Viola

Viola (Viola) tana da alaƙa kai tsaye da asalin ƙirar gidan iyali. Wadannan tsire-tsire ana iya samun su a yankuna masu zafi da kuma yankuna masu tsaunuka na Arewacin Hemisphere. Wannan halittar, a cewar wasu majiyoyi daban-daban, tana hade nau'ikan nau'ikan 400-700. Akwai viols da ke da tasirin gaske ga Kudancin Amurka ta Andes, akwai wadanda suke girma a yankin na Afirka ta Kudu mai zafi, a cikin yankuna na Brazil, Australia, New Zealand da Sandwich Island. Viola ana kiranta pansies. Shahararren viola viola ya zama ƙarni da yawa da suka gabata. Don haka, kusan shekaru dubu 2,5 da suka gabata, mutanen da ke zaune a yankin Turai suka yi amfani da waɗannan furanni masu kyau don yin ado da warkoki da garlands, har ma da ɗakuna a lokacin hutu. Na farko shi ne murfin m, sannan kuma tsaunin dutsen. Lokaci na farko da aka fara wannan aikin kan violet don samar da kayan kwayoyi an ambaci shi a farkon 1683. Turawa sun sami labarin kasancewar ƙirar Wittrock a ƙarni na 19. An ƙirƙiri wannan nau'in ta hanyar ƙetare Altai viola, viola mai rawaya, da viola tricolor. A yau, viola na lambu yana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun tsirrai a tsakanin lambu. Yana da nau'ikan nau'ikan iri da iri.

Siffofin Viola

Wakilan Viola na iya zama na shekara, biennials da perennials. Irin wannan tsire-tsire na herbaceous ya kai tsayin santimita 15-30. Tushen tsarin yana da damuwa, babban tushe yana madaidaici. Leaf faranti da ke da madaidaicin za'a iya rarraba shi ko mai sauƙi. Suna girma wani lokaci ko kuma wani ɓangaren tushen tushe ne. Single axillary furanni, kai diamita of 7 santimita, suna kan kan peduncles tsawo. Abubuwan fure a saman suna da marigolds, kuma a kasan suna da girman da ya fi girma da samuwar ƙwayar jijiyoyin jini (spur) waɗanda ke gindin. Siffar furanni da launi na iya bambanta sosai, alal misali: launuka biyu-uku, uku, mai laushi, tsintsiya, tabo, tare da 1 tabo, tare da lebur ko ƙyallen shinge na fure, ninki biyu ko mai sauƙi, da dai sauransu. Flowering a cikin wannan tsiro yana da yawan gaske mai yawa. Ya danganta da lokacin da aka dasa shukar, ana iya lura da furanni daga rabin na biyu na Maris zuwa ƙarshen lokacin bazara ko daga watan Agusta har zuwa lokacin sanyi. Akwai hybrids waɗanda suke girma a cikin bazara ko sau 2 a kowace kakar. 'Ya'yan itace kwali ne mai dauke da tsaba. Higharfinsu mai girma yana ci gaba har tsawon shekara biyu.

Wannan tsire-tsire ne mai tsananin sanyi wanda yakan ji a cikin inuwa. Koyaya, a wani wuri mai inuwa, furanninsa basu da yawa, yayin da furanni kansu zasu zama karami. Loasa mai laushi, ƙasa mai laushi cike da abubuwan gina jiki ya fi dacewa da dasawa. Idan kuka dasa irin wannan fure akan busasshen yashi, saboda wannan, furannin zasu zama ƙarami.

Growing viola daga tsaba

Shuka shuka

Shuka tsaba za a iya yi kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa bude. Koyaya, hanya mafi shahararren abin dogara don haɓaka viola shine ta hanyar shuka. Idan kayi shuka a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Fabrairu, to irin waɗannan tsire-tsire zasu yi fure a wannan shekara. Don shuka, ana bada shawara don siye cakuda ƙasa ta musamman don violet, yayin da tsaba dole ne a nutsar da awanni 24 a cikin maganin maganin zircon ko epin. Yi grooves a cikin substrate kuma zuba pre-bushe tsaba a cikinsu. Yayyafa su da ƙasa, wanda aka riga an rubanya tsakanin tafukan. Na gaba, ana yin ruwa, kuma an rufe kwalin da wani fim ko gilashi. Sannan a cire akwati a cikin wani wuri mai sanyi (kimanin digiri 15).

'Yayan itace

'Ya'yan seedlings na farko zasu bayyana bayan kwanaki 7-10. Da zaran hakan ta faru, to za a bukaci mafarin, kuma a tura akwati zuwa wani wuri mai sanyaya (kimanin digiri 10). Haske dole ne yayi haske, amma ya warwatse, yayin da furanni dole ne a kiyaye su daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Dole ne a shayar da ciyawa kuma a ciyar da su a kan kari. A wannan yanayin, ana yin suturar miya sau ɗaya kowane mako 2, ta amfani da maganin takaddun takaddun ma'adinai.

Zaba

Yaushe daidai don ɗauka kuma sau nawa? A wannan batun, lambu suna da ra'ayoyi 2 daban-daban. Don haka, wani sashi na lambu yayi imanin cewa waɗannan furanni suna buƙatar a ɗan daɗe kamar wata. A wannan yanayin, ana yin zabin farko bayan bayyanar ganye na 2 na ainihi, kuma na biyu - bayan kwanakin 15-20 bisa ga tsarin 6x6. Kuma wani ɓangare na ba ƙasa da gogaggen lambu yi imani da cewa wannan shuka ne gaba daya ba dole ba don na biyu sama. Ya kamata a tuna cewa ana iya dasa wannan shuka akan shafin da ya riga ya bushe, yayin da zai ɗauki tushe da sauri da sauƙi. Ana lura da hurawar wata shuka da aka shuka daga tsaba a ƙarshen bazara ko farkon lokacin bazara.

Bude dashi

Wani lokaci don dasa viola

Lokacin Seedling a cikin ƙasa bude kai tsaye ya dogara da sauyin yanayi a wani yanki. Don haka, ana aiwatar da saukowa a cikin watan Afrilu ko a watan Mayu. An ba da shawarar cewa viola zaɓi yankin da ke da kyau. Zai fi kyau idan ƙasa za ta ƙunshi ƙasa, ba a gawayi gawayi ba da bushewar ciyawar tsuntsaye ko humus (5: 1: 1). Haɗin ƙasa mai zuwa kuma ya dace da shuka: ƙasa turf, yashi, humus da peat (2: 1: 2: 2). Ba za a iya yin saukowa a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi ba inda ruwan ƙasa ya ta'allaka sosai ga saman ƙasa.

Yadda ake shuka

Shuka viola ba matsala ba ce. Da farko, shirya ramuka, yayin da ya kamata a lura cewa tsakanin bushes mai nisa na 10 zuwa 15 santimita ya kamata a kiyaye. Abubuwan da aka shuka sune aka yayyafa shi da ƙasa, wanda yakamata a yi tamped, sannan a shayar dashi. Dole ne a sake yin rikodin rikicewar zuwa sabon wuri sau ɗaya kowace shekara 3, yayin da ake yin rabo na daji. Idan ba a yi wannan ba, to furanni zasu yi girma sosai, furanninsu kuma zasu fara bushewa. Idan kana son yada wasu rare ko nau'ikan da kake so, to wannan za'a iya yin shi ta hanyar itace.

Siffofin Kulawa

Tushen tsarin wannan fure shine na sama kuma ya ta'allaka ne da zurfin 15 zuwa 20 santimita. Dangane da wannan, yana da muhimmanci cewa kasar gona koyaushe tana da danshi da sako-sako. Watering ne da za'ayi ne kawai lokacin da dogon lokaci bushe da zafi. Idan tayi ruwa a kai a kai a lokacin bazara, sannan a shayar da pansies din ba lallai bane. Hakanan wajibi ne don a fitar da ciyawar da ta dace kuma a cire fure wilted domin fure ya kasance mai lush.

Hakanan, waɗannan kyawawan furanni suna buƙatar hadiɗa akai-akai. Don yin wannan, 1 lokaci a cikin makonni 4 ana ciyar da superphosphate ko nitonium nitrate (1 m² daga 25 zuwa 30 grams na abu yana ɗaukar).

Cutar da kwari

Kula da viola abu ne mai sauki, kuma idan ka bi ka'idodi sosai kuma ka kiyaye dukkan hanyoyin da suka wajaba kan lokaci (shayarwa, shayarwa, kwance, kayan miya), furanninka za su yi kyan gani koda yaushe, kuma ba za su yi rashin lafiya ba, kuma ba za su rikita su ta hanyar cutarwa ba . Sau da yawa irin wannan shuka yana shafi mildew powdery. A cikin samfurin kwayar cutar, farin gashi ko launin toka ya bayyana akan faranti na ganye, buds da mai tushe. Viola na iya yin rashin lafiya saboda gaskiyar cewa tana ciyar da takin da ke ɗauke da sinadarin nitrogen a koyaushe, har ma cutar tana iya tsokar raɓa da safe a cikin lokacin bazara. Dole ne a kula da bushes na fure tare da soda ash, wanda kuke buƙatar ƙara foundationazole, sabulu ko sulfur ƙasa. A cikin abin da ya faru da cewa daji ba ya murmurewa, to bayan rabin wata dole ne a maimaita magani.

Hakanan, pansies na iya yin rashin lafiya tare da ƙafa na baki ko lalataccen launin toka. Dalilan ci gaban wadannan cututtukan sune: yanayin zafin da bai dace ba, keta dokar ƙasa ko gumi. Yi ƙoƙarin kawar da dalilin cutar, in ba haka ba sauran ragowar bushes ɗin za su kamu. Kar ku manta da tono da lalata tsire-tsire masu ƙwayar cuta, yayin da kuke buƙatar shayar da yankin da suka girma tare da maganin fundazola.

A wasu halayen, wannan fure na iya zama mai hange. A cikin daji da ke cutar, faranti ganye fara bushewa, yayin da furen kanta take rauni. Tabbatar tono sama da cutar bushes. Experiencedwararrun lambu da ke da shawarar lambu suna ba da shawarar ta kowane lokaci don ƙona, saboda cutar ba ta iya yaduwa. Sauran samfuran lafiya masu kyau ya kamata a bi dasu don maganin kariya. Don yin wannan, ya kamata a fesa su da ruwa na Bordeaux sau 2 ko 3, yayin da tsaka-tsakin tsakanin jiyya ya kamata ya zama daidai da kwanaki 14.

Don wannan fure, guguwar macen lu'u-lu'u da murhun lemo, wacce ke ciyar da ganyayyakin wannan tsiron, yana da hatsarin gaske. Don kawar da kwari, ya kamata a kula da tsire-tsire tare da jiko na taba ko chlorophos.

Viola bayan fure

Tarin iri

Ya kamata a yi tarin iri a ƙarshen ciyawar, kuma wannan lokacin ya kusan a watan Agusta ko Satumba. Bayan furen ya bushe, karamin akwati ya bayyana a wurin sa, a ciki akwai tsaba. Zai yuwu a fara tara tsaba kawai bayan akwatin ya buɗe sama. 'Ya'yan da aka cirewa dole ne a warwatsa su a takardar takarda kuma a bushe cikin yanayin ɗakin. Sannan an sanya su a kan shiryayye na firiji, inda za'a adana su. A yayin da aka bar akwatunan iri a daji, za a yi fitar da kai. Seedlings, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna da yawa, kuma tsire-tsire na farko na iya bayyana har a cikin kaka ko a cikin bazara. Idan ba ku son yin girma viola ta hanyar seedlings, to, kawai bunƙasa seedlings a cikin wani dace hanya, da kuma, idan ya cancanta, za a iya fitar da su.

Cin nasara

Sabbin nau'in viola na zamani, waɗanda ke tsire-tsire masu perennial, suna da juriya mai ƙarfi. Idan an rufe su da busheyen ganye ko kuma an rufe su da rassan tsiro, za su natsu cikin nutsuwa a jinkirin saukar da zafin jiki zuwa digo 30. Idan kun yi girma kowace shekara, to bayan an gama fure, dole ne a zubar dasu.

Babban nau'ikan da nau'ikan viola tare da hotuna da sunaye

Viola Dakar (Viola wittrockiana)

Mafi mashahuri tsakanin lambu shine wannan nau'in musamman, wanda kuma ake kira pansies. Wannan ciyawar perenni an shuka shi azaman biennial. A tsayi, daji zai iya isa daga santimita 20 zuwa 30. Tana da farantin ganye na yau da kullun, tare da gefen abin da hakora masu bakin ciki ke. Kadai furanni, daɗaɗɗa babba (diamita 4-10 santimita). Zasu iya samun launi daban-daban da sifa. Fulatan furanni sun raba tsire-tsire na wannan nau'in zuwa nau'ikan da yawa: a lokacin da ingancin fure, da girman furanni, ta launinsu, sifar su da matsayin juriya. Idan girman furanni, da kuma adadinsu akan daji yayin lokacin furanni, an ɗauke shi cikin lissafi, to, tsire-tsire sun kasu kashi biyu: nau'ikan da ke da yawa (multiflora) da manyan-flowered (Grandiflora) iri. Idan ana la’akari da launi na shuka, to a wannan yanayin ne ire-iren waɗannan furanni ya kasu kashi biyu: launi biyu, launi ɗaya, sannan kuma ana hange su. Ya kamata a tuna cewa nau'ikan iri ɗaya za'a iya rarrabe su azaman mai haɓaka ko bicolor.

Iri iri

Viola Belaya. Tsawon daji mai yaduwa shine 0.2 m, kuma diamitarsa kusan 0.25 m. Ladaƙarin buɗe ido na kore. Furannin furen fari ne, suna da karancin yellowness da kore. Suna da ƙanshi sosai kuma suna kan dogayen falo. Ana lura da kwararar wannan nau'in daga rabin na biyu na Afrilu zuwa farkon kwanakin watan Agusta kuma daga kwanakin ƙarshe na Satumba zuwa Oktoba. Yana jure hunturu a karkashin tsari.
Blue boy. Tsawon daji yakai kimanin 0.25 m. Fararen filayen suna da haske. Girman daddaɗin furanni masu fure-lilac shine kusan santimita 6. Itatuwan fure a saman suna da baya. Hakanan kuma a gindin dukkanin ƙananan furannin akwai launuka masu launi na lilac mai duhu. A wani daji a lokaci guda, har zuwa furanni 19. Ana lura da yawo daga Afrilu zuwa Agusta kuma daga Satumba zuwa Oktoba. A karkashin tsari daidai yarda da wintering.
Rua de Negri. Areasashen bushes ɗin m ne, sun kai tsawon 0.23 a kan saman ganye akwai wadataccen kwanon buɗe ido. Furanni suna da girman santimita biyar. Kayan kararrawa suna da nau'i mai zagaye, tare da gefen su wavy, dan kadan sun lanƙwasa baya. A gindin fure, wanda ke ƙasa, akwai peephole na launin rawaya mai arziki. A lokaci guda, har zuwa furanni 14 na iya buɗewa akan daji. Ana lura da ruwa a cikin watan Afrilu-Agusta, haka kuma a watan Satumba-Oktoba. Idan kun ɓoye viola, to, zai jure da hunturu da kyau.
Viola ja. Shukewar furanni masu tsinkaye sun kai tsayin 0.2 m. Furannin furanni masu launin shuɗi suna da diamita kusan 7 santimita, yayin da a ƙarshen ƙananan furannin akwai peephole mai launi mai duhu sosai.

Iri biyu-iri

Jupita. Karamin daji, wanda ya kai girman santimita 16. Faranti ganye ne mai duhu kore. Diamita na furanni shine kimanin santimita 5. Furen fure-fararen furanni suna da kamannin da suke zagaye. Kayan furen fure mai launin shuɗi a ƙasa ana zanen su da shuɗi mai duhu, waɗanda suke sama kuma an tanƙwara da baya, kuma a gindi suna da fari. A lokaci guda, furanni 20 zasu iya buɗewa. Lokacin sanyi.
Ubangiji Beaconsfield. Tsawon bushes din yakai santimita 25. Fuskokin ganye suna ɗan ƙara haske. Diamita na furanni shine kimanin santimita 5.5. Abubuwan furannin da ke ƙasa suna da launin shuɗi mai duhu tare da iyaka mara iyaka tare da gefen launi na Lilac. Babbar fure mai launin ruwan hoda yana da karaya tawada a gindi. A lokaci guda, kimanin furanni 30 na iya buɗewa akan daji. A sa ne sanyi-resistant.
Saint Knud. A kan kananan bushes, wanda tsayinsa ya kai kimanin 0.2 m, akwai fararen ganye na launin kore. Diamita na furanni shine kimanin santimita 5. Lyarfafa ƙananan ƙananan furanni suna da launi mai zurfi na orange, yayin da a gindi suna da ja. Itacen fure a saman suna da launi mai launin shuɗi-launin shuɗi. A lokaci guda, har zuwa furanni 19 na iya buɗewa akan daji.

Spotted iri

Shalom Purim. Wannan shi ne sau da yawa wani ingantaccen nau'i na Viola Rococo iri-iri. Furanninta furanni ma sun ninka biyu, amma kuma furannin suna da kyau. Furanni suna da babban girma (1/3 fiye da ma'auni). Ya sayi cikin shagunan sana'a a matsayin cakuda tsaba na launuka daban-daban. Ya bambanta da mahaifiyar shuka a cikin cewa ya girma mafi kyau ba a cikin wani wuri ba, amma a cikin karamin penumbra, wanda a cikin abin da petals zai zama mafi corrugated.
Hybrid F1 Tiger Eyes. Wannan sabon salo yana da launi mai ban mamaki. Furanni masu ƙananan, a cikin diamita sun kai santimita 3 ne kawai, a farfajiyar furannin launin rawaya akwai wasu karamburi na bakin ciki da launin ruwan kasa. Wannan tsire-tsire ya dace da girma duka a cikin ƙasa da kuma a cikin tukunya. Bambanci tsakanin wannan matasan shi ne cewa yana furewa da wuri da girma, furanni kuma suna da wari mai daɗi.
Hybrid F1 "Cassis". Furanni, da ke kan karamin daji, ana zanen su da shunayya kuma suna da bakin bakin ciki a gefen farin launi. Blossoming yana da ban mamaki sosai, ya bambanta a cikin ƙarawar juriya.

Viola cornuta, ko mashahurin viola

Ampel viola shima ya shahara tsakanin yan lambu. Tsawon wannan tsararraki ya bambanta daga 15 zuwa 25 santimita. Thewanƙwasa ƙwayar hian gwal tana creeping, yana girma kuma ya samar da magana. Sashin layi na harbe-harbe shi ne triangular, faranti na fararen ganye suna da girma, a tsawon su sun kai kusan santimita 6. Stipules suna da zurfi a ciki.A daji akwai manyan furanni da yawa, a hayinsu sun kai daga santimita 3 zuwa 5. An zane su a launuka daban-daban na shunayya da lilac, suna da ƙaramin ido mai rawaya, haka kuma mai kaho mai siffofi. An lura da ruwa a watan Mayu-Satumba. Tana da juriya mai sanyi, amma ana bada shawara don rufe hunturu. Wajibi ne a girma viola kusan kamar yadda yake a cikin lambu. Yawancin shayarwa daga Ingila suna aiki don samo sabbin nau'ikan wannan nau'in:

Arkwright Ruby. Wannan iri-iri ne babba-flowered. Launin furannin suna launin ja mai zurfi, akwai ido mai rawaya. A gindin furannin da ke ƙasa, akwai takaddun launuka masu duhu.
Balmont Blue. Abubuwan da ke cikin daji suna hawa, launin furanni kuma shuɗi ne. An ba da shawarar yin girma duka a cikin kwantena baranda, kuma a kwandunan rataye.
Cikakken Duet. Furen yana da furanni 2, a saman, suna da launi mai ƙamari, ƙananan ƙananan 3 masu launin ruwan hoda masu duhu kuma suna da duhu mara kyau a gindi.

Viola odorata

Har ila yau quite sau da yawa girma a cikin gidajen Aljannar. Wannan tsararren shuka yana da rhizome lokacin farin ciki. Tsawan faranti wanda yake da kusan kamannin karfe shine santimita 9, kuma fadin shi 8 santimita. An tattara su zuwa tashar wuta. Manyan furanni masu kamshi masu launuka masu launuka daban-daban na shuɗi. An lura da ruwa a watan Mayu kuma zai kwashe kwanaki 20. Maimaita fure yana faruwa a cikin kaka. Iri:

Rosina. Furen yayi kama da tsuntsu mai tashi. Furannin furanni masu launin furanni kusa da ginin suna da launi mai duhu. Itatuwan fure da ke saman suna sun lanƙwasa, kuma a gefe suna ɗanɗaɗa dan kadan gaba.
Charlotte. Launin manyan furanni launin shuɗi ne.
Sarki. Akwai furannin furanni na Lilac masu ƙanshi.

Asu na Viola, ko Hoodweed (Viola papilionacea, Viola cucullata)

Tsawon daji daga 15 zuwa 20 santimita ne. Takaddun faranti suna da bakin da keɓaɓɓu da kuma ƙirar koda ko mai kama da zuciya. Manyan furanni guda ana zane da shunayya. Dandalin fure, wanda yake samansa, fararen fari ne mai launin shuɗi, tsakiyar su launin shuɗi mai launin fari. Ana lura da ruwa a cikin watan Afrilu-Yuni. Iri:

Frels. Farin furanni suna da launuka masu yawa na launin shuɗi, idan yana da sanyi a cikin bazara, to, sun zama mafi girma. Ana lura da yawo a cikin bazara kuma ya ƙare a farkon lokacin bazara. Bambanta a cikin unpretentiousness.
Tufafin sarauta. Karamin iri-iri. Furannin furanni masu kamshi ne, filayen dabbobinsu na karkatar da baya, a gindi akwai sanduna baƙi ko rawaya. Launin fure ya bambanta daga shunayya zuwa ruwan hoda-shuɗi.
Red Giant. Manyan furanni masu launin furen-launi masu launin ja, wanda aka kafa akan dogayen falo. Yana blooms na dogon lokaci.

Hakanan ya dace da namo a cikin lambun viola: falala, dutse, rawaya, fadama, Altai, mai gashi, Labrador, monochromatic, motley, yashi, Somkheti, canine, 'yar uwa, ƙirar tsaye, mai ban mamaki, tudu da viola Selkirka. A yanzu, kusan shayarwa ne kawai ke amfani da su a cikin aikin su.