Dasa violet ana yin ta hanyoyi biyu. Violet daga tsaba ana shuka su ne a ƙarshen bazara - farkon kaka. Farfagandar da violet by cuttings ne da za'ayi a cikin zamani daga Mayu zuwa Yuli. Fasahar aikin gona na violet ba ta da rikitarwa kuma tana samuwa ga kowane maɓallin girki, babban abin lura shi ne lura da yanayi da yawa, tsirrai kuma za su yi muku nishaɗi da ɗimbin furanni.
Za ku koyi yadda ake shuka violet da kuma kula da tsirrai a wannan shafin. Hakanan zaku sami nasihu game da kyakkyawan kula da violet da dasawa.
Yadda ake girma fure furanni daga tsaba
Yawancin nau'in violet na perennial ba su da ƙima sosai kuma ba su da wahala a noma. Su za a iya yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba ko vegetatively (rarraba daji, cuttings).
Don yaduwar iri, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da sabbin tsaba, a shuka su a cikin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin hunturu a watan Agusta - Satumba. Yana da kyau a yi amfanin gona a kan tudu tare da sako-sako da, ƙasa mai gina jiki, shuka iri a cikin tsagi mara nauyi da mulching dan kadan tare da peat ko humus. Harbe suna bayyana a cikin bazara na shekara mai zuwa. Tare da shuka mai yawa, seedlings sun yi nutse a nesa na cm cm, kuma a watan Agusta - farkon Satumba ana shuka su a cikin dindindin. Flow tare da wannan hanyar yaduwar violet yana farawa, a matsayin mai mulkin, a shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa.
A lokacin da shuka iri na Patren na violin a bazara, sai tsaba su yi girma cikin wata guda; lokacin da aka shuka shi a watan Agusta - Satumba, seedlings suna bayyana a watan Mayu na shekara mai zuwa.
Idan kun sayi tsaba a cikin hunturu, to, ana iya shuka su don seedlings daga Fabrairu zuwa Afrilu a cikin kwalaye tare da ƙasa mai gina jiki.
Kafin girma violet, dole ne a zubar da ƙasa tare da mafita, kuma yakamata a dasa ciyawar tare da foda na kashe-kashe (alal misali, baseazole) don hana lalacewar seedlings ta cututtukan fungal. Yana da kyau a sanya akwatunan tare da amfanin gona a cikin wuri mai sanyi (12-18 ° C), kwance kwance tare da fim, gilashi ko kayan rufewa kuma tabbatar cewa ƙasa tana da danshi koyaushe, amma ba ma jika sosai ba.
Lokacin girma violet, tsaba a wasu nau'in zasu iya shuka na dogon lokaci, wani lokacin har zuwa watanni 1.5-2. Bayan fitowar, ana tura akwatunan zuwa wuri mai zafi (18-22 ° C). Lokacin da ganyayen gaskiya na gaske 2-3 suka bayyana, seedlingsa seedlingsan seedlings sun yi nutsuwa a lokacin shuka mai kauri daga nesa na cm cm. Kulawa da yaduwar violet suna da sauƙi: matsakaiciyar shayarwa, ingantaccen weeding da loosening na ƙasa, manyan riguna a kowane kwanaki 10-15 tare da maganin hadaddun takin zamani (30-35 g a kowace Lita 10 na ruwa).
A bu mai kyau zuwa shuka m violet tsaba a cikin fall, kamar yadda suke da sauri rasa su germination.
Abrotechnics na Bio-violet: Tsarin iri
A bisa ga al'ada, a cikin al'adun biennial, an horar da manyan violet din - da yawa iri da kuma hybrids na Wittrock violet, horned violet, tricolor violets.
A lokacin da girma biennial violets daga tsaba, shuka ne da za'ayi a karo na biyu rabin Yuni a cikin greenhouses, greenhouses ko a cikin ƙasa a kan ridges ko a cikin kwalaye da sako-sako da na gina jiki ƙasa kuma an rufe shi da takarda ko fim. Yawan seeding shine 2-3 g na tsaba a 1 m2. Kasar zazzabi - 15-20 ° С. A mafi yawan zafin jiki da ƙarancin zafi, ƙwayar shuka zai zama ƙasa, kuma tare da yawan wuce haddi, seedlings na iya fama da ƙafa baƙar fata. Lingsalingsan itace, dangane da yanayi da ingancin tsaba, sun bayyana a ranar 6-14th. Lokacin barin da girma violet a wannan matakin, yana da matukar muhimmanci don samar da seedlings tare da yanayi mai kyau: matsakaiciyar shayarwa, zazzabi na 15-18 ° C da shading daga hasken rana kai tsaye.
Yaduwa da tsaba: yadda za a shuka a violet daga tsaba
1. Kafin girma violet daga tsaba, cika kwalaye shuka tare da ƙasa cakuda, saman Layer wanda aka sifted ta sieve.
2. Lokacin da ake yada violet tare da tsaba, ƙasa a cikin akwatin ana shayar da shi mai yawa tare da maganin kashe guba.
3. Bayan ƙasa ta bushe kaɗan, toshe farjinta kuma yayi tsagi.
4. Mun sanya lakabi kuma muna shuka iri.
5. Mun cika tsaba tare da cakuda ƙasa - wannan ya fi dacewa don yin tare da sieve.
6. Shayar da amfanin gona da ruwa, tare da takarda ku saka germination.
Ta wannan hanyar yada violet a wani wuri na dindindin, ana shuka seedlings a watan Agusta-Satumba. An zaɓi wurin da rana ko Inuwa, gwargwadon buƙatun ƙasan wurin, tare da abinci mai gina jiki, sako-sako, ƙasa mai-kyau. Yawancin jinsuna suna jin daɗi akan ƙasa tare da tsaka tsaki ko ƙasa mai ruwan acidic. Wasu nau'in, kamar su maharkin violet, violet mai fitila mai ƙarfi biyu, violet na Langsdorf, marsh violet, suna buƙatar acidic, ƙasa mai peaty, wasu, kamar farar gashi, violet mai rawaya, violet na Reichenbach, violet dutsen, akasin haka, haɓaka mafi kyau a kan ƙwallan calcareous.
Hanyar yaduwa na violet ta rarraba bushes
Yawancin nau'ikan za'a iya yaduwa ta hanyar rarraba bushes - suna yin wannan a cikin bazara, kafin farkon lokacin taro, ko kuma a cikin rabin bazara na biyu, bayan fure. Hanyar rarrabuwa mai sauki ce: an yanke wani yanki na daji tare da shege mai kaifi, diba ko wuka kuma an watsa shi zuwa wani sabon wuri. Ta hanyar rarraba labulen, zaku iya yaduwar furanni biyu, mai ƙanshi, Manchurian, ivy, canine, canine, tudu da sauran wasu violet.
Yawancin nau'ikan sun danganci yanayin danshi na ƙasa. Yawancinsu suna girma sosai akan ƙasa mai laushi, ƙasa-da-drained ƙasa. Yawancin nau'ikan suna girma a wurare masu laushi, a kan ƙasa tare da danshi mai wuce gona da iri (violet, mai ruɓa biyu, launin rawaya, Langsdorf, ganyen peachy, Rivinus), har ma akwai nau'ikan da suka girma akan marshy, waterlogged, marshy kasa - wannan fasalin yana nunawa a cikin sunayen wasu daga cikinsu: fadama, violet marsh. Commonarancin gama gari tsakanin violet sune nau'ikan da suka fi son bushe, yashi ko ƙasa mai dutse (violet horned, violet dutse).
Dangane da haske, dukkanin nau'ikan za'a iya kasasu zuwa manyan kungiyoyi biyu. Wuri mai haske an fi son shi ta hanyar Altai, Swamp, Hoodweed, Labrador, Manchurian, Patrena, dutse, violet Aetolian. Penumbra da wurare masu inuwa da suka dace da violet na ruɓa biyu, Reichenbach, Rivinus, ƙanshi, Selkirk, mai ban mamaki.
Ciyar da violet da tsari domin hunturu
Violet - tsire-tsire marasa amfani a cikin kulawa. Ba sa bukatar a ciyar da su sau da yawa - isa a cikin bazara, a farkon ganye regrowth, kuma a lokacin rani, bayan fure. Violets suna ciyar da takaddun ma'adinai ma'adinai, watsa su a kusa da tsire-tsire domin granules, in ya yiwu, kada ku fada kan ganyayyaki. Hakanan ya zama dole don sako lokaci-lokaci, kodayake wasu nau'in (alal misali, ƙwalƙwalwar ƙanshi) na iya samar da irin waɗannan ƙananan cuwa-cuwa kuma yana da matuƙar wahala ga yawancin ciyayi su ratsa.
Yawancin violin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin shimfidar wurare suna da tsananin sanyi. Ba a buƙatar mafaka ta hunturu na musamman don violet, duk da haka, a farkon shekara bayan dasa, a cikin kaka, ƙasa a kusa da tsire-tsire dole ne a mulled tare da peat ko humus, tun da tushe mai ƙarfi da tsire-tsire masu ɗorewa na iya fama da daskarewa a cikin daskararren dusar kankara da bulging a farkon bazara.
A tsakiyar yankin na Rasha, Reichenbach violet na iya fama da ƙarancin sanyi, kuma a cikin tsananin zafin ko ɗayan dusar ƙanƙara mai ƙusoshin iska, ƙyalli mai ƙanshi. Speciesabi'a mai ƙauna, irin su violet na ivy, a cikin yanki mai tsayi za a iya horar da su a cikin amfanin gona na shekara-shekara ko kuma matsayin shuka na kore.
Wasu nau'ikan violet na iya yin fa'ida cikin girma, suna samar da manyan kuzari, ko sako, suna ba da yalwar shuka. Irin waɗannan nau'ikan sun haɗa da violet dankalin turawa, violet na Labrador, Langsdorf, Reichenbach, kamshi, da sauran su. A cikin ƙananan yankuna, ya zama dole don iyakance labulen waɗannan violet, digging tebur tebur a cikin ƙasa ko weeding fitar da seeding da digging fitar da wuce haddi tsire-tsire. A cikin manyan yankuna, ana iya barin irin waɗannan tsire-tsire zuwa na'urori na kansu, kuma bayan fewan shekaru kaɗan kyakkyawan labulen furanni masu kayatarwa akan shafin ɗaya daga cikin bushes ko ƙari.
Kulawar violet mai kyau: distillation
Wasu nau'in violet na perennial, kamar violet mai ƙanshi, za'a iya amfani dasu don distillation hunturu. Don yin wannan, a watan Agusta - Satumba, sun haƙa wani ɓangare na kyakkyawan labule kuma suna dasawa cikin tukwane ko kwantena. Ana shayar da tsire-tsire kuma don rayuwa mafi kyau ana sanya su a cikin wuri mai sanyi inuwa daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Lokacin da sanyi na farko ya faru, ana tura tsire-tsire zuwa garen koren sanyi mai sanyi kuma ana kiyaye shi har zuwa rabin na biyu na Oktoba, tabbatar da cewa ƙasa a cikin kwantena ta kasance da danshi.
A cikin rabin rabin Oktoba - farkon Nuwamba, ana canja tsire-tsire zuwa ɗaki mai haske, mai sanyi tare da zazzabi na 8-10 ° C. Lokacin da haɓakar aiki na ganye na matasa ya fara, ana saka tsire-tsire a kan mai daɗaɗa amma wuri mai sanyi, ana ciyar da su da maganin takin gargajiya, an shayar da su sosai, ana feshe ganyen da ruwan dumi.
Kimanin wata daya bayan fara girma na ganye, ka violet din zai yi fure, kuma zaka iya, kamar yadda a cikin tatsuniyar tatsuniya ce, ka farantawa wadanda kake kauna ta hanyar basu kwandon shara tare da nuna kalar violet a tsakiyar hunturu.
Haka kuma akwai fasaha don farkon bazara na tilasta violin shekara. Gadajen da ke da tsire-tsire ana shirya su kuma an rufe su da garkuwar don hunturu. Daga sama kuma daga gefe, an rufe filayen da ganye. A farkon bazara, ana maye garkuwoyi tare da firam. A wannan yanayin, fure na tsire-tsire yana faruwa wata daya a baya.
Yanke Harajin Kayan Yanayi
A cikin duka kundin adireshi da litattafai akan ciyawa, iri da kuma nau'ikan viotrock da violet violet ana rarrabe su azaman biennials ko annuals, amma ta yanayin su yan perennials ne (ko kuma hakane, matasa). Lokacin da aka horar da al'adun biennial a ƙarshen shekara ta biyu na rayuwa (kuma tare da fasaha na shekaru ɗaya a ƙarshen farkon shekarar), bushes ɗin ya rasa ƙarfin aiki, ana faɗaɗa harbe-zanen gefen, furanni suna ƙarami. Tare da shekaru, hardness hunturu yana raguwa a cikin tsire-tsire, kuma a cikin hunturu mai zuwa, ɓangare na apical da axillary buds sun mutu, kuma wasu tsire-tsire sun mutu gaba ɗaya, wanda ke haifar da matsanancin tsiro. Saboda haka, a cikin shimfidar wuri ana ganin yafi riba a maye gurbin duk tsirrai a cikin gadajen fure fiye da "gyara" su.
Koyaya, tare da kulawa da ta dace, pansies na iya rayuwa da Bloom har shekaru da yawa. Don kula da daidaituwa a daji a ƙarshen bazara ko farkon bazara, a yanka tsutsotsi na kusa da elongated a tsayin kusan 5 cm, sannan sabbin harbe tare da buds za su fara girma daga fararen barcin a gindin daji.
Musamman kyawawan tsire-tsire na violet na Wittrock, horned, da kuma wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan perennial viols za a iya yada su a cikin kayan lambu. Wannan hanya ce mai sauqi qwarai, tana ba ka damar tsayar da iri iri kuma ka sami wadataccen kayan shuka. Yanke kore daga tsirrai za a iya yanka su daga Mayu zuwa Yuli. Duk harbe-harbe na gefe tare da ƙararraki 2-3 sun dace wa grafting violet. Yankan sun samo tushe a ƙarƙashin gilashi ko fim a cakuda yashi ko perlite tare da ƙasa, a cikin akwakun katako ko kan ƙananan kwari. Shouldasa ya kamata ta kasance mai laushi kullun, kuma wuri ya kamata a ɗan girgiza ɗan ƙaramin bishiyoyi masu ƙyalli ko kayan abu.
Dasa itace ƙirar violet a cikin ƙasa
Dasa itace violet a cikin ƙasa ana aiwatar da ita zuwa zurfin 1-2 cm, kusa da juna (don haka ganyen ganye kusa da juna suna tare). A cikin yanayin bushewa, ana fesa su a kai a kai da ruwa. Yanke yana yanke sauƙin kai da sauri, Tushen yana fitowa a cikin makonni 2-3. Tare da farkon cuttings, matasa shuke-shuke Bloom a cikin wannan shekara. Kimanin yankuna 10 za'a iya cire shuka daga cikin igiyar ciki guda ɗaya a lokaci, da kuma guda 30-45. Na tsawon kakar. Bugu da kari, tsire-tsire na cikin igiyar ciki a lokacin ana sake farfadowa da kuma jin dadi a shekara mai zuwa.
A farkon matakan haɓakawa, ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta viola galibi cuta ce ta cutar fata ta fata. Lokacin da alamun farko na lalacewar shuka suka bayyana, ya zama dole don rage adadin ruwa kuma yayyafa saman da bushe yashi, perlite ko ash. Idan yaduwar cutar ba ta tsaya ba, a hanzarta ci gaba da ɗaukar kyawawan tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa mai kyau.
A mataki na ganyayyaki biyu na cotyledonous, seedlings suna nutsewa a kan dogo ko cassettes a nesa na 5 x 5. cm 7-10 bayan tsinkayen, tsire-tsire suna fara ciyarwa. Ana aiwatar da suturar miya ta sama sau ɗaya a cikin kwanaki 10, a madadin takaddun takaddun ma'adinai (nitrofoska, Kemir, da dai sauransu) tare da Organic (bayani mai rauni na mullein, humate, da sauransu). Yana da Dole a tabbatar da cewa ƙasa a kewayen tsire-tsire koyaushe sako-sako da kuma tsabta daga ciyawa.
Ana dasa shukar Viola akan madaidaicin wuri a ƙarshen watan Agusta - farkon Satumba. A bu mai kyau su zabi wuri na wadannan tsire-tsire hasken, tare da m, sako-sako, ƙasa m. Kafin dasa shuki, humus ko takin an gabatar dashi a cikin ƙasa, amma ko kaɗan.
Bayan 'yan sa'o'i kafin dasa shuki ko cassette tare da viola, kuna buƙatar shayar da shi sosai. Don saukowa yana da kyau a zabi ranar girgije; idan yana da zafi, yanayin rana, zai fi kyau shuka shuki a maraice. Nisa tsakanin tsirrai 15-25 cm ne, ya danganta da irin gadon filawar da al’adun tsirrai na wannan nau'in.
A cikin inuwa, furanni na pansies sun zama ƙarami, kuma bushes ke buɗewa, suna rasa daidaituwa. A kan matalauta, busassun yashi ƙasa, furanni na manyan-flowered viols kuma da sauri bushe, kuma a kan m lãka kasa da a lowlands inda narke da ruwan sama stagnate, tsire-tsire na iya mutu daga tushen rot.
Yaduwa da violet by itace da kula flower
Bayan dasawa, ana buƙatar shayar da tsire-tsire, kuma ƙasa a kusa da su ya kamata a mulled tare da peat ko humus tare da yanki na kusan cm 3-5 Mulching ba kawai inganta bayyanar tsiron ba ne kuma yana taimakawa a kula da danshi wanda zai zama tushen tushen tsirrai, amma kuma a kiyaye viola a farkon lokacin bazara, wanda ke da wahala ga tsire-tsire. Ba tare da mulching a ƙarshen kaka da a cikin daskararre dusar ƙanƙara, matsananci winters, rauni tushen kafe viola shuke-shuke iya daskare.
Amma mafi hatsarin lokacin matasa plantings na biennials ba hunturu, amma farkon spring. Sau da yawa yakan faru cewa tsire-tsire suna fitowa daga dusar ƙanƙara da rai kuma suna lafiya, kuma bayan makonni biyu wani ɓangare mai yawa daga cikinsu ya mutu. Akwai dalilai da yawa: daskarewa fita - sanyi mai tsananin gaske wani lokacin yakan faru bayan narkewar dusar ƙanƙara, ƙwanƙwasawa, dumama - cikin ruwan sanyi, tsirrai na iya shaƙa kawai kuma su huɓe a ƙarƙashin wani dusar ƙanƙara da ciyawa, "kulle", kamar yadda magabatanmu suka fada. Don magance abubuwan farko biyu na lalacewa na shuka zai taimaka mulching kaka. Koyaya, lokacin kula da violet, tuna cewa mulching wuce kima na iya haifar da kashi uku cikin mutuwar shuka.
Ba lallai ba ne a dasa ciyayi da yawa, “tare da kai,” don hunturu, tunda irin waɗannan tsirrai na iya sa tsirrai su bushe.
A kowane hali, bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, lokaci-lokaci a hankali bincika tsire-tsire na viola, kuma idan kun lura cewa tsire-tsire sun fara tashi a kan tushen sama da ƙasa - nan da nan “dasa” su, wannan, latsa ƙasa, da matsi latsa ƙasa a kusa da asalinsu. A lokaci guda, yana da kyau a ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da takaddun ma'adinai mai rikitarwa a cikin ƙimar 20-40 g (ko akwatin wasa) a cikin 1 m² (ko 10 l na ruwa).
Shuka da kuma kula da violet a al'adar shekaru biyu ba mai wahala ba ce, tana kunshe ne a cikin weeding na lokaci-lokaci, kwance ƙasa a kusa da tsirrai, kuma ban ruwa a lokutan bazara. Mass blooming na violet tare da wannan tsarin namo yana farawa a ƙarshen Afrilu kuma yana wanzuwa har tsakiyar lokacin bazara, kuma a cikin wasu rukunoni na zamani da iri - har zuwa ƙarshen bazara. Bayan wannan, ana cire tsire-tsire daga gadaje na fure, kuma ana yin sabon tsiro a maimakon su.
