Akwai ton 600 na oncidium orchids waɗanda suke girma a yankuna na wurare masu zafi na Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. Daga cikin waɗannan, kaɗan ne kawai ake amfani da su azaman tsire-tsire na cikin gida, amma ire-irensu da yawa da aka samu ta hanyar rarrabuwar kawuna sun shahara sosai tsakanin manyan lambu.
A cikin daji, ana iya samun oncidium akan bishiyoyi da tsakanin duwatsu. Wannan tsire-tsire yana da sunaye da ba na hukuma ba, daga cikinsu wadanda aka fi ambata a cikin littattafan suna “tiger orchid"Kuma"tsana yar tsana" An bayar da ƙarshen don bambancin furanni tare da siket na yarinya.
Jinsuna da iri
Oncidium Twinkle (wani lokacin ana kiranta “karamin kancikiKo kumamatasan”) - wakilin ba mai tsayi irin na oncidium, mai tsayayya da tsauraran zafin jiki.
Tana da ƙananan ruwan hoda, fari, launin shuɗi da jan furanni (ya danganta da nau'in) har zuwa 1.5 cm a diamita, tana fitar da ƙanshin ƙanshin itace daɗaɗɗen kirfa.
Misalai na misalai na jerin iri iri sune:
- oncidium Twinkle jan fantasy - tare da furanni masu launin ruwan hoda;
- kan oncidium taguwa da fari daoncidium tagwayen jasmine - da fari.
Oncidium rawaya - yalwata da yawa, nau'in saurin girma, wanda ya dace da distillation a cikin gidan. Yana samar da furanni masu launin shuɗi 3-cm mai yawa tare da lemun tsami da jan tabo a lebe. Ya yi sama da wata guda, yana cika dakin da yanayi na annashuwa da nishaɗi.
Ruwan Oncidium Suite - Matsayi mai alaƙa da rashin sa'a tare da furanni masu launin rawaya, amfanin wanda ya haɗa da saurin girma da fure mai fure. Dankin yana kama da ban mamaki ko da bayan pruning na makonni 2.
Oncidium yana da kyau - wakilin manyan orchids, yana da ɗan gajeren rhizome da ɗakin kwana mai cike da pseudobulbs. Yana da ban sha'awa a cikin cewa yana canza inuwa na ganye tare da shekaru - ash-kore tare da shunayya mai launin shuɗi a farkon, ya juya kore tare da haɗa launin ruwan hoda-m.
Furanni masu launin shuɗi mai haske, 5-8 cm a diamita, suna kan madaidaiciyar shinge kai tsaye a cikin adadin da yakai 20.
Wadanda basu da Ingantaccen kayan aikin Oncidium (mini oncidiums) kwanakin nan sun sami babban buƙatu a da'irori na lambu. Sun kasu kashi biyu govears (an samo shi ta hanyar ƙetare shingrigesia, leochilus da oncidium), rodriciums (Rodriguezia da Oncidium) da oncidetia (kwatancen kwatanta da kancidium).
Oncidium kulawar gida
Orchid oncidium ba musamman fata bane don kulawa. Idan muka kwatanta shi da phalaenopsis, ya zama cewa kan ondidiums sun fi dogaro da canjin zafin rana yayin rana kuma yafi yawa kamar hasken rana. Kula da ka'idodin kulawa, zaka iya cimma fure na oncidium sau 2 a shekara, kuma a kowane lokaci.
A saboda wannan, da farko, ya zama dole don samar da shuka tare da wani adadin danshi, sannan zaɓi wurin da ya dace don ita a cikin wurin dumi tare da kyakkyawan haske da ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau don hutawa.
Kyakkyawan canji zuwa yanayin hutawa yana samu ta hanyar rage yawan shayarwa da yawan zafin jiki ta 4-5 ℃. Bayan watanni 3, kuna buƙatar yin akasin haka, sakamakon abin da orchid zai yi daɗin daɗaɗɗun fure.
Ruwa Oncidium
Daidaitaccen tsari na shayarwa ya haɗa da daskararre da abin sau ɗaya a kowace kwana 7, tare da kulawa musamman ga tushen tsiron - kada su kasance cikin ruwan da ya tara ruwa a ƙasan tukunyar.
Ragowar ruwa, wanda yakamata ya zama ruwan sama, an sami magudanan ruwa nan da nan bayan an kammala aikin danshi.
Il ƙasa don oncidium
A madadin forcidium karkashin yanayin girma ta amfani da talakawa filayen filastik zaɓi zaɓi mai ingancin ɓoyayyen itacen katako mai gauraye hade da tushen fern, gansakuka ko peat.
Mosa yana da amfani dangane da girma oncidium akan toshe - farancinta tsakanin tushen da toshe zai hana saurin bushewa jikin da ke ciyar da shuka. A saman tushen, har yanzu kuna iya amfani da sphagnum mai rai ko bushewa.
Orchid oncidium dasawa
Ofaya daga cikin lokuta mafi wahala a rayuwar kowane orchid shine juyawa. Ya kamata a yi shi kawai idan akwai kyawawan dalilai, kamar tsinkaye saboda ƙaramar tukunyar da ƙasa ba ta cika bukatun cikin sharuddan acidity (ƙarancin ƙasa ko, a biɗi, babba).
Domin dasawa yayi nasara, kuna buƙatar:
- Da farko, a hankali tsaftace tsohuwar ƙasa daga rhizomes na oncidium, saka shi a cikin akwati tare da ruwa mai tsafta na mintina 15-20;
- abu na biyu, yana da matukar muhimmanci a cire duk tushen da ya bushe da bushe, yayin yankan yanke da lalatattun wurare (ga farar fata ko takarda kore);
- abu na uku, tafasa sabon simintin na kimanin mintuna 10 don hanawa, zuba shi a cikin tukunya da zuba tafasasshen ruwa (bayan haka an ba da shawarar yin ƙarin wanka tare da rafin ruwan zafi);
- Abu na huɗu, daidai sanya madaidaicin oncidium a cikin sabon tukunya, wanda ke jagorantar pseudobulbs - idan sun kusan dukkanin girma a gefe ɗaya kawai, kuna buƙatar rarraba mafi girman sararin tukunya a wannan gefen, wato dasa shuka ba a tsakiya ba, amma kusa da gefen (zai fi dacewa ko da mafi tsufa) mai magana ya kasance kusa da wannan gefen);
- Abu na biyar, don gano matakin ƙasan ƙasa - yakamata ya rufe tushen kawai, bawai rhizome da pseudobulbs ba;
- a ƙarshe, na shida, ƙirƙirar ƙarfafa a cikin nau'i na itace wanda aka makale kusa da pseudobulbs kuma ɗaure wata itaciya a kansa (a tsawon lokaci, Tushen zai zama gyarawa a cikin ƙasa, kuma ana iya cire tallafin).
Takin takin gargajiya na kan Oncidium
Ana aiwatar da takin ƙasa akan amfani da takin gargajiya na orchids. Plusari, hakika yana da mahimmanci a saka cikin babban rigakafin kayan gwal na ma'adinan da aka shafa sau ɗaya a kowane mako 3. A lokaci guda, yawan ƙwayar salts na nitrogen a cikin kashi dole ne a rage girman.
Oncidium a cikin hunturu
Hybrids wanda basu da pseudobulbs ana nuna shi da lokacin rarrabewa, galibi yana farawa ne a cikin bazara, lokacin da matashin mai tushe ke cika cikakke. A wannan lokacin, kuna buƙatar fara shirya don hunturu.
Yin shirya oncidium don hunturu ya ƙunshi rage yawan ruwa (har zuwa 1 lokaci a cikin makonni 2-3), dakatar da miya da sanya ciyawar a wuri mai sanyaya.
Oncidium haifuwa
Hanya mafi sauki don yaduwa akan oncidium shine rarraba bazara na daji zuwa kashi uku na fure.
Yanke guda dole ne a sarrafa shi a cikin murhun alkama kuma a dasa cikin tukwane daban. Watering ba bu mai kyau har tsawon kwana 7.
Juyawa kan Oncidium
Kurakurai da aka yi yayin aikin nocidium koyaushe suna da sauki a gano ta bayyanar tsiro. Misali, tushen lalatattun abubuwa ne sakamakon keɓar ruwa da kasancewar abubuwan zanawa.
Abubuwan baƙar fata da launin ruwan kasa a cikin ganyayyaki suna nuni da haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin yanayin gumi mai wuce gona da iri. Juyin oncidium, da ake buƙata bayan yawan shaye shaye, ya haɗa da matakai masu zuwa:
- An fitar da tsire daga tukunya;
- Suna tsaftacewa da bushe Tushen da kyau;
- An cire sassan da keɓaɓɓen, to, ana magance wuraren da aka yanka da kwandon shara;
- An canza shi zuwa sabon babban busasshen haushi ba tare da ƙari ba tare da ƙara mai narkewa wanda ya ƙunshi kumfa ko yumɓu da aka faɗaɗa (1/3 na ƙara);
- Rhizomes da pseudobulbs yakamata su kasance a saman dutsen, yayin da aka ɗaure tsire, yana tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali, kuma ba a shayar da shi aƙalla kwanaki 14 daga lokacin dasawa.
Cutar da kwari
Oncidium mai bushewa yana yiwuwa ya shiga cikin zafi sosai daga tushen sa. Gaskiyar ita ce, bayyanar yanayi zuwa yanayin zafi, hasken rana kai tsaye da iska mai zafi (kamar ta fito daga abubuwa masu dumama) yana warkar da sashi na shuka, a sakamakon wanda aka fitar da danshi daga danshi ta hanyar tsiro a cikin foliage da pseudobulbs, har ma daga saman haushi, yana farawa. asalinsu.
Wannan yana haifar da raguwa (ko ma dakatarwa) na tafiyar danshi, kuma, a sakamakon haka, kyallen takarda ta rasa shi - sannu-sannu suka bushe.
A wannan yanayin, orchid zai taimaka sake shirya tukunya mai zurfi a cikin ɗakin da cikakkiyar hutu na tsawon sa'o'i 2-3, wanda ke nuna rashin kasancewar kowane irin danshi (ko yayyafa ko ruwa). Ya kamata kuma a tuna cewa sabuntawar ma'aunin ruwa na iya wuce kwanaki 4, don haka ganyen bazai murmure nan da nan bayan an fara shayarwa.
Don hana maimaita yawan zafin jiki, ana sanya oncidium inda babu tushen matsalar, alal misali, akan taga mai duhu ko kuma a wani ɗan nesa daga taga tare da baturin.
