wardi, peonies suna buƙatar samar da isashshen iska a kusa da bushes. Ana sanya peonies daga manyan tsire-tsire, gine-gine, abubuwa na ƙananan gine-ginen - don tsire-tsire girma da numfashi kyauta.

An zaɓi ƙasa don peonies daga cikin ƙoshin hatsi da ingantattun abubuwa. Loams sun fi dacewa da waɗannan perennials - sako-sako, mara kyau, sabo (ko aƙalla ba ma bushe sosai). Peonies grassies sun fi son ɗan ƙaramin alkaline ko tsaka tsaki tsinkaye (ingantaccen pH yana daga 6 zuwa 6.5).

Tsire-tsire na iya zuwa ga yanayin acidic, amma ba ƙasa mai acidic ba, ana iya daidaita abin da za a iya inganta shi ta hanyar ƙara lemun tsami. Peonies ba za su iya yin laima ba, ba za su dace da wuraren da suke da yawan aukuwar magudanan ruwa, ƙananan ƙasa ba, wuraren da akwai haɗarin gurɓatar ruwa a bazara. Soasa mai matsi don wannan tsararrakin ba zai yi aiki ba.

Dasa ciyawar peonies

Ana yin shirin ƙasa na 'yan makonni ko wata daya kafin dasa shuki. A kan ingancin ƙasa mai inganci na peonies, digging mai zurfi ne sosai da aikace-aikacen takin gargajiya zuwa ƙasa (tsire-tsire ba sa son taki, don haka ana ƙara takin ko ganye humus zuwa ƙasa). Amma yawanci ƙasa don dasa peonies yana buƙatar haɓaka haɓakawa da inganci.

Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don shirya gaurayawar ƙasa, kowannensu yana ba da peonies da isasshen matakin abinci mai gina jiki da kuma “ƙasa” ingantacciyar ƙasa:

1. Removedasar da aka cire daga rami na dasawa an cakuda shi daidai gwargwado tare da takin, peat da yashi, yana haɓaka su da daidaitaccen yanki na cikakken ma'adinai ko phosphorus-potassium da takin ya bada shawara, mai ɗinki na itace ash. Idan ya cancanta, daidaita kayan ƙasan da yumɓu ko kayan ƙura.
2. Dasa ramuka suna cike da gaurayawar ƙasa daban-daban: a rabi ko kashi biyu bisa uku na tsawo, cakuda ƙasa mai yashi tare da yashi, peat, humus, an ɗauka daidai gwargwado ana zuba shi a cikin rami na dasawa, yana ƙara biyu superphosphate a gare su don inganta abinci mai gina jiki (200-250 g, ana iya maye gurbin shi sau biyu yawan abincin kashi), sulfate baƙin ƙarfe (isasshen tablespoon da rami na dasa), ash ash (fewan kima kaɗan ko tabarau na 3-4) da carbonate potassium (rabin tablespoon). A saman, ramin dasa yana cike da ƙasa mai gonar talakawa ba tare da ƙazanta ba.
3. An cika ramin dasawa a saman magudanar ruwa tare da wani yanki na cakuda takin, humus da takin mai sau biyu na takaddun ma'adinai tare da tsawon 20-30 cm, kuma don dasawa da cika ramuka na dasa, ana ƙara ƙasa ƙasa wanda aka ƙara takin gargajiya.

Bayar da girman rhizome da ƙin shuka don raunin tushe, dasa ramuka don ciyawar peonies ta tono har ma da dasa manyan bishiyoyi da tsirrai - kusan 60-70 cm a faɗi da zurfi. A kan kasa mai taushi ko a wuraren da akwai haɗarin tururuwa na ruwa, an sanya babban rufin manyan magudanai (aƙalla 20 cm) a ƙasan ramin dasa shuki.

Dasa ramuka suna cike da abubuwan hade da aka zaɓa, suna ba su izini su zauna kafin shuka. Idan ba a aiwatar da shiri na farko akan lokaci ba, to idan aka cika ramuran dasa shuki, ya zama tilas ne a zube da tabarmar yadudduka don guje wa rushewar ƙasa lokacin dasawa.

Lokaci dasa shuki na peonies ana iyakance saboda wani farkon lokacin furanni da kuma kusancin sassan sassa na sama a cikin hunturu. Ana dasa shukar tsire-tsire ne kawai bayan an gama fure da kuma fitar da tumbin sabuntawa da 'ya'yan itace, a farkon faɗuwar (shekarun farko da na biyu na Satumba) ko kuma a ƙarshen watan Agusta.

Nisan ƙasa don peonies ciyawa ya zama aƙalla 1. M irin wannan nesa kawai ke ba da izinin bushes su ci gaba kuma ba lanƙwasa, don samar da su lokacin farin ciki, m da sihiri.

Peonies ba sa son transplants, don haka a hankali, a hankali kula da tushen lokacin dasa shuki sabon bushes shine mabuɗin zuwa lafiyar su da tsawon rai. Ana dasa bishiyoyi a kan matattarar yashi domin bayan ƙasan ƙasan ya zama ya zurfafa, yana mai da hankali kan ƙoshin: ya kamata a sami 3-5 cm a ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Strongerarfin da ya fi ƙarfin ƙarfi zai haifar da duka rashin rashin fure da matsalolin rashin shuka, kuma dasa mafi girma zai kara haɗarin daskarewa.

Yawanci, ana shuka tsire-tsire a matakin ƙasa ko dan kadan mafi girma, wanda, bayan cika ramuka tare da ƙasa, shayarwa da shrinkage, ba ka damar samun zurfin da ake so. Lokacin dasa shuki, an haɗa ƙasa a hankali kuma ana haɗa hannu da hannu don kada wani voids tsakanin asalin sa.

Ana dasa peonies tare da yawan ciyawar gargajiya. Da farko na resistant frosts, tsire-tsire dole ciyawa domin hunturu.

Rhizome na wani peony daji.

Danshi da bukatun buƙatu

Peonies na grass sunada tsayayye kuma basu iya fassarawa, suna bukatar karancin ruwa yayin lokacin furanni.

A zahiri, akwai ban ruwa mai mahimmanci biyu kawai:

1. a karshen watan Yuni, yin ban ruwa damar peonies ta samar da ingancin farfadowa mai inganci;
2. a karshen watan Agusta, watering stimulates da girma da karfi tushen asalin.

Amma in ze yiwu, ba za a iya iyakance ga ruwa biyu kawai ba. Watering a mataki na budding da fure, da kuma a lokacin da aiki girma na ganye, ba ka damar samun ƙarin ban sha'awa da kuma lush flowering bushes. Ana gudanar da ruwa a lokacin fari kawai, rama don rashin isasshen matakin halitta.

A shuka bai yi haƙuri waterlogging, stagnation na ruwa, sabili da haka, daya goyon baya watering na mako daya isa. Bayan fure, ba za a iya shayar da peonies ba, amma waɗannan ƙarin hanyoyin suna ba ka damar kiyaye ganye mai kyan gani. Babban abu ba shine overdo shi.

Lokacin gudanar da kowane ban ruwa don peonies ciyawa, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa an sanya ƙasa ta cika da zurfin asalin sa. Yawancin lokaci ga kowane daji yana da Dole a yi amfani da daidaitaccen lita 10, amma bulo na ruwa 2-3. Ana shayar da peonies kawai da yamma, a ranakun da zafin jiki na dare, ba ruwa mai sanyi ba. Ana iya yin sauƙaƙe a ruwa ta hanyar kwanciya sadarwa don “tabo” shayarwa a ƙarƙashin tushe ko kuma ƙirƙirar ramuka na ruwa.

Rejuvenation, trimming da tying bushes

Peonies na fure yana da dawwama, na iya farantawa shekaru da yawa, amma saboda tsananin girma da bunƙasa, ingancin tsiron su yana ƙaruwa da shekaru, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya fara wahala a kan bushes fiye da shekaru 7-10. Za'a iya raba busassun peonies ciyawa iri-iri, akai-akai, tare da adadin 1 a cikin shekaru 5-8. Rarraba bushes ne da za'ayi ne kawai a ƙarshen lokacin rani ko farkon kaka.

Iri na peonies tare da tsayayyun harbe, kazalika da bushes girma a cikin wuraren bude, tare da farkon fure a ƙarƙashin nauyin shugabannin ba tare da garter na lokaci ba, da sauri fada baya, rasa kamshinsu. Furanni masu marmari kwance a ƙasa - wurin da ba ɗayan mafi kyawu. Sabili da haka, a farkon girma na farfajiya kuma a mataki na budding, ana ɗaure peonies don kar a ba da izinin rassan don tanƙwara, lanƙwasa, karya.

Akwai tallafi na musamman akan daji don siyarwa, amma ana iya ɗaure pegs ɗin zuwa tsintsin gida mai sauƙi wanda aka girka a kusa da daji, tare daɗaɗa daji kusa da daji tare da igiya mai laushi ko igiya a mataki na budding da kuma ɗaga da'irar yayin da furanni ke tashi da sanduna na fure.

Taimako don kiyaye peony daji daga faɗuwa.

Ana cire furanni daga peonies ta hanyoyi daban-daban, ya danganta da cewa an yanke furanni zuwa bouquets ko an bar ta a daji don bayyana cikakkiyar adon ado:

1. An yanke rassan cikin bouquets kafin su yi fure, bayan canza launi da filayen waje a halayyar launi iri-iri a cikin nau'ikan sauƙi da na biyu, ko kuma bayan buɗewa, ana karkatar da ƙananan furannin - a cikin nau'ikan terry densely. Duk wani ciyawa na peony na iya cirewa sama da rabin dukkan furanni, saboda duk irin harbe-harbe yana haifar da rushewa daga tsarin sanya lamuran da za'a iya sabuntawa. Yanke furanni tare da kafafu har zuwa 40 cm tsayi, tabbatar da barin harbi tare da ganye 2-3 a cikin daji. Ana yanke peonies da sanyin safiya, kawai a kan kyawawan kwanaki, nan da nan sanya furanni a cikin ruwa da sanyi. Don bouquets, ana sabunta yanka a ƙarƙashin ruwa.
2. Don samun furanni mafi girma da mafi kyawu, ana iya cire buds gefen, yana barin kawai tsakiya akan kowane shoot.
3. An yanka furanni masu lalacewa bayan fara faduwar ganyen. Ba shi yiwuwa a bar furanni ƙheredƙasassu a daji, tunda wannan yana ƙara haɗarin yaduwar cututtuka da kamuwa da shuka. Idan kana son barin ƙwayayen su yi toho, to, furanni 1-2 daga farkon an bar su a daji, cire sauran. Yankan shinge iri-iri da aka yi ba da za'ayi shine a gindi ba, amma barin sashin ganyen harbe ya samar da buds.
4. A kan sabon peony bushes, na farko shekaru biyu bayan dasa, ba bu mai kyau don ba da damar flowering ta samar da iko rhizomes da karfi farfadowa buds.

Pre-hunturu pruning na peonies ne mai m gwargwado. Amma bai kamata ku aiwatar da shi da wuri ba. Yatse na peony bushes ya kamata a dakatarda har farko na barga sanyi. A cikin tsire-tsire, ana cire duk sassan iska, yana barin hemp 3-4 cm sama da buds na sabuntawa, kusan a matakin ƙasa. Duk an yanke sassan peonies ciyawa suna ƙonewa ba tare da barin ƙaddarar ba kuma amfani dashi don sarrafawa. Yana da kyau a yayyafa ragowar daji tare da itacen ash don hana yaduwar cututtuka.

Ciyar da peonies ciyawa

Domin shuka don farantawa tare da adadi mai yawa na fure, don nuna cikakkiyar kaddarorin ta, ya zama dole don cike gurbin abubuwan gina jiki a kai a kai. Ana ciyar da peonies grass daidai gwargwadon hanya don duk tsirrai masu fure, ƙara kayan riguna uku a kowace kakar:

1. A farkon girma girma. Don ciyarwa ta farko, ya fi dacewa a yi amfani da takin nitrogen don tayar da hanzarin girma na harbe da ganye.
2. A mataki na budding. Don riguna na biyu na sama, ana amfani da takin ma'adinai mai cikakken daidai.
3. A ganiya na fure. Ana iya maye gurbin wannan rigar miya ta hanyoyin guda biyu - a farkon farawar furannin farko da kuma ƙarshen fure. Don waɗannan riguna masu kyau, an fi so a yi amfani da takin mai magani na phosphorus-potassium.

Idan an yi ciyawar peonies don namo ko iri iri tare da rashin ƙarfi na hunturu wanda ba a san shi ba, to a maimakon girke-girke na gargajiya, zaku iya ciyar da farkon girma tare da nitrogen ko cikakken takin, a watan Yuni tare da takin gargajiya ko cikakken takin ma'adinai, kuma a watan Satumba tare da takin gargajiya na potassium da phosphate.

Ingancin inflorescences da kuma yanayin yanayin tsirrai gaba ɗaya suna da fa'ida ta hanyar fesawa tare da masu haɓaka haɓaka da kayan miya. Irin waɗannan hanyoyin ana yin su ne kawai a lokacin bazara kuma ba su wuce lokaci 1 a kowane wata. Young tsire-tsire amsa musamman da kyau zuwa foliar saman miya.

Saurayi na ciyawar peony.

Baya ga hanyoyin kulawa na yau da kullun, ya kamata a sa wasu techniquesan dabaru na aikin gona a cikin shirin don kula da ciyawar peonies:

1. mulching ƙasa, tare da wajibcin sabuntawa na ciyawa Layer a cikin bazara (yana da kyau a yi amfani da takin gargajiya ko cakuda ƙasa da ƙwayoyin cuta tare da ruɓa har zuwa 10 cm);
2. farawa; cire kullun sako;
3. kwance ƙasa don kula da ruwa, wanda yake kyawawa don aiwatar bayan kowace ban ruwa ko ruwan sama mai nauyi.

Wintering na ciyawa peonies

Duk da gaskiyar cewa lambu peonies suna dauke hunturu-Hardy shuke-shuke, wanda ya isa ya manta cewa su farfadowa buds an located high kuma ba su da kariya ta isa Layer na kasar gona. Peonies hunturu da kyau kawai a karkashin dusar ƙanƙara, don haka ya fi kyau a ɗauki matakan da suka dace kuma ƙirƙirar mafaka mai haske wanda ke tabbatar da nasarar hunturu ko da a cikin lokacin dusar ƙanƙara.

Don peonies, suna da haɗari sosai don dumama, saboda haka basa amfani da ganye ko bambaro don tsari. Zai fi kyau ƙirƙirar lokacin farin ciki na peat ko ciyawa mai kauri akan bushes da aka shirya don hunturu (ƙarancin - 5-7 cm). Amma irin wannan tsari ana ɗaukar shi a matsayin na tilas ne kawai ga samari da 'yan cuwa-cuwa iri-iri, ba a san ɗayan abin da (a baya). Ba za a iya rufe tsire-tsire da aka saya a cikin ɗakin girke-girke na gida a cikin girma ba.

A cikin bazara, bai kamata ku yi sauri don cire Layer na ciyawa ba: an cire tsari kawai bayan bayyanar harbe-harbe masu launin ja da kuma farkon ci gaban harbe. Cire tsari daga cikin tsari ya kamata a aiwatar dashi a hankali, saboda matsowan matasa suna da rauni sosai. Bayan cire tsari, ƙasa a kusa da daji dole ne a kwance.

Pingin peonies na hunturu.

Kwaro da Cututtuka

Yawancin launin toka yana da yaɗuwa musamman akan ciyawar peonies, wanda ake ganin shine babban dalilin asarar waɗannan ƙwayoyin herbaceous. Slightarancin karkacewa a cikin halaye na ƙasa zuwa haɗin gwiwa, amsawar acid ko wuce haddi mai ƙarfi sosai ƙara haɗarin lalacewar bushes. Amma banda launin toka, a kan ciyawa peonies, gama gari cututtuka na lambu shuke-shuke ba haka ba kasada - daga spotting zuwa tushe da kuma tushen rot, powdery mildew har ma da tsatsa.

Don nau'in da ba a iya canzawa ba daga peonies ciyawa, hanyar da ta fi dacewa don guje wa matsaloli ita ce rigakafin lokaci da rigakafin yau da kullun. Isasshen magani na shekara-shekara tare da maganin maganin sarkar sulfate (daga tsatsa - tare da cakuda cakuda, daga mildew foda tare da sulfur na colloidal) ko fungicide na tsari don kare tsire-tsire daga kamuwa da cuta. Yin gwagwarmaya kan bushes da ke cutar ya zama mai tsawo kuma ba koyaushe yake nasara ba. Don shawo kan wannan matsala, ana buƙatar jiyya na tsari tare da fungicides da magani na rigakafi a farkon bazara a nan gaba.

Karin kwari a kan peonies ciyawa ba su da yawa. Amma aphids, ticks da thrips ba zasu iya yin lahani ba fiye da cututtuka. Zai fi kyau a yaki kwari da kwari tare da kwari da keɓaɓɓu tare da yawaita da maida hankali ga mai samarwa.

Yaduwa da ciyawa peonies

Kamar kowane peonies, nau'in peonies ciyawa na iya yaduwa ta zuriyarsu da hanyoyin ciyayi.

Hanya mafi sauki don samun zuriya daga ciyawa peonies, cikakken adana dukkan halaye na asalin shuka, tare da sake farfadowa daga cikin bushes da rabuwa.Kawai waɗannan peonies ne kawai suke rarrabe, a cikin abin da aƙalla harbe-fashe guda 7 cike da cikakkiyar fure ya faru shekaru da yawa.

Mafi kyawun lokacin rabuwa ya zo daidai da ranar sauka - daga rabi na biyu na watan Agusta zuwa ƙarshen Satumba. Kafin ka fara tono, yana da daraja a rage duk harbe da shuka, barin ba ɗan gajarta, game da 15 cm tsayi, tsutsotsi akan kowane mai tushe.

Raba wani daji na ciyawar peony.

Hanyar kanta tana da ɗan rikitarwa ta wurin rashin ƙarfi daga tushen tushen pions:

1. Ana haƙa bushes ɗin sosai a hankali, tare da babban dunƙarar ƙasa, ƙoƙarin kada ya lalata saurayi da tsofaffin asalinsu. Zai fi kyau cire wani daji, da farko tono shi akan tsayayyun radius, sannan kuma tuni - cire babbar dunbin dajin.
2. Ya danganta da yanayin ƙasa, ana girgiza shi a hankali ko an wanke shi da ruwan rafi mai laushi, yana fallasa rhizome don dubawa. Bayan cire babban ƙasa, an bincika daji a hankali kuma an bar shi ya bushe don sa'o'i da yawa.
3. An rarraba busasshen daji tare da wuka mai kaifi ko wani kayan aiki mai kaifi wanda ya sa aƙalla harbe harbe 2-3, sabbin walaukar sabbin abubuwa 3 da sababbi mai ƙarfi suna kasancewa a kowane bangare (mafi girman girman rhizome da aka raba shine kusan 10-15 cm). Dukansu manya da ƙanana delenki, kamar bushes gabaɗaya, ba su ɗauki tushe sosai kuma suna buƙatar kulawa da hankali.
4. Ana bincika kowane rarrabuwa, cire sassan lalacewa na tushen. Duk sassan da fashewa a kan shuka dole ne a bi da su tare da toka ko shirye-shirye na musamman don magance raunuka. Kafin dasa, ya fi kyau jiƙa da tsire-tsire a cikin mafita na fungicides, sa'an nan kuma dasa tushen kara kuzari, amma irin wannan magani ba a matsayin m. Akingaƙa ana shafawa kafin a rage shi.
5. Dasa kayan share of peonies ciyawa ana aiwatar da su bisa ga ka'idodi iri ɗaya da dasa peonies gabaɗaya. Tsire-tsire suna rabuwa a ƙarshen bazara suna ɗaukar tushe sosai kuma suna girma da ƙarfi, amma za su yi fure kawai a shekara ta biyu ko ta uku bayan dasawa (koda kuwa bushes ya fito da furanni a farkon shekara ko na biyu, yana da kyau kada su ƙyale su su yi fure, domin a shekara ta uku za su ƙara girma kuma su sami yalwa furanni).

Hakanan ana yaduwar peonies na fure a cikin wata hanyar ciyawa - ta hanyar yanke itace ko ta kowane mutum mai tushe tare da buds da asalinsu. Bushesananan bushes na rhizome tare da toho mai barci guda ɗaya a gindin harba guda sun rabu daga bushes. Wannan hanya zai fi kyau ba a farkon kaka ba, amma a watan Yuli, nan da nan rage ƙarar zuwa ganye 2 zuwa 3.

Kafe seedlings, kamar talakawa cuttings a kan seedling gadaje (ba tare da hula, amma tare da akai kulawa). A cikin hunturu, ana rufe tsire-tsire tare da lokacin farin ciki na ciyawa, sannan kuma suke girma peonies shekaru da yawa, suna karbar tsire-tsire na fure kawai don shekara ta biyar bayan dasawa.

Tsarin iri shine hanya da ake amfani da ita wajen zaɓar ciyawar ciyawa kuma ba a taɓa yin amfani da ita ba a cikin gidajen lambuna masu zaman kansu (sabanin takwarorin bishiyoyi da tsire-tsire). Amma idan kana son gwada hannunka a wajen kiwo sabbin peonies, to shuka ya fi kyau a lokacin hunturu. Peonies za su yi fure kawai a shekara ta huɗu ko biyar.

Kashi na farko na kayan: Peonies peonies yafi so a koyaushe