Babban burin kowane ɗan lambu shine samun ingantaccen girbi na ingantacciya, 'ya'yan itatuwa masu daɗi ko berries. Don wannan, kowane al'ada yana buƙatar kulawa da hankali a kan lokaci, bin ka'idodi don yanayin girma da fasaha na aikin gona. Daga farkon bazara zuwa ƙarshen kaka, mai aikin lambu yana aiki a shafin sa. Amma don kada ayyukan su kasance a banza, kuna buƙatar sanin yadda ake kulawa da tsire-tsire yadda yakamata. A yau za muyi magana game da yadda ake samun babban amfanin gona daga tsire-tsire irin rasberi ...
Kula da tsire-tsire Rasberi ya ƙunshi shayarwa, weeding, kwance ƙasa, amfani da takin zamani, magance cututtuka da kwari, da ɗaure harbe zuwa trellis.
Rasberi (Rasberi)Samuwar ɓawon burodi na ƙasa da kuma bayyanar ciyawar ƙaƙƙarfan hankali yana rage haɓakar raspberries, don haka akai weeding na zamani da haɓaka wajibi ne. Na farko bazara loosening ne da za'ayi a farkon-wuri. Kulawa na lokaci-lokaci yana ba da damar yin amfani da iska a cikin tushen, danshi a cikin ƙasa ya daɗe kuma yana da kyau kuma an samar da yanayi mai dacewa don haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta. Za a kwance layuka zuwa zurfin kusan 10-15 cm, kuma a cikin layuka - by 5-8 cm. Dole ne a kammala shimfidar hatsi da weeding kafin a buɗe furanni, jinkirtawa tare da waɗannan hanyoyin aikin gona na rage yawan amfanin gona. Ana gudanar da jiyya mai zuwa kamar yadda ake samar da ɓoyayyen ƙasa da kuma bayyanuwar ciyawa, tsawon lokacin - 4-6 kwance. Ana yin wasan na ƙarshen tare da juyin juya halin Layer a ƙarshen kaka, a ƙarshen girma. A wannan yanayin, karin kwari da ke zaune a farfajiya sun fada cikin zurfin yadudduka na ƙasa kuma suka mutu, kuma kwari da ke yin ƙasa mai zurfi a cikin ƙasa, ya yi akasin haka, su sami kansu a saman ƙasa kuma su mutu daga dusar sanyi. Ba za ku iya tayar da tsire-tsire na hunturu ba, saboda an girka fure wanda sabbin harbe ya ɗora sama sama da ƙasa, kuma sababbin tsire-tsire suna raguwa a shekara mai zuwa. A lokacin da mulching wani dasa, da bukatar loosening vuya.
Me ke tantance yawan aiki na raspberries?
Da fari dai, daga wadataccen isasshen danshi, musamman ma a kudu, inda ba shi yiwuwa a sami amfanin gona mai yawa ba tare da ban ruwa na wucin gadi ba. Babban kuskuren da aka saba yi yayin shayar da bishiyoyi shine cewa lambu ke shayar da shi kadan a kowace rana. Irin wannan ruwa ana iya ɗaukar shakatawa, tun da danshi yana ɗaukar ruwan sama kawai, ba tare da ya shiga cikin tushen yankin ba. Zai fi kyau a gudanar da mafi wuya amma ban ruwa mai yalwa, saboda tushen tushe (25-35 cm) yana bushe sosai. Adadin ban ruwa an saita shi bisa yanayin yanayi, ajiyar ruwa a cikin ƙasa da mawuyacin lokaci na haɓakar rasberi. Watering kafin fure da kuma lokacin girma da kuma ripening na berries da muhimmanci sosai. A lokacin girbi, ana yin sharar ruwa kai tsaye bayan tarin berries, saboda ta tara tarin na gaba ƙasar zata iya bushewa. Yawan ban ruwa - 30-40 l / m2. A ƙarshen kaka, don ƙara ajiyar danshi kafin lokacin hunturu, ana yin yawan ruwa a yawan 50-60 l / m2. Da zarar an gama wannan ban ruwa, da mafi kyawun harbe za hunturu.
Rasberi (Rasberi)Dole ne a tuna cewa waterlogging na iya haifar da raspberries babu ƙasa da lalacewa fiye da fari. Hadarinsa ya ta'allaka ne ba kawai cewa iska ba zata iya zuwa tushen ba, har ma a gaskiyar cewa ƙasa a wannan yanayin ta zama sanyi, tunda ba a kashe zafin rana akan dumamarsa, amma akan ɗumbin danshi. Wannan na iya jinkirta ci gaban tsirrai, musamman ma a bazara.
Saboda haka, danshi abun ciki a cikin ƙasa ya kamata a kula da tsayawa a duk lokacin da ruwa, sanyi lokaci na watering.
Ana yin ruwa a hanyoyi da yawa. Ana amfani da daskarewa sosai a wuraren lambun. Mafi yawanci ana shayar dasu kai tsaye daga bututu ko tsarin ban ruwa daban-daban ana shigar dasu. Tare da irin waɗannan hanyoyin, kwararar ruwan yana da girma sosai, bawai kawai ana shayar da tsire-tsire da yawa ba, har ma da hanyoyin. Irrigarin ban ruwa ban ruwa na tattalin arziƙi akan juji. A kusa da layuka na raspberries, rollers earthen ana ɗaukar su tare da tsayin 10-15 cm, wanda ya sa tsirrai su kasance a cikin tsagi, waɗanda suke cika su, kawai ta hanyar sanya tiyo a ciki. Lokacin da shayar kai tsaye daga rijiyoyin, ba tare da dumama ruwan ba, ƙasa tana sanyaya sanyi sosai, wanda ke shafar ci gaba da fruiting na raspberries. Bugu da kari, lokacin da yayyafawa da ban ruwa ban ruwa da wuya a sami daidaiton danshi na ƙasa. Mafi alkawura shi ne ban ruwa mai ban ruwa, wanda yake yiwuwa a tsaurara matakan samar da ruwa da takin zamani zuwa ga tushen, ruwan ya shiga tushen warmed sama, kasar gona yana moistened gaba ɗaya a cikin dukkan layuka.
Tsirrai masu bushewa suna rage bukatar ban ruwa sau 3-4.
Rasberi (Rasberi)Yawan kayayyakin Rasberi shima ya dogara da yawan amfanin ƙasa. A lokacin da yin pre-dasa norms na takin mai magani a cikin shekaru biyu na farko, ba za ka iya yi ba tare da hadi. Koyaya, yayin da ake haɓaka amfanin gona, raspberries suna cire abubuwa da yawa daga ƙasa. Yawancin batura ana yin su sakamakon leaching, tare da cire ciyawar, ƙarin annualan shekara, da dai sauransu Duk waɗannan asarar da dole ne a yi. Bugu da kari, raspberries ciyar da mai yawa na gina jiki a kan samuwar babban adadin tushen zuriya da harbe na maimakon. Sabili da haka, fara daga shekara ta uku na aiki, tsirrai suna buƙatar miya kai tsaye na yau da kullun. Kawai kawai za ku iya dogaro kan babban yawan amfanin ƙasa na manyan berries.
Kafin shiga fruiting, ana ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da takin mai magani na nitrogen. A cikin bazara, kafin a girbi ƙasa, an kara da ammonium nitrate - 15-20 g / m2, nitroammophoska - 30-50 g / m2 ko 50 g na superphosphate, 15 g na ammonium nitrate da 20-30 g na potash ana amfani da takin mai magani na itace. Bayan an girbe, ana amfani da 50-80 g na nitroammophoska ko 20-30 g na ammonium nitrate, 60 g na superphosphate da 20-30 g na takin potash ana amfani da su 1 m2. A ƙarshen lokacin girma, farawa daga shekara ta uku, ana amfani da takin gargajiya - 3-4 kg / m2, watsar da su a ƙarƙashin bushes.
Rasberi (Rasberi)Raspberries samar da babban adadin harbe na canzawa da tushen harbe. Idan kun bar duk harbe sun girma, ba da daɗewa ba za su mamaye duk sararin samaniya a cikin shuka ba. Ba shi yiwuwa a kula da matsanancin plantings, banda, ƙasa tana da sauri a cikin waɗannan wuraren, kuma ana rage yawan amfanin ƙasa sosai. Yawan harbe dole ne a al'ada. Ana iya samun yawan amfanin ƙasa tare da faɗin layi na kusan 50 cm (ko harbe 12-15 a kowace mita mai layi, ko harbe 6-7 a kowane daji). A watan Mayu, lokacin da matasa suka girma zuwa 20-25 cm a tsayi, an bar 10-20 harbe a cikin daji, kuma a cikin bazara na shekara mai zuwa suna aiwatar da daidaituwa na karshe, yankan rauni mai rauni kuma ya lalace a farkon tushe, ba tare da barin hemp ba. Rasberi wanda ya mutu ya mutu ya zama dole a cire shi. Idan wannan ba a yi shi nan da nan bayan fruiting, bushewa harbe harbe za su dauke wani ɓangare na abinci mai gina jiki daga matasa. Shootsutattun da aka sare suna da ƙone mafi kyau, saboda suna iya ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta da kwari. Tunda dabarun bishiyoyin rassa basa da amfani, ana shawartasu da su rage su zuwa 15 cm a lokacin bazara.Haka kuma ana amfani da pinching lokacin rani don tayar da haɓaka - a watan Yuni, ana yaɗa matattarar matasa a tsayi daga 90-100 cm, yana tayar da haɓakar harbe-harbe a gefe. Ta hanyar faɗuwa, sun sami nasarar kammala haɓaka da kuma shirya don hunturu. A kan wannan harba, ana saka kwano biyu na 'ya'yan itace fiye da wanda ba a sassaka ba, bi da bi, kuma yawan amfanin sa ya ninka sau 2-3.
Saboda haka harbe a ƙarƙashin nauyin berries ba ya kwance kuma kada ya karye, a cikin bazara, lokacin da suke gudanar da kwalliyar al'ada, suna ɗaure zuwa trellises. Don shigarwa na trellis tare da layuka kowane 5-8 m, ana shigar da ginshiƙai game da 2 m high, ana layuka 2-3 na waya a tsakninsu, wanda aka ɗaure harbe, a ko'ina ana rarraba su kowane 7-10 cm. Lesawannin a tsayi na 130-150 cm ja layuka biyu na waya a nesa na 10 cm daga juna. Ana ɗaukar tushe mai tushe tsakanin su, kuma don kada waya ta raba, an ja shi tare da shirye-shiryen bidiyo. Aiwatar da T-dimbin yawa trellis. Wayar da ke jikinta an ja shi a nisan m 1 daga juna. Partangare na harbe an ɗaure shi a gefe ɗaya, wani ɓangare zuwa ɗayan - wannan shine mai garter mai kaifi biyu mai kyau. Fruiting harbe ana samun karkata zuwa ga hanyoyin, kuma matasa harbe girma a tsakiyar jere kuma kada ku tsoma baki tare da ci gaban fruiting.
Rasberi (Rasberi)Yana da mahimmanci girbi a cikin lokaci, saboda raspberries overripe raspberries sun rasa safiyar su kuma sun zama ba sa iyawa. Don amfani da shafin yanar gizon, ana girbe Berry cikakke cikakke, cire shi daga tushe. Don kawowa a kan nesa mai nisa - dan kadan m. Kwanan nan, a cikin kasuwanni, berries da aka tattara tare da manoma sun shahara sosai. Farashin irin waɗannan isan itacen ya fi wanda ake girmar berries ba tare da mai siyarwa ba.
