Kurangar inabi na cikin gida - tsire-tsire ba kawai ninki bane, amma kuma abin mamaki filastik a cikin amfanin su. A kan tallafi, kawai a cikin tukwane, a cikin ampel ko kuma an fasalta su cikin zane-zanen nesa har ma da zane-zane, suna ba da shawarar kawo manyan kwayoyi da lafazi na tsaye a cikin ƙirar. Hoya, wadda ta zama ainihin tsararriyar shuka ta sabon karni, ba banbanci. Nau'in, soaring da m kwallaye na inflorescences tare da sabon abu-taurari-taurari captivate a farkon gani. Kuma ba shi da wahala a kula da hoyas, ko “lemo leys”.
Hoya - alatu na cikin gida mai ban sha'awa fure
Hoyas sun shahara sosai wanda wasu lokuta ana iya samo su ba a cikin shagunan fure ba, amma a cikin shagunan kyauta. Gaskiya ne, wannan ba game da katunan inabi ba ne, amma game da ganyayyaki ne kawai: kore "zukata" waɗanda suka samo tushe a cikin tukunya babban kyauta ne ga ranar soyayya. Amma cikakkun hoyas sun sami matsayin ɗayan thean itacen 'tabbatacce'. Dankin ya karɓi lakabi na "mutane" na "sunflower" da "kidan kakin zuma" don da alama mai laushi, yanayin taurari da ba a saba gani ba a cikin ƙusoshin tarihin da kuma ganyen ganye.
Meaty hoya (Hoya carnosa).
Hoya (Hoya) wani tsinkaye ne na hawa dutse, mai rarrafe tsutsa ko tsutsa da tsirrai tare da tsayi da tsayi. Tsawon hoya daga 15 cm zuwa 2 m. Gaskiya ne, ƙananan tsire-tsire suna kafe ganyen kerra hoya, yayin da duk al'adun manya sun fi girma, kodayake yana iyakance a tsayi ta tallafin da suke girma. Hoyas ba su girma ba tare da tallafi ba, kuma zaɓi na musamman tsari da nau'in tallafi yana ba ku damar sauya shuka da girmanta kamar yadda kuke so. Ganyen hoya suna da duhu, mai kauri, amma ba lokacin farin ciki ba, fata, kullun gaba daya kuma akasin haka. Kuma siffar da girman ganyen kowane hoi na iya zama daban.
Hoya Bloom daga Mayu zuwa Oktoba. Furanni na wannan creeper asali ne da ba a saba dasu ba, alherine, mai hoto, tare da sabon tsari mai ban mamaki: a cikin manyan “tauraro” biyar masu nuna bambanci akwai wani kambi mai raunin tauraro. Dukansu nau'in maƙarƙashiya da ainihin fatansu, kuma wani lokacin kusan rubutun furry ya bambanta tsirran kuma ya sanya shi almara. Ana tattara taurarin furen Hoya daga laima-dimbin yawa inflorescences, wanda mafi yawan lokuta za, rataye kamar kwandon sihiri na sihiri. A tsakanin tsire-tsire, akwai nau'ikan launuka tare da fari, ruwan hoda da launi mai tsami, yayin da kusan kullun tauraron taurari ake yin ado da kambi mai duhu ko mai haske a cikin cibiyar. Kyakkyawan fasalin duka hoi shine ikon fitar da ƙanshi mai daɗi mai ban mamaki da daddare.
Nau'in Hoya
Kamar yadda ake yin fure, Kerra da hoya mai laushi sune suka fi zama ruwan dare.
A Hoya Kerra (Hoya kerrii) harbe a tsawon iya isa mita 2. Amma ba kowane abu bane mai sauƙin fashewa da ke jawo hankalin mutane, amma manyan fata na ganye suna kama da zuciyar jujjuyawar zuciya. Tsawon tsayi da fadi, ganyen wannan hoya ya kai 15 cm, kuma launinsu - m, kore mai haske - yana haifar da jin daɗin sabo. Umbrella-dimbin yawa inflorescences suna m. Sun tattara fararen furanni da yawa tare da kyakkyawar cibiyar duhu da launi mai tsami mai laushi. Jinsi a hankali yana girma, a al'adar dakin ya tsaya cik kuma yana da kyakkyawan “sarrafawa”. Baya ga shuka mai tushe, nau'in variegate tare da ganyen cream ya shahara sosai.
Hoya Kerrii
Abubuwan lambu masu mahimmanci kuma mafi daidaituwa a cikin girman hoya mai nama (Hoya carnosa) Wannan shuka ce wacce aka fara kirata kakin zuma ivy. Harbe Liana yayi girma zuwa 1 m, amma zai wuce takwarorinta na al'adar mashahuri. An m, idan ba m shuka bukatar garter, flaunting fleshy, wajen duhu m ganye na nuna siffar, karami fiye da sauran nau'in. Idan ka duba a hankali, to, a kan ganyen ƙura mai da kakin zuma zaka iya ganin ƙaramin abu mai laushi da shuɗi. Wannan hoya yakai kazaran bushes, ganyayyakinsa suna da kullun. Inflorescences suna zaune a takaice, a cikin kananan laima. Raba furanni da aka yi da kakin zuma mai kyan gani suna da kyau, masu hoto tare da kambi a tsakiyar, suna ba da bambanci ga duka inflorescence. Baya ga ainihin tsari, akwai ƙarin ƙaramin ƙarami-hoya.
Meaty hoya (Hoya carnosa).
Hakanan yana da kyau a kula da sauran nau'ikan hoya:
- Ampel kananan-leaved kyakkyawa kyau hoya (Hoya bella) wani nau'in dwarf ne wanda, kodayake bashi da na kowa, shima yana da ado. Ba haka ba ne lush, amma mafi densely ganye, tare da kyawawan ganye har zuwa 3 cm tsawon m a cikin siffar tare da nuna tip da yawa kananan drooping star furanni tare da cibiyar rasberi.
- Hoya mai girma (Hoya imperialis) - kallo mai kyau tare da harbe-harben kwalabe, babban m ganye har zuwa 20 cm tsawo tare da zagaye gefen a gindi kuma ya nuna a cikin ape. Furannin suna taruwa ne a cikin labulen rataye, ruwan hoda-ja, tare da kambi mai wahalar gani, kamar wahayi.
- Hoya mai dumbin yawa (Hoya multiflora) wani tsari ne mai karami tare da kunkuntar, har zuwa ganye na 14 cm, baqi da bakin ciki, manyan jijiyoyi da furanni masu launin shuɗi, a cikin abin da murfin waje yake kamar yana juyawa baya. Wannan hoya ya zama sanannen saboda ƙanshin lemun tsami, tare da tunatarwa da taurari masu harbi furanni waɗanda aka tattara a cikin inflorescences har zuwa furanni 40 kowane.
Kyakkyawan Hoya (Hoya bella).
Hoya mai girma (Hoya imperialis).
Hoya multiflora (Hoya multiflora).
Hoyas sune creepers waɗanda basu da wahalar girma. Amma suna buƙatar kulawa da hankali sosai, sanya idanu akai-akai da kuma daidaita yanayin a hankali kaɗan alamar "rashin gamsuwa." Wadannan kyawawan abubuwa suna buƙatar masu mallakar masu kulawa, masu kulawa waɗanda zasu iya biyan duk bukatunsu kuma suna ba da kulawa da ta dace.
Hoya kula a gida
Walƙiya Ivy Lighting
Hoya daidai take a matsayin tsire-tsire masu dogaro da haske. Don haɓaka waɗannan kyawawan kayan ado, ba tare da la'akari da nau'in ba, kuna buƙatar zaɓar wurare masu haske. Amma a lokaci guda, yana da kyau a kiyaye daga hasken rana kai tsaye a lokacin rani (a sauran ragowar shekara ba su da ban tsoro), har ma da ƙaramin inuwa na hoya. Sills na yamma da na gabas taga ya dace don hoya. A cikin hunturu, ana iya matsar da hoya zuwa windows ta kudu, amma shuka ba zai wahala sosai kuma idan ya kasance a wuri guda. Zai fi kyau kare hoya daga karuwa mai yawa a cikin haske a cikin bazara, sannu a hankali dacewa da sabon yanayi.
Lura cewa hoya ba zai iya yin haƙuri da kowane canjin wuri ba, yana daga matakin budding zuwa tsakiyar fure. Ba za a iya dasa tsire-tsire daga wuri zuwa wuri ba, an sake shirya shi cikin sabon yanayi, zai fi kyau kada a juya tukunya kwata-kwata, saboda hoya na iya zubar da ɓullar da aka kafa.
Zazzabi mai nutsuwa
Hoya ba zai haifar da matsala ba tare da zaɓin yanayin zafi. Wannan liana zai kasance da kwanciyar hankali a kewayon ɗakuna na yau da kullun, ba ya jin tsoron matsanancin zafi, amma ya kai mafi girma ado a cikin sanyi, a yanayin zafi kusan digiri 18-20. A yanayin zafin jiki na al'ada, hoya za a iya girma a duk shekara, amma ya fi dacewa a rage zafin jiki daga Nuwamba zuwa Fabrairu aƙalla wasu digiri. Minimumarancin mafi ƙarancin yanayin zafi don yarda da liana shine digiri 12-15 don mafi yawan hoi da digiri 18 don kyakkyawan hoi.
Hoyi son sabo da iska. Dakunan da suke girma suna da kyau suna samun iska a kai a kai. Amma a lokaci guda, baza'a iya fitar da tsiron zuwa tsaftataccen iska ba, kuma a cikin lokacin sanyi, an kiyaye kariya daga hoya daga yanayin iska mai sanyi.
Watering da zafi
Duk da girman da suke da shi, hoya baya son yalwar wuce gona da iri kuma suna bukatar tsarin kula don ban ruwa. Wadannan shayarwa ana shayar da su ba da sauƙi ba, yana barin babban prosharka na duniya a cikin tukwane ya bushe tsakanin hanyoyin. A wannan yanayin, cikakken fari bai kamata a ƙyale shi ba, yana riƙe haske, tabbataccen yanayin kwanciyar hankali. Tun daga watan Oktoba, an rage ruwa zuwa duk gidan, yana bawa mai damar bushewa yawa tsakanin hanyoyin, amma har yanzu ba ya kawo duniya ta zama bushewa gaba daya.
Hoya son zafi sosai, amma bai isa ba don ƙirƙirar yanayin greenhouse don kyawawan vines. Don waɗannan masu hawa dutse masu tsauri, ya isa ya samar da spraying na ganye, wanda zai rama ko da aikin dumama tsarin. Yayin hanyoyin, yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar da cewa ruwa ba ya hau kan furanni, fesa tsire a hankali kuma a kan ganyayyaki kawai. Idan hoya ta girma a cikin yanayin dakin sanyi, to lallai humaira bata da mahimmanci a gareta. Amma idan an shuka itacen inabin a cikin wuta, to ya kamata a yayyafa ganyen duk lokacin da ya yiwu.
Kuma don shayarwa, kuma don feshin ruwa, kuna buƙatar amfani da ruwa mai laushi. Hard, ba a kare ruwa zai haifar da stains a cikin ganyayyaki.
Baya ga hanyoyin da aka saba, tsabtace kullun na ganye daga ƙura ya kamata a saka shi a cikin shirin kula da kyakkyawa. Ana iya yin aikin mafi kyau sau ɗaya a mako ta amfani da dattin soso ko zane.
Hoya cinnamon-leaved (Hoya cinnamomifolia).
Hoya ta Hoya (Hoya lacunosa).
Hoya kumbakal (Hoya kansarma).
Hoya Abinci
Duk da girman girman shuka, hoya baya buƙatar babban riguna, mahimmin saman kayan miya. A cikin wannan siga, yayi kama da yawancin amfanin gona na cikin gida. Ana amfani da takin mai magani a kowane sati 3-4 tare da daidaitaccen kashi ko kowane makonni 2 tare da rage yawan rabin. Daga Oktoba zuwa Fabrairu, ba a ciyar da abinci kwata-kwata. Kowace hanyar ciyarwa dole ne a kammala ta hanyar kwance saman Layer na substrate, a lokacin da tushen ba za a iya zuba ba. Cikakkun shirye-shirye na duniya sun fi dacewa da hoya (nitrogen yana da matukar mahimmanci a gare shi kamar phosphorus da potassium).
Stimulating fure kakin zuma ivy
Kyakkyawan hoya a cikin al'adun daki ana bada shawarar zuwa "karfi" don Bloom. Dankin zai buɗe furannin fure akan kansa, amma idan kuna son ku lura da fure mai faɗi da gaske, zai fi kyau a ƙara inganta ayyukan. Hanyoyi suna da mahimmanci musamman idan zazzabi ya ragu a cikin hunturu ba za'a iya cimma ruwa ba. Don haɓaka, gabaɗaya shuka tare da farkon ci gaban aiki a cikin bazara yana nutsuwa cikin ruwa mai ɗumi (zazzabi - 34-36 digiri Celsius). Kuna iya iyakance kanku game da soya kawai tare da tushen ruwa a cikin zafin jiki ɗaya. Idan kun jiƙaɗɗan tsire, ku aiwatar da hanya tsawon mintuna 30, tukunyar tana sosa tsawon awa 2.
Har ila yau, yana haifar da yalwar fure da yalwar haske, ciki har da ta hanyar hasken mutum.
Hoya Kerra variegated (Hoya Kerrii variegata).
Hoya Trimming
Lokacin girma hoya, wata doka mai mahimmanci ya kamata a tuna da ita: shuka bai kamata ta kowace hanya "taɓa" peduncles, mai tushe akan wanda inflorescence ya hau. Ba za a iya yanke su ba, watse ko da bayan fure. Lokacin da yake fure, ya kamata a bar furanni na shuka akan shuka: wataƙila tsiron zai sake haifar furanni cikin yanayi mai gamsarwa. Amma babban dalilin shine cewa akan tsoffin tsarukan hoya zai sakin inflorescences shekara mai zuwa. Kuma idan kun sare su, to lallai zaku jira lokaci mai tsawo don sabon fure.
Amma sauran harbe ba za a iya yanka, curling a kusa da goyon baya ko gajarta kawai mafi tsawo rassan bayan flowering. An yanke su zuwa gajerun rassan, wanda akan sa fure mai fure shima akan yi shekara mai zuwa. Hakanan zaka iya ƙirƙirar shuka bisa ga buƙatunka: da zaran rassan sun yi tsayi, ba su zama marasa kulawa, za ka iya datse su ko kuma a datsa su, kuma idan ana so, a yanka su zuwa rabin tsawon (inflorescences kuma za su kafa a kan irin waɗannan gajerun rassan shekara mai zuwa).
Wuraren masu ƙarfi na hoya inflorescences wilted, kuma idan kuna son godiya da kyawun su kuma a lokaci guda shuka itacen inabi a cikin tukwane na gargajiya, zai fi kyau maye gurbin ƙananan props akan inflorescence.
Dasawa da canza ruwa
Mitar sauyawa na hoya kai tsaye ya dogara da shekarun shuka. Matasa na samari sun fi dacewa a shuka a shekara, suna iya ƙaruwa da yawa. Za'a iya dasa tsofaffi da tsoffin tsirrai sau ɗaya kowace shekara 2-3. Lokacin dasawa, nan da nan kafa goyon baya ga shuka. Kyakkyawan kwanakin farkon farkon bazara. Lokacin juyawa hoya, yana da matukar muhimmanci a sa wani magudanar ruwa mai ƙarfi a ƙasan tanki.
Don hoya, yana da kyau a zabi permeable, haske da abinci mai gina jiki tare da tsaka tsaki ko ɗan ɗanɗano acidic. An yi imani cewa wannan tsire-tsire na iya yin fure daidai kuma a cikin ƙasa mai inganci mai kyau, idan an ƙara yashi a ciki, amma mafi dacewa ga hoyam shine cakuda ƙasa mai ruɓa, humus, peat da yashi tare da ƙari da rabo na ƙasa mai ruɓi.
Hoya yana da kyau ga hydroponics.
Hoya tana da fa'ida.
Wax kisa cututtuka da kwari
Hoya yana fama da kwari kawai tare da kulawa da rashin kyau da keta hadaddun yanayin girma. Dankin yana jawo scabs, wanda dole ne a sarrafa shi ta hanyar sarrafawa da kwari. Sau da yawa akwai mildew powdery a cikin hoyas, gwagwarmaya wanda shine mafi kyawu da za'ayi ta hanyar matakai masu rikitarwa - gyaran danshi da magani tare da fungicides.
Matsaloli gama gari a cikin hoya girma:
- fadowa daga fure yayin motsa tukunya, motsawa zuwa wani dakin;
- bayyanar tabo a cikin ganyayyaki da karancin haske ko a hasken rana kai tsaye, da ya wuce ka'idodin ciyarwa, yin ruwa tare da ruwan sanyi;
- rashin fure a cikin haske mara kyau, rashi ƙasa, a lokacin hunturu ba tare da rage yawan zafin jiki ba aƙalla digiri 2-3 da kuma ganyen ciyawa;
- fadowa da ganye a cikin matsanancin bushe;
- curling, bushewar ganye, ko bushewa a ƙarancin zafi da hasken rana kai tsaye;
- nutsar da fure fure idan akwai zafi, ruwa mara kyau;
- faduwa ganye har ma da harbe lokacin da waterlogged;
- faduwa da furanni lokacin da ake canza wuraren ko a rashin haske;
- jinkirin girma da rashin kwanciya na ganyayyaki tare da rashin isasshen nitrogen, da takin zamani kawai na tsiron furanni.
Karamin Hoya (kammalawa Hoya).
Hoya kiwo
Mafi yawan hanyoyin da ake amfani da yaduwar wannan gidan shuka ana daukar su cut ne. A lokaci guda, don hoya, kuna buƙatar amfani da harbe-harbe na bara, yanke su a cikin bazara ko kaka. Don hoya a kan yanke, yana da kyau ka bar nau'i biyu na ganye, cire ƙananan da gajarta babba. Kafe cuttings a cikin internodes, don haka yanke su 'yan santimita a kasa da kumburi ganye. Tushen za a iya kafe a cikin yinin, da cikin yashi, har ma a cikin ruwa. Babban abu shine a kula da zazzabi na akalla digiri 20 cikin zafi da zafi. Bayan tushen, wanda yawanci yakan ɗauki 1 watan, ana dasa hoyi a cikin karamin tukwane na inji biyu. Shuke-shuke za su yi fure kawai a shekara ta huɗu. Don irin wannan hoi, yana da mahimmanci tsunkule, gajarta harbe bayan ganye 3-4 don lokacin farin ciki.
Da yawa a farkon fure, a cikin wannan shekara, yana ba ku damar samun hanyar kara layering. A kan harbi tsakanin nodes na ganye, an sanya cikon, a nannade da rigar gansakuka kuma gyarawa tare da fim, tsare, igiya. Bayan tushen, an yanke sashin na sama kuma ana amfani dashi azaman shuka mai zaman kanta.
