Namo da iri mai ban sha'awa: shallots da chives

Yawancin mazauna bazara suna godiya da ƙirar shaƙatawa saboda kyakkyawan dandano, ƙanshi mai laushi da ƙanshi mai laushi. Wannan kayan lambu ba ya haifar da hawaye. Don waɗannan halaye, har ma an kira shallot "aristocrat" a tsakanin sauran nau'ikan albasa. Sau da yawa mazauna bazara suna tambayar yadda ake shuka wannan albasa da wane yanayi ake buƙata dominsa.

Kaddarorin da bayanin shalloon

Sunan Alium ascalonicum an ba shi wannan kayan lambu ne daga garin da ba ƙaramin gari ba ne a Palestine - Ascalon. A karo na farko wannan al'adar ta kasance ne a rubuce a 1260. A yau, an bunkasa shalloon a kasashe da dama na Turai, Asiya, Amurka, kuma a yawancin sassan Rasha na kasashe makwabta.

Shallots ne da albasarta iri-iri, kamar yadda yake a cikin halaye da halaye, ba a bambanta da shi sosai, ban da gaskiyar cewa ba ta da manyan kwararan fitila kuma tana tsayawa na dogon lokaci ba tare da tsiro ba. Shallot yana da albasarta mai yawa da yawa, kwararan fitila 4-25 na iya bayyana daga zuriya ɗaya, kowannensu na iya samun nauyin kilogram 20-50. Green harbe tare da waxy inuwa an riga an zagaye kuma more zagaye, ba kamar sauran irin wannan kayan lambu.

Abubuwan kwararan fitila na wannan nau'in sunada kadan (kimanin gram 60) da kadan. Danshi yana da taushi, mai dumin yawa, kuma gaba ɗaya mai ɗaci, har ma wani lokacin da alama yana da daɗi. Ana amfani dashi don dafa abinci da yawa. Saboda yawan daskararru, wannan kayan lambu ya dace da bushewa, ana iya yanyanka shi ko caramelized.

Shallots yana da da yawa da kaddarorin da ab advantagesbuwan amfãni:

• gashin fuka-fukai suna da ikon yin saurin kwanciya, wanda hakan yana tasiri sosai wajen girmar amfanin gona kuma ya saukaka tsarin tattara shi;
• saboda yawan adadin kwararan fitila daga zuriya guda, amfanin gona koyaushe zai yi kyau kwarai. Duk wani gida guda ɗaya na iya kawo daga 5 zuwa 15, kuma sau da yawa har zuwa 'ya'yan itãcen 25 har tare da jimlar nauyin 200-350;
• saboda gajeriyar lokacin shuka, wannan amfanin gona ya tsiro a gaban kowa. Hakanan, wannan baya barin lalacewar gashin tsuntsu ta hanyar lalata mahaifa da peronosporosis;
• dasa albasarta abu ne mai sauki, ba tare da wata matsala ba;
• amfanin gona yana da kyau kuma an adana shi na dogon lokaci, kusan shekara guda, ba ya harba kibau kuma ba ya lalata.

Iri da albasarta

Kamar sauran nau'ikan albasa, shallot suna latti daɗawa, tsakiyar ripening da farkon ripening. Sau da yawa mazaunin rani zuwa kashi biyu na gaba ɗaya:

• tsohuwar - lokacin girma ga wannan nau'in na iya zama daga baya ko a baya. Albasa na wannan nau'in suna da albasarta masu girma tare da launin ja-rawaya da launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi;
• ciyayi masu tsire-tsire masu tsinkaye da yawa. Wannan nau'in ya haɗa da nau'ikan 'ya'yan itace tare da ƙanana da' ya'yan itace mai yawa tare da bushewar launin rawaya. Ingancin iri na iri-iri bashi da ƙaranci, amma ana nuna shi ta hanyar dogon ajiya.

Bugu da kari, wannan al'adar ta kasu kashi biyu mai dadi, mai kaifi da Semi-kaifi. Akwai da yawa quitean irin wannan shuka don girma a yau, amma daga cikinsu mafi mashahuri za a iya bambanta.

Speciesan fari na :an fari:

• Vitamin - fatar fuka-fukin girke za a iya girbe a farkon makonni 3 bayan fara fitar da fure. Lokacin girma yayi tsawon watanni 3. A cikin gidan da yake daban akwai fitila guda 15 wanda nauyinsu yakai 35 gr .;
• Belozerets - lokacin girma yayi tsawon watanni 3-4. Kayan lambu yana da siffar m siffar mai nauyi har zuwa 35 g. Dandano mai kaifi ne, amma ba haushi ba. Yana girma mafi kyau a cikin Caucasus.

Tsarin tsakiyar kakar:

• andreyka - dace da saukowa a cikin yankunan kewayen birni. Kayan lambu yana da yawa, yana awo har zuwa 25 gr., Amfanin gona na iya zuwa kilogiram 2 a kowace mita;
• Albic shine tsayayyen kwararan fitila wanda ke daukar nauyin 35. kowannensu, daga daji zaka iya daukar inji har guda 9. Albik yana nuna kyakkyawan girbi - har zuwa tan 30 a kowace hectare. An adana shi daidai, lokacin girma yana wuce watanni 2. Ana iya shuka shi a cikin hunturu;
• airat - wanda ya dace da saukowa a yankunan kewayen birni. Daga wani daji zaka iya ɗaukar kwararan fitila zagaye 7 waɗanda ke nauyin gram 17, kuma daga mita ɗaya tattara har zuwa kilogram 1.7.

Late cikakke nau'in:

• Siberian amber - lokacin girma yayi har zuwa watanni 2. Kwararan fitila zagaye, dan kadan flattened yin la'akari har zuwa 35 gr. Yankin ya dace da dasa shuki a cikin kewayen birni, zaku iya girbi har zuwa tan 22 a hectare, an nuna dasa shuki a cikin mafi yawan wuraren namo albasa;
• Ural purple - mai wakiltar manya-manyan kwararan fitila har zuwa 70 gr. An nuna shi ta hanyar haɓaka haɓaka - tan 16 a kowace hectare, yayi girma cikin yankuna da dama na namo albasa.

Yadda za a yi girma shallots?

Wannan al'ada ba sau da yawa ta samar da kibiyoyi, saboda haɓaka daga tsaba ya fi dacewa da kwararru. Koyaya, wannan baya nuna cewa, idan ana so, mazauna bazara suma basa iya yin wannan a cikin lambunan su. Abu ne mai wahala a tara tsaba kansu, amma zaku iya siyan su a fannoni na musamman. Kuma idan har yanzu zaka yanke shawara samun tsaba daga wannan albasa da kanka, kuna buƙatar yin waɗannan masu biyowa:

• Kuna buƙatar zaɓar kwararan fitila mafi inganci, lokacin ajiyar su ya zama akalla watanni 3 tare da zazzabi na + 5 / 11C.
• Albasa ana shuka su a cikin ƙasa buɗe a ƙarshen Afrilu. Bayan wannan vernalization, shallots za su harbe kibiyoyi da sauri tare da inflorescences, kuma ana tattara tsaba daga gare su.
• Babban yanayin wannan tsari ba shine dasa shuki a kusa da albasa na sauran nau'in ba, don kada a sami pollination.

Site da kuma shirye-shiryen ƙasa

Shallot yana da wasu halaye masu tasowa, an dasa shi don gashin fuka-fukai da kuma kwararan fitila da kansu. Don samun kyakkyawan girbi, kuna buƙatar gasa karba wurin sauka yana da kyau a shirya ƙasar don wannan:

• Mai da hankali sosai yana buƙatar biyan kuɗi don shiri na ƙasa. Wannan kayan lambu ya fi kama da ƙasa mai acidic da sako-sako. Acidic ƙasa bai dace da girma da albasarta ba. Gashin fuka-fukan da sauri kan sa launin rawaya a kansu, kwararan fitila sun bushe a sakamakon. A wuraren da ruwan ƙasa yake kusa da ƙasa, kayan lambu dole ne a girma tare da magudanar da aka yi da farko.
• Shallot yana son wuraren bude kofa mai cike da haske, ƙasan bishiyoyi. Zaɓi wani wuri don saukowa, tabbas wannan yayi la'akari.
• Kafin dasawa, dole ne a haƙa ƙasa kuma a haɗo shi tare da ma'adinai da kwayoyin.
• Wajibi ne a gano waɗancan magabata sun kasance a wurin, wanda yanzu aka shirya a ƙarƙashin shallot. Zai fi kyau shuka bayan kowane irin kabeji, dankali, wake, kabewa, zucchini, cucumbers da tumatir. Kada ku dasa sharan sharan a wurin da masara, kannun fure, karas, beets da tafarnuwa. A cikin kusancin albasa, yana da kyau a karɓi kowane nau'in salads, karas, strawberries, radishes, cucumbers. Duk waɗannan al'adun suna taimaka wa juna. Misali, karas na iya hana tashi da albasa ta hanyar wari, domin wannan shagon zai gode wa karas hakanan - zai hana karas tashi daga kayan lambu.
• A wuri guda, sharar gona daga zuriya ba a ke so sama da shekaru 3.

Dasa shallot don gashin fuka-fukan

Wannan kayan lambu cikakke ne don dasa shuki a kan gashin fuka-fukin fure saboda saurin saurin girma. Gashinsa, gashin tsuntsaye ba su iya haifar da kibiyoyi na dogon lokaci kasance mai taushi da taushi. Don girbi adadin amfanin gona gashin gashin tsuntsaye, dole ne kuyi abubuwa masu zuwa:

• Kuna iya dasa albasa a kan gashin tsuntsu a ƙasa bude, ko a cikin gidaje, da kuma a baranda a cikin tukwane na fure.
• Idan kun shuka kayan lambu a gida, to kuna buƙatar dasa shi a farkon Maris. Girbi mai yiwuwa ne bayan kwanaki 30.
• Bayan yankan, ana sake amfani da kwan fitila. Dole ne a cire shi daga ƙasa, a yanka rabin kuma a komar da shi ƙasa. Wata daya baya, zaka iya samun amfanin gona na biyu.
• Albasa bude a farkon Mayu. Za a iya girbe amfanin gona na farko bayan kwanaki 30, lokacin da girman gashin fuka-fukai yakai 22-24 cm. Haka kuma, wannan gaskiya ne musamman a lokacin bazara, lokacin da jiki ke rasa bitamin.

Shallot dasa a cikin bazara

Spring albasa dasa an yi duka biyu don ganye da kuma tayin kansa. Dukkanin hanyoyin suna da matakai masu zuwa:

• An shuka kayan lambu a cikin shekaru 3 na Afrilu, amma ya wajaba don shirya ƙasar don dasa shuki a cikin kaka. A saboda wannan dalili, an tsabtace wannan tsiro na ciyawa, tono, sannan a hadu - takin ko humus za'a buƙaci a cikin nauyin 6 kilogiram a kowace murabba'in mita, kuma superphosphate 60 g. kowace sqm Kuna iya zuba dan kadan ash. Bayan haka wajibi ne don samar da gadaje tare da nisan 25 cm tsakanin junan su, a cikin bazara za su kawai bukatar su kwance sosai kuma su sake haduwa tare da shirye-shiryen nitrogen a cikin girman 30 g. kowace sqm
• Dole ne a shirya tsaba a baya don dasa. Dalilin da yasa aka sanya su cikin gauze ko bandeji, wanda aka liƙe da saukar da su cikin kwandon ruwa. Dole a rufe kwandon don kada tsaba ya bushe. A wannan nau'in, ya kamata su kasance cikin zazzabi na 21-24C na kimanin kwanaki biyu. Dole ne a wanke tsaba a ƙarƙashin ruwa kowane 7 hours, sannan a sake saukar da su cikin kwantena tare da ruwa mai tsafta.
• Nan da nan kafin dasa shuki, ana buƙatar ɗanyen dan ƙara bushe a cikin iska mai kyau, to, ana shuka su cikin gadaje kuma an rufe su da ƙasa. Daga sama ya fi kyau a cika gadaje da humus ko peat.
• Gadaje tare da tsaba dole ne a shayar dasu sosai.
• Wata daya baya, tare da yanayi mai dacewa da kulawa mai kyau, zaku iya samun amfanin gona na fari na gashin fuka-fuki.
• A cikin shekarar farko, tsaba suna samar da kwan fitila, wanda zai kunshi kananan kwararan fitila 4, a ciki zai lalace bayan ya bushe. Wadannan kwararan fitila kuma sun yi shuka a cikin kaka mai zuwa don samun albarkatu masu yawa da kuma girma, sababbin kwararan fitila za su dace da haifuwa mai zuwa ba fiye da shekaru 4 ba. Bayan haka, an sake sabunta kayan dasa shuki don kula da aji.

Dasa shallot don hunturu

Duk da kyakkyawan jurewar wannan al'ada ga tsananin sanyi, ya fi kyau shuka shi a ƙarƙashin hunturu a yankuna na kudanci. A tsakiyar layin yawan amfanin ƙasa ba zai wuce 55-65%. An dasa kayan lambu a cikin kaka don samun gashin fuka-fukan riga da farawa tare da farkon bazara kuma fara wannan hanya a watan Oktoba, wanda yadudduka za su karfafa a cikin ƙasa, amma ba zai iya samar da sprouts ba kafin farkon sanyi:

• Wurin da aka zaɓa don shuka shine tsabtace ciyawa mai bushe.
• Addara takin da ya ɓoye ko humus zuwa ƙasa da aka tono kuma ku yi gadaje tare da nisa na aƙalla 25 cm daga juna.
• Tsaba ba a buƙatar a shirya, kawai ana shuka su ne a cikin gadaje da aka yi tare da binne ƙasa.
• A cikin hunturu, an rufe yankin shuka tare da polyethylene wanda ya sa tsaba ba su daskare.

Yadda ake kulawa da albasa

Wannan kayan lambu bayan dasa yana buƙatar kulawa don kanta, ya ƙunshi matakai masu zuwa:

• Da farko, albarkatun gona suna buƙatar lokaci lokaci-lokaci yayin daukacin girma. Wata daya kafin girbi, ana iya kammala hydration, don haka gashin tsuntsaye suna da lokacin bushewa da bushewa.
• Halin da ba makawa shi ne ci gaba da ciyawar duniya. Ciyawar ciyawa tana tsiro cikin hanzari, tana rufe albarkar albasa.
• Lokacin da al'ada ta fara barin farkon sprouts, ana iya hadu tare da nitrogen, humus ko urea. Farawa don samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa zai buƙaci potassium, ash da zuriyar dabbobi.
• Idan kuna buƙatar girma albasa mafi girma, to, kuna buƙatar sikelin shi. A farkon Yuli, ya wajaba don cire ƙananan kwararan fitila tare da gashin fuka-fuka, barin kusan manyan kwararan fitila 4 a cikin ramin. Gashin fuka-fukan an yi dace da dafa abinci.
• Albasa yawanci an fallasa su da cuta, amma wannan yakan faru ne lokacin da yanayin yayi sanyi da danshi a waje na dogon lokaci. A cikin waɗannan halayen, an ƙara tsabtace da albasarta da keɓaɓɓun, kuma duk bushes yana soya tare da ƙwayoyin antifungal. Lokacin kamuwa da albasarta tare da tsutsotsi, ana kula da 'ya'yan itatuwa da maganin warware ruwa mai ruwa. Kuna iya kawar da kwari da albasa ta hanyar fesawa akan albarkatun ash.
• Girbi ya kama a farkon watan Agusta. A wannan lokaci, kwararan fitila za su cika.

Haɓaka shalloon a cikin lambun gida yana isa ga kowa, amma, ala, wannan al'ada ba a haɗa ta cikin jerin manyan wakilan wannan rukunin ba. Amma babban ripening gudun, juriya ga harbi, wanda ya ba da damar kiyaye girbi, kuma kyawawan halayen ɗanɗano suna nuni da cewa shallo tabbas za su sami connoisseurs ɗin su a tsakanin masu sha'awar lambu.