Ofaya daga cikin mafi yawan pellet ferns mai ban sha'awa yana ba wa masoya tsirrai ƙanƙanin girman girman ganye kuma kusan cikakke fasali zagaye. Akalla wannan abin da suke yi kamar daga nesa. Haske, kamar dai a hankali goge, m lobes na ganye siffan ba quite hankula ga ferns vaya. Kuma inji kanta, godiya ga m size, da alama babu ƙasa da m. Kuma kodayake ba abu mai sauƙi ba ne don girma pellet, ba za a iya danganta shi ga mafi yawan falms ferns ba. Pellaea kyakkyawa ce mai ƙarancin gaske wanda za'a iya kiranta da mahimmanci.
Pelaea rotundifolia (Pellaea rotundifolia).
Pellet - mu'ujiza maballin da babbar baiwa
Uniquearancin ƙaramin fern pellet na musamman yana da kyau duka biyu a matsayin tukunyar tukunya da kuma a cikin maɓallan. Ganyenta masu kyau da kuma vaya mai kyau suna canza kowace shuka zuwa lafazin dawwama. Pellae ya sami suna ne saboda launin ganye mai launin shuɗi-mai launin ganye - daga Latin "pellos" (duhu). Amma a nan, an fi sanin wannan nau'in azaman maɓalli, kuma a cikin Turai - azaman maɓallin maɓalli.
Wannan fern yana wakiltar dangi. Pterisovye (Zakarima) kuma yana zaune a yankuna masu zafi da na wurare masu zafi na kusan dukkanin arewacin hemisphere, amma kuma ana samun su a New Zealand da kudancin Afirka. Matsakaicin matsakaicin girman fern a cikin yanayi ya sa ya kusan ganuwa. Amma bashi da daidai da yadin da aka saka da iya ƙirƙirar magana a ƙarƙashin manyan tsire-tsire. Fitowar wannan fern yana da kyau mara kyau kuma ana iya sanin sa cikin daji. Amma zama a busassun wurare da tsaunuka ya ba wa pellet ɗarin takamaiman buƙatun don ban ruwa.
Pelleta (Pellaea) - Harshen halittar ba girma sosai, amma har yanzu sakewa har zuwa goma sabon super supercocorative, undersized ciyawa ferns a kakar. Tsawon tsirrai yana iyakance zuwa 15 cm, kodayake ƙwayoyin murfin tsufa na iya kaiwa 40 cm. Girma da haɓaka wannan fern yana faruwa koyaushe. Ofaddamar da ganyayyaki baya tsayawa ko da a cikin hunturu, kodayake lokaci mafi yawan lokaci na ciyayi yana faruwa a al'adance a lokacin bazara da bazara. A daidai da ciyayi na yau da kullun, akwai kullun mutuwar tsohuwar ganye, wanda ke shafar adowar shuka. Rafin rhizome na ƙwalƙwallen zagaye, zagaye yake. Muhimmin fasali na tsirrai shine kasancewar kaskantattun hakarkarin, wadanda a zahiri suke da sikelin masu launi biyu. Thearfin wannan fern ba talakawa bane. Thrice, sau biyu-pinnate ko sauki pinnate ganye suna kusan m a cikin size, santsi da dukan-gefe, zauna a kan rachis sosai densely da kuma samar da kusan daidai daidaitacce, tayal juna. Sporangia a cikin ganyayyaki suna a ƙarshen ƙarshen jijiyoyin hannu da gefuna, kamar dai an rufe ta da gefen ganyayyaki.
Shahararrun nau'ikan pellets
A cikin iyali Pelleta (Pellaea) sun hada da kusan nau'in nau'in ferns 80, yawancinsu kwanan nan sun sake cancanta. A matsayin gidan dabbobin gida, nau'ikan murfin 6 na girma suna girma.
Pelaea rotundifolia (Pellaea rotundifolia).
Mafi kyawun abin da aka fi so na masu girbi na fure kuma shine mafi kyawun abin ado na wakilan ɗabi'ar isan itace ƙaramar perennial mai kyau Zane mai siffa-zagaye (Pellaea rotundifolia) Wannan wata sabuwar shuka ce ta New Zealand wacce ke da iska mai tsananin zafin gaske, da zarar pinnate ya bar ganye zuwa 30 cm tsayi kuma ya kai tsawon cm 4 Sikeli a jikin yankan suna ba da shuka sosai saboda sautin launin ruwan hoda. Amma babban ado na wannan pellet an zagaye shi ne ko ganye na elliptik (har zuwa nau'i-nau'i 20 akan kowane wye) tare da madaidaicin baki, launi mai duhu da haske mai sheki na saman duhu mai duhu.
Kunnuwa masu duhu (Pellaea atropurpurea) shima shahararren shahararre ne da kwalliya. Ya bambanta da pellet-leaf zagaye tare da petioles mai ruwan hoda da ganye mai launin shuɗi, wanda ke juyar da fern zuwa ɗayan manyan muryoyin ja masu duhu a kowane ciki. Ganyayyaki suna da pinnate biyu, tare da petescent petioles. Wannan tsire-tsire ba kawai na cikin gida bane, har ma da lambun lambu. Bugu da ƙari, juriyarsa na sanyi yana ba ku damar sha'awar ganye na hunturu ko da a tsakiyar layin.
Ganda mai launin kore (Pellaea budurwa) - An rarrabe ta hanyar tsofaffin igiyoyi tare da kullun tsarukan petioles waɗanda aka tattara a cikin 'Rosal Rosal'. Leavesaya daga cikin ganye-pinnate tsawon tsayin sami damar girma har zuwa rabin mita, fadiwa sosai, har zuwa 20 cm, tare da m ganye lobes. Wannan shine mafi girma nau'in pellet tare da dogayen ganye na ganye, waɗanda basu da halin kwalliya.
Babu wata hanyar pellet (Pellaea ovata) wani nau'in asalin Amurka ne na Tsakiya wanda ke da vaya mai tsananin kyau daga haske, ganye mai haske tare da lobes mai kama da zuciya. Wannan ƙwayar pellet tana da ma'ana sosai har tana jure zafi ko da cikin hunturu. Amma har yanzu ba a yaba da fa'idar wannan fern ba, kuma yana da wahalar samu.
Karin tsirara (Pellaea glabella) wani nau'in Arewacin Amurka ne har zuwa 35 cm babba tare da kusan layi, ,an pinnate ko ganye guda tare da farar fata mai launin fata. Anyi la'akari da ɗayan ferns mafi kyau don ƙirar tuddai mai tsayi, amma kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin ɗakin daki.
Pwalƙwallen fata masu kyau duhu ne (Pellaea calomelanos) - jinsunan Afirka na ferns tare da ganye sau biyu ko sau uku-pinnate har zuwa 60 cm tsayi kuma har zuwa 30 cm fadi, aka tattara a cikin babban fure rosette. Za a zauna a kan dogayen sanduna masu launin ja, kuma siffar lobes na ganyen ba sabon abu bane, triangular, asymmetric.
Pellae duhu purple (Pellaea atropurpurea).
Pellae kyawawan duhu (Pellaea calomelanos).
Pellae tsirara (Pellaea glabella).
Kulawar Pellet a gida
Pellaea ba irinta ba ce. Tana son mai rani mai sanyin sanyi da laima, amma ƙasa da ƙaunar da take da ita. Kyakkyawan haƙuri na bushewar iska a cikin ɗakuna yana sa wannan tsiro ya zama ɗayan nau'ikan matsakaiciyar tsaka-tsakin yanayi, kuma ba a iya kiran kulawa mai hankali sosai. Kyakkyawan kyandir na ganyayyaki masu zagaye na pellet a zahiri suna canza yanayin, shuka yana da kyan gani duk tsawon shekaru. Kuma zaka iya zavar shi lafiya, koda kuwa baka da kwarewa sosai wajen girma tsirrai na cikin gida.
Haske na murjani
Duk da gaskiyar cewa ana sanya pellets tsakanin ferns, sune albarkatun gona na gida masu daukar hoto wanda ke buƙatar samar da wurin da ya dace a ciki. Dukkan nau'ikan, banda duhu mai duhu da bare, suna buƙatar kariya daga hasken rana kai tsaye (ƙyallan lambun ba su tsoron fitowar hasken rana kai tsaye). Amma ya kamata a rarraba wutar lantarki kuma kamar yadda zai yiwu. A gefen taga na kudanci, pelleys kawai an lullube shi da translucent, ba allon fuska ba. Mafi kyawun ƙwallon ƙafa yana cikin haɓaka a cikin wurare masu kama da sills taga ta arewa. A kan windows da yamma, ana buƙatar shimfiɗa hasken rana ko a bijirar a jere na biyu ko na uku.
Ba za a iya kiran Pellae ɗan tsiro-kamar inuwa ba, amma mai haƙuri-inuwa, wanda ya dace da karbuwa a hankali tun yana ƙarami, ana iya yin sa. Shuka a cikin irin wannan wuri yana girma a hankali, ganye kuma yana jujjuya launuka, amma gabaɗaya, wannan fern yana riƙe da ado a cikin inuwa m da inuwa. Don "fassara" pellet a cikin mafi rashin haske, kuna buƙatar canza yanayinsa a hankali, shimfiɗa aiwatar da motsi zuwa matsayi na dindindin a matakai 2-3 na dindindin 1-2 makonni (da farko fara dasa tsirar 50 cm, to sai kaɗan kara, da dai sauransu) .
A lokacin hutawa na dangantaka, daga Oktoba zuwa Fabrairu, ya fi kyau don pellet don daidaita hasken, yana rama sauƙaƙan lokacinsa. Fern da aka fallasa a cikin wani wuri mai haske mai haske (saboda matsakaicin ƙarfin haske ya kasance daidai da lokacin bazara).
Kwayar Pellet (Pellaea ovata).
Zazzabi mai nutsuwa
Duk pellets, ban da mara ban sha'awa, sun fi son yanayin zafi ko da kamar sanyi. Wadannan ferns suna jin daɗin kwanciyar hankali a lokacin bazara da bazara a yanayin zafi na kusan digiri 20. Zafin (sama da digiri 23) kai tsaye yana shafar kyawawan ganyayyaki kuma yana buƙatar gyaran da ya dace na kulawa dangane da ƙyalƙyawar iska. Sabili da haka, don pellet, yana da kyau a zabi wurare mafi sanyi a cikin gidan. Amma bai kamata ku ƙyale rage zafin jiki zuwa digiri 17-18 ba.
Yanayin hunturu don ƙashin ƙugu ya fi sauƙi a zaɓi. A cikin tsawon zumunci na wannan shuka samar da yanayi daga 14 zuwa 16 digiri na zafi. Yanayin zafi mai zafi na iya haifar da kammala gangarewar ganyayyaki ko kuma ɓangare (wanda za'a iya magance shi cikin sauƙi ta gabatar da zafi-rama feshin ganyayyaki cikin shirin ango). Temperaturesananan yanayin zafi don murƙushin mai mutuwa ne. Lokacin sarrafa yanayin zafi a cikin hunturu, ya kamata a ɗauka a zuciya cewa ga pellets, yawan zafin jiki ba shi da mahimmanci fiye da iska, amma canji. Cewa bai kamata a kowane hali fada ƙasa 14 digiri: hypothermia na tushen tsarin a zahiri hankali na iya halakar da pellet.
Daga cikin nau'ikan murfin gida, ba daidaituwa ba cewa akwai tsire-tsire da yawa daga nau'ikan ferns na lambun. Wannan al'ada tana ƙaunar sabo ne iska, ba ya tsoron zayyana kuma kawai yana buƙatar yawan samun iska mai dakuna. Sakamakon gaskiyar cewa pellet ya fi son kwantar da hankali ko da a lokacin rani, da wuya a fitar da shi zuwa ingantaccen iska, ban da shagunan arewa mai sanyi da keɓaɓɓu, da wuraren shakatawa.
Pellaea kore (Pellaea viridis).
Watering da zafi
Ba kamar yawancin ferns na cikin gida ba, yana da wuya a kira pellet wani tsire-tsire mai ƙoshin jini. Wannan kyakkyawa yana buƙatar matsakaiciyar matsakaici, ba ta son ko dai waterlogging ko cikakken bushewa na substrate a cikin tukwane. Haka kuma, idan bayan fari ya sami damar murmurewa da sauri, to bayan yalwar ruwa zai fi wahalar shawo kan matsaloli. Tsakanin hanyoyin, 3-4 cm na babba na substrate ya kamata ya bushe. Yawan hanyoyin da aka saba yi a lokacin bazara da bazara sau 2 a mako. Idan yawan zafin jiki na sama ya fi yadda aka bada shawara, to ana shayar da shuka ɗan ƙaramin lokaci, amma rage zafin ruwa. Dole ne a jawo ruwa daga kwalin kai tsaye. A cikin kaka da hunturu, ana iya shayar da pellets sauƙaƙe kuma gaba ɗaya rage zafi na earthen coma, ba da damar abin bushewa tsakanin bushewar da tsakiyar tukunyar. Yawan sha a wannan lokaci na shekara, musamman idan aka kwantar da shi, na iya zama mai mutuwa. Amma fari, har ma a cikin hunturu, ba a so. Lokacin yin ruwa a kowane lokaci na shekara, shuka yana buƙatar kulawa da hankali: ba za ku iya zuba ruwa a cikin ganyayyaki ba.
Ruwa don ƙashin ƙwallan ya kamata ba za a zauna sosai kamar zafin jiki na ɗaki ba. Ban ruwa tare da zama, ruwan sha mai laushi don pellet ba a son shi: wannan al'ada tana son ƙasan alkaline kuma wasu lambu suna shayar da shi daga famfo. Amma yana da kyau kada ku yi wa irin wannan tsaurin ra'ayi.
Mafi girma - kuma mafi dadi - mamakin ƙwalƙwallan da aka shirya bisa ga buƙatun zafi na iska. Abubuwan da ke cikin pelleta suna riƙe da ciyawar da take marmari, kayan kwalliyar sa ba sa shan wahala kwatankwacin yanayin zafi 50%. Gabaɗaya, ta dace da yanayin ɗakuna kuma babu buƙatar ɗaukar wasu matakan moisturizing na musamman don fern. Amma idan iska zazzabi ta karkace daga alamomin da aka ba da shawarar, to, a lokacin hunturu da kuma lokacin rani ya zama dole a kara zafi a cikin iska ta hanyar fesa kwari. A cikin hunturu, ana aiwatar da waɗannan hanyoyin kowace rana, a lokacin rani - kowace rana. Amma koda irin wannan ma'aunin ana buƙata ne kawai idan alamu sun ƙaru sama da digiri 18 a cikin hunturu da digiri 24 a lokacin rani.
Amma ingancin ruwa don fesa pellets zai biya ƙarin hankali. Don wannan al'ada, ana amfani da moistening ganye kawai tare da taushi, ruwa mai kyau tare da zazzabi da yawa sama da yawan zafin jiki na ɗakin. Gunsan bindiga masu fesa kawai ake amfani dasu don feshinwa.
Idan babu buƙatar fesa tsire-tsire, da ƙura ta tara akan kayan kore, to, kada ku yi gaggawa don wanke kwandon shara tare da hanyar shaƙa. Zai fi kyau ka share datti daga cikin ganyayyaki tare da goga mai taushi, da ɗan ƙara ɗumi ganye tare da shi. Rigar "tsabtacewa" pellet ba kyau. Ba ta son rigar Wai.
Kwayar Pellet (Pellaea ovata).
Magungunan Pellet
Kamar yawancin tsire-tsire masu ado da kayan bushewa, pellet yana buƙatar ciyar da kawai a lokacin lokacin haɓakar aiki mafi girma daga bazara zuwa kaka. Duk da gaskiyar cewa ci gaban shuka bai tsaya ba, takin zamani a bazara da hunturu basa bayar da gudummawa ga ferns. Na pellets, ana yin sutturar sutura ta sama ba tare da madaidaicin mita ba, amma a ɗan lokaci kaɗan - kusan sau 1 a cikin makonni 3. Daga Oktoba zuwa Fabrairu, ba a amfani da takin mai magani koda kuwa shuka ta rasa tasirin ado. Cikakken cikakken takin zamani wanda aka tsara musamman don kayan ado da kayan ƙwari sun fi dacewa da wannan amfanin gona. Ba za a iya amfani da takin nitrogen mai tsabta don ita ba, tunda pellet ba ya buƙatar mai yawa nitrogen a matsayin ma'auni na musamman na abubuwan ganowa.
Pellet trimming
Sakamakon ci gaban aiki na wannan karafan, sakewarsa fiye da dozin sabon ganye watara a kowace kakar yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa tsohuwar ganye yakan bushe kullun. Shukarsu ba ta sauke kanta ba, kuma ba tare da yin bushewar kullun ba na bushe, bushes ɗin sun rasa tasirin ado. Dangane da batun, shi ne daidai don cire shrunken, tsofaffin ganye da mummuna da cewa an rage duk aikin da ke kan wannan karafan. Babu buƙatar sake sabuntawa kuma samar da pellet.
Dasawa da canza ruwa
Yana da sauki a sama sama da cakuda ƙasa don wannan fern. Gaskiya ne, mutum zai manta da wasu abubuwa na musamman don ferns da ƙasa mai acidic: pellets a cikin yanayi yana girma akan dutsen mai sanyin jiki kuma, sabanin dangi, suna son ƙasa da ɗan ƙaramin alkaline, a cikin matsanancin yanayi, tsaka tsaki na tsaka tsaki. Don wannan al'ada, duka kayan da aka yi da kayan yau da kullun don tsire-tsire masu rarrafe-ƙasa, da ƙasa don ferns ko ƙaramar ɗan ƙasa ta hanyar haɓaka da fatar dutse da dolomite sun dace da wannan al'ada. Idan kun shirya ƙasa da kanka, to, ku haɗu a daidai sassan humus, peat, ƙasa mai ganye, yashi kuma ƙara daɗaɗɗen dutse.
Kwayoyin suna juyawa ne kawai kamar yadda ya cancanta, lokacin da tushensa ya ɗauka cike gurbin da ake samu. A al'adance, ana jujjuya ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ko da kuwa shekaru tare da mita na 1 lokaci cikin shekaru 2.
Ba kamar yawancin amfanin gona na cikin gida ba, pellet ba ya buƙatar dasa shi kawai a ƙarshen Fabrairu ko Maris: dasawa ya dace da ita a kowane lokaci a cikin bazara da bazara. A lokacin wannan aikin, an ɗora babban magudanar ruwa, wanda yake aiki azaman muhimmin ma'auni akan yawan maye gurbin substrate. Ba a lalata ƙamshin dunƙasa ba, kawai cire ƙasa mai kyauta da saman, yana ƙoƙarin guje wa lamba tare da asalin sa. Bayan dasawa, pellet zai buƙaci kulawa ta musamman: tsawon kwanaki 3-5, an fallasa shuka a cikin yanayin da ake kira yanayin tsaka-tsaki, a cikin inuwa mai ɗaukar hankali, kuma a yanayin zafi mafi girma, kula da danshi na ƙasa ta hanyar yin hankali sosai har sai an sami ci gaba da karbuwa.
Abubuwan da za a iya dasawa da shuka dole ne a zabi su a hankali: kawai m, tukwane da yawa waɗanda suka dace da nau'in kwance na tsiro na tushen rarrafe ya dace da pellet. A lokaci guda, ba a shuka shuka a cikin kwantena mai girma ba, ana ƙara ƙara da cman cm, kuma idan zai yiwu, suna canza ƙasa mai lahani kuma da ke gurbata daga sama, dasa shuki da pellet ɗin girma cikin tsohuwar tukunyar.
Pelaea rotundifolia (Pellaea rotundifolia).
Cututtukan Pelium da kwari
Don wannan fern, babbar barazanar ita ce lalacewa ta hanyar lalata ruwa na ƙasa, da sikelin kwari ko aphids, waɗanda suke shimfiɗa sauƙaƙe tare da kyawawan ganye a cikin kusancin tsire-tsire masu kamuwa. Amma a gefe guda, wannan fern yawanci ba ya fama da kwari waɗanda suka fi aiki a cikin bushe bushe - gizo-gizo gizo-gizo. Ba shi yiwuwa a magance matsalar wanke ganye a kwalin, don lalata kwari shi ya fi kyau kai tsaye ga kwari.
Matsalolin girma na yau da kullun:
- softening na harbe, rawaya dawakai ko fadowa da ganye a lokacin waterlogging na kasar gona;
- wrinkling, bushewa, gangaro ganye a cikin wuta;
- chingazantawa da barkewar ganye a cikin hasken wuce kima;
- asarar launi, bushewar tukwanen ganyen, sakin wasu ƙananan ganye a inuwa;
- bayyanar rawaya da launin ruwan kasa a kan ganyayyaki yayin kunar rana a jiki
Pellet yaduwa
Za'a iya samun sabon ƙarni na waɗannan ferns ta amfani da spores ko mafi sauƙin hanya - rabuwa na bushes.
Za'a iya raba manyan pellets a zahiri a kowane juyawa. An ware rabuwa da hannu, domin a kowane bangare akwai maki uku ko sama da haka na haɓaka. Duk yanka da raunin da ya faru dole ne a kula da su da gawayi. Bayan rabuwa, wani ɓangare na tushen zai zama babu makawa rauni, kuma a matsayin mai mulkin, pellei buƙatar dogon lokacin daidaitawa. A wannan lokacin, inji yana buƙatar samar da kulawa mai zurfi sosai.
Spores a cikin wannan murhun an kafa shi a ƙananan farfajiya na ganyayyaki a cikin sporangia, an ɗan rufe shi ta gefen da aka juya. A farkon lokacin bazara, zaku iya tattara ganimar da ke cikin pellet ta hanyar yanke ganye da goge su akan takarda, sannan a farkon lokacin bazara, shuka a cikin kwantena mai ɗorawa ko gandun daji tare da magudanar ruwa a ƙasan, a cikin gurɓataccen ƙwayar cuta. Ana shayar da ruwa sosai kuma bayan an shafe ta da ƙasa a ƙasa. Daga sama, amfanin gona na pellet an rufe shi da fim ko gilashi. Za su yi girma ne kawai a yanayin yanayin dumama da zafin jiki na kimanin digiri 21, a cikin duhu. A tsakanin watanni 1-3 kafin fitowar ƙwayar, kuna buƙatar kwantar da kwandon kullun kuma kuyi ruwan kullun, yana hana shi bushewa gaba ɗaya ko danshi. Da zaran tsire-tsire na farko sun bayyana, akwatunan seedling suna buƙatar canja shi zuwa haske mai haske kuma nan da nan cire fim ko gilashi daga gare ta. Yayinda suke girma, pellets matasa suna bakin ciki, suna barin kawai harbe mafi karfi a nesa na 2 - 3 cm daga juna. Lokacin da tsire-tsire suka sami ƙarfi, sun fara haɓaka da sauri, suna dasa su cikin kananan tukwane na guda biyu na guda biyu.
