Echium, ko bruise (Echium) - wakilin dangin Boraginaceae ne. Halin halittar ya haɗu da fiye da nau'ikan 60 na shekara-shekara, na shekara-shekara da tsire-tsire masu rarrafe, da wuya kebanta.
Abubuwan ba da fatawa sun zama ruwan dare a Turai, Yammaci da sassan Gabashin Asiya, Arewa da Afirka ta Kudu, a tsibirin Madeira da kuma tsibirin Canary. Wasu nau'ikan suna da matsala ga tsibirin Bahar Rum.
Sabanin haka, bugun ƙwayar cuta ta psyllium ya zama barazana ga nau'in tsiron 'yan asalin a Afirka Ta Kudu, da Amurka, musamman ma Australiya, inda cikin sauki yake samun lafiya. A can ne aka sa masa suna "La'anar Mazauna."
Wannan dangi shine farkon wanda ya girma echium a cikin lambunsa a cikin 1880s, ba tare da lura da yadda tsire-tsire ke ɗaukar wuri mai faɗi ba. Makamai marasa ma'ana marasa ma'ana ne, suna haɓaka adibas, ɗimbin daɗaɗɗa, tituna, sassan yanki na steppes da makiyaya.
Babban bayani
Harshen halittar ya karɓi sunan Latin don wahalar ƙarfi, daga Greek echis - hedgehog. Da kyau, ruan kurma na yau da kullun, ko ƙwanƙwasa, yana nuna alamar fure na fure.
A cikin Rasha, nau'ikan echiums 5 ke tsiro. A cikin yankin chernozem na ɓangaren Turai, ƙararren mai kama, ko blush (Echium maculatum), yana da tsayi 30-100 cm, tare da furanni carmine-pink a cikin kunkuntar paniculate inflorescences.
A ko'ina, sai dai ga yankin da ba chernozem ba, har zuwa Urals da Siberiya, ƙyamar talakawa (Echium vulgare) ke tsiro - 20-100 cm tsayi, tare da wahalar buguwa a kan tushe da ganyayyaki.
Shuka ce mai guba, amma, duk da wannan, ƙaramin, ba harbe mai yaushi ba ne kuma ganyayyaki suna zama mai laushi, kamar bola. Amfani da magani na gargajiya, wanda aka shuka a matsayin shuka na zuma, yana ba zuma kyakkyawan inganci.
Don dalilai na kayan ado, echium plantain, ko fure mai lalacewa (Echium plantagineum), an sanya shi don furanni masu asymmetrical waɗanda suka yi fure a kan shuka daga Yuli zuwa ƙarshen sanyi. Ana iya girma a cikin shekara-shekara, kudu - a cikin al'adun biennial.
Wannan tsiro yana da tsayi 30-60 cm, tare da ganyayyaki masu ƙyalƙyali masu tsiro tare da ƙwaya masu tushe. Ganyayyaki masu sauƙi ne, duka, m-olong, petiolate, har zuwa 14 cm tsayi, samar da wata muhimmiyar rosette, ƙarami, lanceolate, madadin akan mai tushe.
Furanni suna bayyanawa, dan kadan asymmetrical, 2-2.5 cm a diamita, mai shimfidar murfin gidaje, rabe-raben biyar, tare da adon biyar na tsaye. Budsaurayen suna da ruwan hoda da launi, amma idan aka yi furanni, sukan buɗe furanni shuɗi, idan za su yi fari, sukan sami launin toka na lilac.
Mafi yawan lokuta akan siyarwa akwai cakuda tsire-tsire masu launin shuɗi, fari, ruwan hoda, kusan furanni ja. Tare sun haɗu da launi mai kyau, 'mai ban sha'awa' a cikin lambun.
Kiwo
A cikin yankin Moscow, gundarin plantain yana girma kamar shekara-shekara. Kuna iya shuka kai tsaye zuwa wuri na dindindin na 2-3 a nesa na 30 cm, ko zuwa seedlings a cikin tukwane don guje wa lalacewar tushen tushe yayin tara.
Tsaba suna da girma sosai, saboda haka shuka tare da nishi ba shi da wahala. Tsaba yana girma cikin mako guda. Idan ka shuka su a cikin Maris, zaka iya samun 'yan tumatir a farkon Yuni.
Amfani
Echium yana daya daga cikin fewan tsire-tsire waɗanda ke haɗu da babban haƙuri haƙuri da unpretentiousness ga ƙasa. Tsawon nau'ikan zamani bai wuce 30-35 cm ba.
An shuka su cikin rukuni cikin rana, furannin furanni, a cikin wuraren haɗuwa, kan iyakoki. Ya kamata a zana wurin, tare da ƙarancin ƙasa na haske ko kayan haɗin matsakaici na matsakaici.
Wannan ingantaccen tsire-tsire, mai jure sanyi zai kuma sake cika kwalin tsire-tsire a cikin wani lambu mai dutse.
Psyllium echium oil ya dace da amfani dashi a masana'antar kwalliya, haka kuma madadin mai kifi a abinci.
Furannin furanni masu kamshi na echium suna jan hankalin ƙudan zuma. Koyaya, akwai hujja cewa ya kamata a cinye zuma a cikin iyakatacce, ba fiye da shayi ɗaya a cikin mako ɗaya, tunawa da guba na shuka.
Lokacin aiki tare da echium, dole ne a kula da hankali don guje wa tayar da fata na hannayen hannu tare da alkaloids mai guba.
