Bishiyoyi masu launin baƙi - dasa shuki da kulawa

Yawancin mazaunan rani sun riga sun ji game da raspberries na Aronia, kuma suna son ƙarin sani:

• game da asalinta,
• game da mashahuri iri,
• da yadda ake shuka wannan shuka.

A cikin wannan labarin, waɗanda suke da goguwa masu girma bishiyar baƙi zasu raba iliminsu da asirinsu.

Al'adu na musamman - raspberries baƙar fata

Wani gida ne ba tare da raspberries? Wannan itace kyakkyawan shuka. Yana ba da girbi mai yawa kuma yana maganin sanyi, ba shi da ma'ana kuma nau'ikansa daban sun bambanta dandano da launi. Don haka, alal misali, bishiyoyin aronia a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun cancanci jin daɗin girmamawa tsakanin mazauna bazara!

Black rasberi, kuma ana kiranta blackberry-like, itace mai shuki. Ya kasance ga dangin Rosaceae. Wurin haifuwar tsiro shine Arewacin Amurka. Tsawon mai tushe ya kai 2-3 m; suna da karfi mai ɗorewa kuma an rufe su da kaifiyoyinn.

Siffar aronia raspberries da bambance-bambancen ta daga jan:

• ba ta ba da tushen sa;
• fari mai haƙuri;
• 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari, waɗanda ake toya, ba sa murƙushewa;
• kawai wasu nau'ikan wannan rasberi suna jure sanyi;
• kasa da ja rasberi yana fama da kwari, kuma kusan ba shi da saukin kamuwa da cuta;
• baya bukatar kulawa ta musamman;
• a baya ya fara kawo 'ya'yan itace fiye da ja;
• daji yana da tsarin tushen karfi.

Babban bambanci tsakanin blackberries da blackberries shine cewa 'ya'yan itaciya cikakke ana iya cire su cikin sawu.

Amfanin raspronin aronia

Magana game da wannan Berry ba a banza bane; ya cancanci jan hankali sosai. Ga wasu tabbatattun amfanin wannan shuka:

• 'Yan lambu sun gwammace suyi tsiran blackan baƙar fata a filayen su saboda kyakkyawan dandano. Berriesarshen itacen baƙar fata na blackberries sun fi kyau sosai fiye da waɗanda aka saba da su. Kuma wasu nau'ikan suna da dandano na zuma, ba tare da sourness ba.
• Gaskiyar cewa rasberi na aronia yana ba da kyakkyawan haɓaka wanda ya jawo hankalin mazaunan rani da yawa. Ana iya tattara berries daga m daga daji daga kilo 2 zuwa 4 ko sama da haka, ya danganta da iri-iri da kula da tsirrai.
• Bishiyoyi masu saukin canzawa basa lalata lokacin safarar su. Bugu da kari, raspberries ba kawai dace da sabo amfani, amma kuma ana iya sarrafa shi ta kowane hali: daskarewa, canning, da kuma yin ciko.
• Har yanzu ana nazarin fa'idar blackberries, amma yanzu an san cewa yana dauke da sinadarin ellagic, wanda ba wai kawai yana da karfin maganin antioxidant ba, har ma yana da ingantacciyar hanyar hanawa da kuma magance cutar kansa.

Ganin wannan, mazauna bazara da yawa ba su yi shakkar dasa shukokin blackberries ba. Yanzu ya kamata ku ɗanɗana da sanannun nau'ikan wannan shuka, kuma gano irin kulawa da ake buƙata don bushes bushes.

Mafi mashahuri nau'ikan black raspberries tare da hotuna

A cikin yankin an dauki mafi yawan iri-iri rasberi baki Cumberland. Kuma wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda ya saba da yanayin kasar mu, yana kuma bayar da kyakkyawan girbi. Amma akwai wasu, ba ƙasa da nau'in blackberries black ba ban sha'awa. Misali, Bristal, New Logan, Airlie Cumberland, Litach, Kyautar Siberiya, Juyawa, Kungiya, Luck, Black Jewel, da sauransu.

Ga bayanin wasu nau'ikan nau'in blackberries tare da hoto:

• Litach. An fara fasa wannan nau'in a Poland a cikin 2008. Varietya'idodin farko suna ba da 'ya'yan itace akan harbe shekara biyu. Dajin yana da ƙarfi, tare da harbe-harbe masu kauri da manyan jijiyoyi. The berries wasu ƙananan, mai siffar zobe a siffar tare da fure mai launin shuɗi.
• Hankali. Wani wakilin farkon iri cikakke. A daji na matsakaici iko da ya kwarara. Otsan buɗe ido ya kai mita 2.5 a tsayinsa, ya yi kama da ƙaramin juji. A berries wasu ƙananan, m, m-m, dan kadan pubescent. Girbi yana ba da mai kyau. A shuka yana da babban juriya ga cututtuka da kuma kwari yi haƙuri frosts.
• Bristol Rasberi, baƙi, iri "Bristol" ana ɗauka ɗayan mafi kyawun iri. Tunda yana bada matukar karfin gaske. Kyaftin daji na kauri matsakaici da tsayi tsawon tsawon 2.5-3 m. Thean itacen yana da kusan zagaye, baki tare da shuɗi mai shuɗi, mai daɗi, mai laushi. Ba ya ba tushen yadudduka, fi son wuraren rana da kuma dan ƙasa ƙasa mai acidic. Yana yarda da sanyi, mai saukin kamuwa da cutar sankara.
• Boysenberry. Tashi da wuri. Dajin yana da ƙarfi. Harbi ya kai 3 m, babu ƙaya. Berries ne oblong, babba, m, oblong a siffar. Yana dandana mai dadi. Yawan amfanin wannan adadin yana da yawa. A shuka yi haƙuri winters da kyau, kusan ba ya yin rashin lafiya.
• Sabuwar Logan. Da wuri cikakke daji. Tsayinsa yakai kimanin 2m. A berries ne baki, m. Yawan aiki babba ne. Don hunturu, dole ne a rufe daji.
• Rasberi black Cumberland. An bambanta wannan farkon shuka A kan harbe wani kakin zuma shafi, akwai thorns. A berries ne mai yawa, kusan zagaye a siffar, m baki. Dandanawa mai daɗi, ku ɗanɗano blackberry. Yana bayar da amfanin gona mai kyau6 kimanin kilo 4 daga daji. A iri-iri ne hunturu-Hardy, amma ba ya yi haƙuri da yawan danshi.

Aikin shirye-shiryen kafin dasa shuki a manyan baƙi

Black raspberries ba mai buƙata ba, za su yi girma ko'ina, kuma za su ɗauki tushe sosai. Amma gogaggen lambu san tabbas cewa girbin ya dogara gaba daya kan wane wuri za'a raba wa shuka, akan ingancin kasar gona, da kuma kulawar dajin.

Zabi wurin da ya dace don dasa shuki da shuki

Abubuwan da yakamata ayi la'akari dasu kafin dasa shuki blackberries:

• Wuri. Wurin da aka daɗaɗa yana cikakke don girma raspberries. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci cewa babu wasu zayuka: shuka ba ya jure iska mai sanyi.
• Maƙwabta da magabata na raspberries a shafin. Mafi maƙwabcin wannan shuka shine ja raspberries. Amma rasberi baƙar fata zai iya zama tare da sauran "dangi", blackberry.
  Mummunan magabata sun kasance ruwan dare: tumatir, eggplant, dankalin turawa. A bu mai kyau kar a dasa bishiyoyi a wuri guda inda waɗannan da wasu albarkatu suka girma waɗanda ke fama da irin wannan cutar ta fungal kamar verticillum za.
• Nisa tsakanin bushes da layuka. Yana da mahimmanci kada a dasa shuki na rasberi na bakin wake a kusa da bariki, kodayake basa bada harbe-harbe. Ba za a yi ciyawar da za ta bushe ba, kowane iska za ta hura iska da hasken rana.

Kyakkyawan nisa tsakanin bushes shine 80 cm; tsakanin layuka - kimanin mita 2. A wannan yanayin, tsire-tsire suna da sauƙi don kulawa, kuma a tabbata cewa rassansa ba su taɓa ƙasa ba.

Nau'in ƙasa mai dacewa don raspberries aronia

Ilimar ƙasa tana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke shafar amfanin gona Rasberi. Loasa mai yawan amfani da ita itace “haske” kuma yana ɗauke da isasshen ma'adanai da abubuwan gina jiki da yawa.

Irin wannan ƙasa ya dace da rasberi aronia don jin ƙoshin lafiya kuma ta sami kyawawan 'ya'yan itace, tunda ba ta da turɓayar danshi, kuma tana riƙe da zafin da ake buƙata don shuka, kuma tana daɗaɗawa.

Dasa bishiyar blackberries a cikin kasar

Zai fi kyau dasa shuki blackberries a farkon bazara, ba da gaskiya cewa a cikin wannan shuka tsarin ciyayi zai fara da wuri. Abin da ya sa wasu mazauna bazara sun fi son dasa shuki. Amma wannan ya fi dacewa don ƙasa inda winters ba mai tsanani sosai ba, tun da blackberries ba su jure lokacin sanyi ba.

Zurfin ramin saitin ya kamata ya zama akalla rabin mita; nisa - 40-50 cm. Haɗa ash ash tare da humus 1: 1 kuma cika wannan rami tare da rami na 20-25 santimita. Bayan haka, yana da kyau a cika ramin da ruwa. Kuma akwai m, daidaita da tushen, saka rasberi seedling. Jira har sai ruwan ya narke, sai a fara cika ramin da ƙasa an haɗe shi da yashi da takin gargajiya. Sannan a sake ruwa.

Wace kulawa ake buƙata?

Ko da novice rani mazauna za su iya sauƙaƙa da dama dokoki don kula da blackberries. Wannan al'ada ba ta buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, ya isa:

• Cutar da ƙasa;
• Ruwa a kan lokaci;
• Ieulla rassan rasberi;
• Koyi yadda ake aiwatar da ingantaccen girkin daji;
• San game da cututtuka da kwari na shuka, kuma ku sami damar kare shi;
• Gudanar da kayan miya;
• Shirya raspberries don hunturu.

Mulching. Nan da nan bayan dasa, kasar gona a karkashin bushes ne mulched. Don yin wannan, yankakken ciyawa mai ciyawa ko bambaro, sawdust wanda yake quail, peat ko taki ya dace.

Watse. Black raspberries ba su buƙatar yawan ruwa, har ma a lokacin rani zafi, yana jurewa daidai. Amma, idan lokaci ya yi da za a iya yin ɗamara, dole ne a zuba bushes bushes ɗin a cikin adadin da ruwa. Sa'an nan berries zai zama ya fi girma, kuma za a sami yawancin su akan bushes. Daga dukkan nau'in shayarwa, raspberries sun fi son ban ruwa na ruwa.

Rasberi ieulla. The mai tushe na shuka suna na bakin ciki da tsawo, kuma suna girma cikin sauri. A tsawon lokaci, suna buƙatar mai garter. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da fences da trellis.
Irin wannan tallafi kamar trellis abu ne mai sauqi ga ƙira. Don yin wannan, tono a cikin ginshiƙai a farkon da ƙarshen jere na blackberries. Tsakanin su jawo waya a layuka da yawa. Mai tushe na shuka suna haɗe zuwa wannan waya.

Mai jan tsami. Pruning ya zama dole domin shuka ba ya girma da ƙarfi, ya zauna lafiya, da kuma cewa raspberries ba girbi mai kyau. 2 trimmings a shekara yakamata a yi. Na ɗaya a cikin bazara, a ƙarshen Yuni, na biyu a cikin fall, kafin yanayin sanyi.

1. Hutun bazara. Ana aiwatar dashi don ƙara yawan aiki. Idan ka gajartar da harba a matakin girma, to, matasa twigs, wani nau'in fan, zasu yi girma daga wannan wurin shekara mai zuwa. A kan waɗannan rassan ne ƙananan harbe zasu gabatar da girbi mai karimci.
2. Autar pruning. Wannan pruning yana da tsabta, daji yana shirya don hunturu. An yanke rassa da tsoffin rassan. Ana yin gajeren harbe.

Kariya daga cututtuka da kwari. Ofayan mafi munin cututtukan cututtukan fata na blackberries shine verticillin wilt. Ba a kula da shi ba, saboda haka rigakafin yana da mahimmanci - sayan tsire-tsire masu ƙoshin lafiya, yanayin dasa daidai da ƙin tono ƙasa daga daji, magudanar ƙasa mai kyau.
Lokacin damina ko magudanar ruwa mara inganci na iya haifar da cututtukan fungal. Don hana wannan, zaku iya fesa bushes tare da shirye-shiryen da ke ɗauke da jan ƙarfe. Don prophylaxis, ana amfani da magungunan kashe kwari da yawa.

A cikin yaƙar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar rasberi, wanda shine ɗayan manyan kwari na rasberi baƙar fata, ana amfani da spraying tare da kashi biyu na maganin nitrafen. Wannan yakamata ayi magana kafin kodan ya farka.
Lokacin da fure fure rasberi sun bayyana, yana da mahimmanci don sake fesawa tare da infusions na tsutsa mai ban sha'awa da marigolds (ɗaukar 200gr kowane tsirrai; kowane ɗayansu yana tare da lita 10 na ruwa). Kafin amfani, infusions na ganye ya kamata a haɗe shi tare da wannan maganin kuma yafa masa raspberries.

Manyan miya. Black rasberi koyaushe suna godiya ga girbi mai yawa don miya. Wannan na iya zama takin gargajiya, misali, mullein diluted da ruwa 1 zuwa 6, da gungumen tsuntsaye 1 zuwa 17. More 1 lita na ash da 50 grams na superphosphate da guga na wannan "potion". Daga daji, ana zuba taki daga 5 zuwa 7 lita. Don haka ya cancanci zuba duk irin shuka da ruwa tare da ruwa.

Hakanan zaka iya aiwatar da takin tare da takin ma'adinai na nitrogen. Sun ƙunshi abubuwa masu mahimmanci don ci gaba da fruiting na shuka.

Sake bugun bishiyar Aronia

Ana rarraba bishiyoyi na baƙar fata ta hanyar farashi. Don yin wannan, a ƙarshen bazara, lokacin da rassan bishiyar baƙar fata suka fara shimfiɗawa, suna sintiri a cikin siffar arcuate kuma an tanƙwara ƙasa. A bu mai kyau zuwa pre-tono m raren, 10 cm zurfi. A cikin wannan ramuka ne ake saukar da harbewa, tsaftacewa, da rufe duniya ta yadda matsayin haɓaka ya kasance sama da ƙasa. Ana yin shirye-shiryen hunturu, an rufe shi da ruwan fure tare da ɗanɗano, peat. Tushen tushe a cikin bazara sun rabu da daji, kuma dasa daban.

Ana shirya baƙar fata Rasberi don hunturu

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don shirya bishiyoyin baƙar fata don hunturu. Zabi zai dogara ne da yanayin. Bayar da cewa winters ba mai tsanani mai tsanani, za ka iya barin bushes a kan trellis, tam kulla kowane tsalle. Don haka ba iska ko dusar ƙanƙara ba zai lalata bushes ba.

Idan hunturu ya yi tsawo da daskararru, zaku iya tanƙwara bushes cikin ƙasa, amma ba ƙasawa ba. A wannan matsayi kuma gyara rassan rasberi. Dusar ƙanƙara, yana rufe tsire-tsire, zai cece su daga sanyi.

Bishiyar bishiyar baƙi zata zama babban amfanin gona a cikin ƙasar, kuma zaiyi farin ciki da yawan girbin su idan kun ba da ɗan lokaci kaɗan kuma koya game da shi. Sannan kula da wannan shuka ba zai kawo matsala ba.