Yanayin yanayi na Urals da Siberiya suna halin wasu yanayin rashin ƙarfi da rashin tabbas. Saboda haka, bishiyun apple a wannan yankin dole ne ya kasance yana iya jimiri da yanayin hunturu. A halin yanzu, yawancin nau'ikan kiwo na bishiyar apple apple an ƙirƙira su waɗanda zasu iya girma kuma suna ba da kyakkyawan girbi har ma a cikin mafi yawan yanayi mai tsauri. Ana iya rarrabasu gida uku.
- Ranetki - bishiyoyin apple-daji mai tsananin sanyi-hunturu waɗanda ke da ƙananan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu nauyin basu wuce 15 g.
- Rabin al'adu - suna da loweran ƙaramin zafin hunturu kaɗan, amma suna jure yanayin hunturu na yau da kullun. Suna girma cikin tsari na daji, yawan 'ya'yan itatuwa daga 15 zuwa 130 g.
- Stlanes - manyan iri-da aka samu tare da ƙaramar hunturu. Samuwar kambi mai rarrabuwa a jiki yana cikin mafi yawan lokuta ana aiwatar da wucin gadi. Bugu da kari, da yawa sabbin nau'ikan 'yan schist na dabi'a an kuma lalata su.
Mafi shahararrun nau'ikan apple don Urals da Siberia sune kamar haka:
- Antonovka;
- Farin Ciki;
- Melba;
- Papier
- Welsey;
- Hoof Azurfa;
- Kyauta ta kaka;
- Guguwar bazara;
- Ural Bulk.
Koyaya, yanki na Ural bazai iya zama mafi dacewa ba ko da don nau'ikan bred na musamman. Misali, lokacin sanyi yana iya yin tasiri ga bishiyun apple lokacin fure, suna lalata amfanin gona gaba daya. Sabili da haka, don ƙirƙirar lambu, ya zama dole don zaɓar nau'ikan itatuwan apple daban-daban, waɗanda aka ba su lokacin girma, sanyi da damuwar hunturu. Karanta kuma game da itacen apple mai siffa mai ci a cikin gidan yanar gizon mu!
Itace Antonovka
Lokacin sanyi mai jure sanyi. Mahimmin fasali:
- babban itace tare da kambi mai shimfiɗa;
- 'ya'yan itaciyar itacen apple Antonovka suna da yawa, masu nauyin 125-150 g, tare da kwasfa mai launin shuɗi-kore;
- ɓangaren litattafan almara fari ne, m, tartaric;
- eningan itacen 'ya'yan itace - Satumba;
- yawan aiki - 200-300 kg kowace itaciya;
- ajiya - watanni 3;
- jure sanyi yana da kyau;
- Ana amfani da 'ya'yan itacen sabo don bushewa, yin compotes, ruwan' ya'yan itace, marmalade da marshmallows.
An girbe 'ya'yan itacen apple Antonovka a watan Satumba, kuma balaga na mabukaci yana faruwa wata daya bayan girbi.
Apple-itace White Bulk
Hunturu hunturu Hardy sa. Mahimmin fasali:
- tsawo na itace mai matsakaici ne, kambi yana zagaye, an kafa turɓawar cikin sauƙin;
- 'ya'yan itacen apple White Bulk matsakaici, mai nauyin 100 - 150 g, mai zagaye, tare da kwasfa mai launin kore-rawaya;
- kuma ɓangaren litattafan almara fari ne, m-grained, mai dadi kuma mai tsami;
- m cirewa na faruwa a watan Agusta;
- yawan aiki shine kilo 100 a kowace bishiya;
- ajiya - makonni 2;
- jure sanyi shine babban, ga cututtuka sune matsakaici;
- Ana amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa sabo kuma don kiyayewa.
Fruitsa fruitsan itacen apple-itacen White Bulk basu dace da ajiyar dogon lokaci ba, saboda suna haɓaka da sauri. Saboda haka, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da su don sarrafawa.
Itacen apple Melba
Marigayi rani Kanada iri-iri. Mahimmin fasali:
- itace mai tsayi tsaka-tsaki, tare da siffar kambi mai zagaye, an girma a cikin Urals da Siberiya a cikin salon salon;
- 'Ya'yan itãcen itacen apple Melba suna da yawa, suna da nauyi 140-200 g. elwal yana da haske kore tare da ja mai ja;
- jiki mai dusar ƙanƙara-fari, mai daɗi da m, tare da dandano mai caramel;
- 'ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin watan Agusta;
- yawan aiki - 120 kg a kowace itaciya;
- ajiya a cikin daki mai sanyi - har sai Janairu;
- juriya ga cututtuka da sanyi shine matsakaici;
- Ana amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa sabo don sarrafawa cikin abubuwan sarrafawa da ruwan' ya'yan itace.
Itacen itacen-apple Melba yana daɗaɗa tsayi da yawa waɗanda suka sa ya yi wuya a samar da su a cikin turbar. Sabili da haka, ana buƙatar ƙarin pruning rassan da tweezing dace.
Apple Itace
Farkon lokacin rani shale. Mahimmin fasali:
- itaciyar girman girma, tare da kambi mai zagaye mai yawa;
- 'Ya'yan itacen apple Papirovka karami, mai nauyin har zuwa 100 g, mai zagaye, dan kadan ya kama, bawo mai launin kore-rawaya;
- naman farin launi, friable, zaki da tsami;
- 'ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin watan Agusta;
- yawan aiki - kilogiram 150-250 kowace itaciya;
- ajiya - kwanaki 15-30;
- yanayin hunturu da tsaurin cuta suna da kyau;
- duniya baki daya.
Papirovka Apple-itace mai saurin-kai ne, mafi kyawun pollinator akan sa shine Welsey iri-iri.
Wellsie Apple Tree
Hutun hunturu da aka shigo da su daga Amurka. Mahimmin fasali:
- itace mai matsakaici tare da kambi na pyramidal;
- 'ya'yan itatuwa masu matsakaici, masu nauyin 90-150 g, bawo mai launin kore-rawaya tare da jan launi;
- naman farin launi, tare da ruwan hoda mai kusa da kwasfa, crispy, mai daɗi da m;
- girbin 'ya'yan itaciyar itacen Wellsie apple yana faruwa ne a watan Satumba-Oktoba;
- yawan aiki shine kilogiram 150-200 a kowace itaciya;
- ajiya - har zuwa Janairu;
- hunturu da juriya sanyi shine matsakaici;
- duniya baki daya.
An kafa kambi na itace na itacen Wellsie apple a nesa na 25-50 cm daga ƙasa: ta hanyar jujjuya da kuma datsa rassan itacen ana riƙe su a wannan matsayin duk rayuwarsa.
Apple Tree Azkar na Hoof
Lokacin bazara da wuri. Manyan al'adun gargajiya. Mahimmin fasali:
- itace ba tsayi, tare da zagaye, kambinsa;
- 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari kaɗan, masu girma ɗaya, masu nauyi 85 g, mai zagaye. Kwasfa yana da santsi, cream, tare da ruwan lemu-ja;
- kuma ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da ingantaccen tsari-mai haushi, mai daɗi, mai daɗi;
- 'ya'yan itaciyar itacen apple Hoof Azul Azumi ya girma a watan Agusta;
- yawan aiki - 160 kg kowane itace;
- ajiya - makonni 4-6;
- jure cutar da tsananin sanyi;
- Ana amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa sabo kuma don aiki.
Wajibi ne a ciyar da itacen apple Hoof Azumi a kai a kai kuma a kula da matakin zafi. Domin tare da raguwa a cikin takin ƙasa, fruitsa canan na iya raguwa cikin girma, kuma tare da tsawan zafi mai zurfi, itaciyar ta zama mai rauni ga scab.
Kyautar Tree ta Apple Tree
Autumn high-samar da gwaggwabar riba. Mahimmin fasali:
- itace mai tsayi tare da kambi mai zagaye;
- apple 'Ya'yan itace Kyauta Tsakar rana babba, mai nauyin 140 g, lebur-zagaye, tare da kwasfa mai rawaya;
- jiki ya yi launin rawaya, mai daɗi da m, mai taushi, ba ya duhu tsawon lokaci;
- eningan itacen 'ya'yan itacen - Agusta-Satumba;
- yawan aiki - 150 kilogiram a kowane itace;
- ajiya - kwana 60;
- jure cututtuka da sanyi yana da kyau;
- amfani na duniya.
Don pollination na itacen apple, Kyautar Autumn ya fi dacewa da iri-iri Anis Sverdlovsky.
Apple-itace Guguwar Tsiri
Yankin rani mai tsinkaye iri-iri. Mahimmin fasali:
- itace mai matsakaici, yana da kambi mara nauyi;
- 'ya'yan itatuwa kaɗan, masu nauyin 70-80 g, oblong-ovate, bawo ruwan hoda-ja;
- kuma ɓangaren litattafan almara fari ne, mai girma, mai daɗi, mai daɗi kuma mai tsami;
- ripening da cin 'ya'yan itatuwa - Yuli-Agusta;
- Yawa 'Ya'yan itacen apple a lokacin bazara
- ajiya - makonni 2-4;
- tsayayya da cututtuka shine matsakaici, mai kyau ga sanyi;
- amfani na duniya.
Itacen itacen apple wanda ke yankan bazara yana buƙatar pollinators, mafi kyawun su sune Creamy China, Miass, Prize.
Apple-itacen Uralsky Bulk
Zaɓin zaɓi na kaka. Rabin al'ada. Mahimmin fasali:
- itace mai matsakaici, tare da kambi mai kauri, zagaye-tsage;
- 'Ya'yan itãcen ƙananan, masu nauyin 28-30 g, zagaye. Kwasfa mai santsi, mai sheki, launin shuɗi-kore;
- ɓangaren litattafan almara fari, m, mai daɗi kuma mai tsami;
- 'Ya'yan itacen apple na Uralkoye Bulk na faruwa a watan Satumba-Oktoba;
- yawan aiki - 200 kilogiram a kowane itace;
- ajiya - watanni 2;
- babban jure sanyi;
- amfani na duniya.
Ya danganta da hanyar amfani, balaga 3 na 'ya'yan itacen ɓaure Uralskoye Bulk ana sanya su:
- an cire 'ya'yan itatuwa don sarrafawa a cikin sarrafawa da ruwan' ya'yan itace, lokacin da nama har yanzu yana da wuya, amma yana da saurin sha;
- don sabo mai amfani, apples a wannan lokacin suna da daɗi, kuma ɓangaren litattafan almara sun fi zama mai taushi;
- Ana amfani da apples don yin jam, jam da marmalade.
Siffofin Girma
Dasa kuma kula da bishiyun bishiyoyi a cikin Urals da Siberiya suna da wasu abubuwan tsinkaye. Gaskiya ne ainihin lokacin hunturu, a lokacin da bishiyoyi ke buƙatar ƙara kulawa ga kansu. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa tare da daskararru mai ƙarfi da zurfi na ƙasa, tushen tsarin har ma da nau'ikan Hardy mai lalacewa. Sabili da haka, an bada shawarar yin barci a kusa da kewaya a cikin hunturu tare da wani yanki na peat da humus, kauri santimita 7-10. Kuma daga bisa rufe shi da ganye da dusar ƙanƙara.
Don kare kananan bishiyoyin apple daga iska mai ƙarfi, ana bada shawara don ɗaure su zuwa goyon baya da aka sanya a kusa da seedling. Hakanan zaka iya ɗaure shi da kowane reshe daban daban.
Saukowa Kuna iya dasa bishiyoyin apple a cikin Urals a ƙarshen kaka, saboda sawar ba ta da lokacin yin girma kuma sanyi bai lalata ta. Ko kuma a farkon bazara, bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta ƙarshe ta narke. A wannan yanayin, ta zuwa lokacin zafi na gaske, tsarin tushen ya dace da sabon ƙasa, kuma itaciyar ta fara haɓaka. Don dasa shuki, ana bada shawara don zaɓar ƙasa mai, ƙasa mai cike da nitrogen, tare da zurfin abin da ya faru na ruwan ƙasa.
Apple a al'adance kulawa ta al'ada ta kunshi shayarwa, hadi da kwalliyar:
- Watse. Cikakken ruwa wajibi ne don bishiyun apple nan da nan bayan dasa. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ana shayar dasu a cikin shekarun bushewa ma.
- Manyan miya. Bayan itacen ya samo tushe kuma ya girma, itacen apple yana buƙatar ciyar da shi. Don wannan, ana bada shawara don amfani da takin mai magani na nitrogen, potash da phosphorus. Domin taki ya isa ga tushen saurin, ya zama dole a shayar da itacen bayan an saka miya.
- Turawa. Ana aiwatar da samuwar kambi shekara guda bayan dasa, kuma a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ana yin kayan rigakafin rigakafi. A cikin bazara, ana bada shawara don yanke rassan zuwa mafi girma don kunna haɓakar haɓakar su. Wannan, bi da bi, yana ba da gudummawa ga samar da mafi girma da manyan girmaran 'ya'yan itace.
