Godiya ga yara matasa, masu arziki a cikin bitamin da ma'adanai, sanannen alayyafo ya daɗe kuma ya ƙaru a duk duniya. Zai yi wuya a sami wata shuka mai amfani kuma wacce ba ta da amfani kamar alayyafo, namowa da kulawa a cikin buɗaɗɗiyar ƙasa wanda zai yuwu kafada da fara mazaunin bazara.
Alayyafo nasa ne ga farkon albarkatun kayan lambu. Daga lokacin shuka zuwa tarin ganyen farko, kwanaki 30-40 suka wuce. A lokaci guda, shuka yana yin haƙuri da kyau sosai, baya buƙatar kulawa da zane-zane. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa a cikin lokacin dumama a yawancin yankuna na ƙasar ba za ku iya samun ɗaya ba amma albarkatu da yawa. Wannan mazaunin shuka yana amfani da su ta hanyar bazara da kuma manyan masana'antu na amfanin gona.
Koyaya, lokacin da ake koyon aikin narkar da alayyafo a filin buɗewa, kuna buƙatar sanin cewa wannan shine ɗan gajeren shuka. Lokacin da tsawon hasken rana ya wuce awa 14, alayyafo ya daina yin ganye, kuma ya samar da farfajiya. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire ba a amfani da su azaman abinci.
Domin wadatar da kanka da ƙaunataccen tare da lafiyayyen ganye da kyawawan ganye har tsawon lokaci, kuna buƙatar zaɓar nau'ikan da suka fi tsayayya wa furanni da kayan shuka a farkon lokacin bazara, da kuma daga rabin rabin Yuli don girbin kaka.
Dasa kuma kula da alayyafo a filin bazara
Kuna iya shuka alayyafo ta hanyar shuka da aka samo a gida ko ta shuka iri kai tsaye cikin ƙasa. Suna amfani da hanyar ta biyu sau da yawa, kuma saboda juriya na sanyi na shuka, ƙwayar alayyafo ta farko sun faɗi cikin ƙasa da zaran ya narke.
A tsakiyar layin wannan yana faruwa a tsakiyar watan Afrilu. Idan yanayin bazara bai cika zafi ba, ana iya rufe kayan gona da kayan da ba a saka ba, a cikinsu akwai waɗanda furanni zasu iya jure sanyi har zuwa -8 ° C.
Don sauƙaƙe punching da kariya daga kamuwa da cuta, ana ajiye tsaba alayyafo a cikin ruwan hoda mai zafi na potassiumgangan kafin shuka daga 12 zuwa 18 sa'o'i, sannan kuma a bushe har sai sun zama, kamar yadda yake, sako-sako.
Alayyafo an shuka shi zuwa zurfin 1.5 zuwa cm 3. Don haka tsaba bayan ban ruwa ba su da zurfi sosai, bayan dasawa, an yi birgima ƙasa a kan gadaje. Ka bar aƙalla 30 cm tsakanin layuka na mutum, da 5-8 cm tsakanin ƙwayayen.Wannan zai ba da damar shuka ta zama rownte mai sauƙi kuma ya sauƙaƙa kula da alayyafo yayin girma a cikin ƙasa.
Idan farkon shuka ya kasance a watan Afrilu, to, ana yin rani na ƙarshe ne a ƙarshen Yuni. Abun ɗayan tsire-tsire masu ɗaukar hoto tare da tazara na makonni 3-4 zai taimaka don rashin ƙarancin ganye. Daga shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Yuli, an sake farawa amfanin gona kuma yana jagoranta har zuwa tsakiyar watan Agusta, kuma a cikin yankuna na kudanci har ma da tsakiyar watan Satumba. Lines mai laushi mara nauyi a kan gadaje suna bayyana kwanaki 10-14 bayan shuka.
Yin amfani da sanyi na juriya da tsaba da kuma balaga da alayyafo, ana shuka shi kafin hunturu. Ana shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa a watan Oktoba, kuma a cikin bazara, nan da nan bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke a cikin gadaje, harbe-harbe masu amfani da wannan shuka mai amfani kuma tsire-tsire marasa bayyana.
Spinach na waje
Nasarar girma alayyafo ya dogara da shafin da ya dace da kuma shiri na ƙasa. Plantungiyar ta fi son buɗewa, gadaje masu lit da filaye masu kyau, ƙasa mai acidic mai ɗauke da abubuwan gina jiki da yawa
Takaitaccen kaka na ridges zai taimaka wajen karuwar dawowa akan dasa shuki a cikin filin da kuma kula da kanlayyaf a bazara:
- An haƙa zurfin ƙasa;
- yi, idan ya cancanta don lalata, gari dolomite;
- isasa ta haɗu da takin mai magani a daidai nauyin 15 na salts na salts da gram 30 na superphosphate a kowace murabba'in murabba'in;
- lokacin tono, an ƙara humus ko taki.
A cikin bazara, a kan kasa mara kyau, gadaje suna haɗe da nitrogen, ƙara 20 grams na urea a kowace mita. Soilasa mai yawa ta haɗu da yashi da peat. Wannan zai sauƙaƙa da aikin kula dalayyahu na gaba lokacin da aka yi girma a waje.
Kulawa alayyafo waje
Kulawa da alayyafo bashi da wani nauyi kuma yana kunshe ne cikin shayarwa na yau da kullun, weeding da kwance ƙasa yayin layuka. Yayinda tsire-tsire ƙanana, yana da mahimmanci don hana samuwar ɓawon burodi mai yawa, wanda ke hana samuwar rosettes da shigar danshi daga danshi.
A mataki na ganyen 2-3, ana fitar da tsire-tsire. Idan ka cire seedlings a hankali, za a iya dasa su, ƙara wa gibba a wasu wurare a kan gado.
Alayyafo watering ya zama yalwatacce kuma m. Domin kada ya cutar da plantings, ana amfani da masu yayyafa ruwa. A lokaci guda, har zuwa lita 10 na ruwa ana cinyewa a kowace mita na yanki, wanda zai ba ka damar hankali da zurfin ciyawar ƙasa tare da danshi.
Duk abin da alayyafo iri-iri, idan aka girma a waje, kulawa dasa shuki ya haɗa da kare tsire daga zafin rana. Lokacin da yawan zafin jiki na iska ya tashi sama da 26 ° C, gadaje sun ɓoye a karkashin kayan da ba a saka ba ko kuma ana amfani da wasu hanyoyin shading. Idan kun yi watsi da wannan ma'aunin, haɗarin bayyanar da farfajiyar yana ƙaruwa, ganyayyaki sun rasa ruwan ɗarinsu kuma suna zama mai tauri.
Tare da shirye-shiryen da suka dace na gadaje da abinci mai yawa, alayyafo suna girma da sauri kuma bayan makonni 2-3 suna ba ganye na farko kore zuwa teburin. Idan an hana girma, faranti ganye ne ƙanana, rosette ba a talauce ba, a bayyane yake cewa tsire-tsire suna buƙatar hadi da takin nitrogen. Dole ne a saka manyan granules cikin ƙasa ta 2-5 cm, sannan kuma ana shayar da gadaje.
