Dracaena (Dracaena) - ofaya daga cikin mafi yawan tsire-tsire masu kayan ado mai ban sha'awa. Tana da kusan nau'ikan 150, wanda ƙasarsu tana da wurare masu zafi da ƙasashen Afirka da tsibirin kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Kwanan nan, yawancin connoisseurs na tsire-tsire na cikin gida sun girma da son dracaena. Siffofin jinsin wannan fure fure sun bambanta da juna a cikin sifar, launi na ganye da furanni, wanda ke nuna cewa dracaena na iya "sauti" sosai daban a ciki. Yadda za a kula da dracaena a gida, yaduwa, yaduwa da yakar cututtukan ta, zamu fada a wannan labarin.
Dracaena.
Sunan Latin wanda aka samo asalinsa shine Dracaena, wanda ke nufin "macijin macen". Kalmar "dracaena", wani lokacin "dragon" ko "itacen dragon", galibi ana amfani da shi azaman sunan Rasha don asalin.
Yadda zaka rarrabe dracaena da stringilina
Tun da farko a cikin tsarin Botanical na Dracaena, da kuma janaren Cordilina da Yucca mallakar dangin Agave ne (Agavaceae), amma bayan wannan keɓaɓɓen dangin Dracene (Dracaenaceae) Sabuwar rarrabuwa (APG III) ta hada da halittar Dracaena a cikin dangin Asparagus (Asparagaceae).
Wasu daga cikin manya dracaena ana kuskuren kiran su da itaciyar dabino, sun rikita su da yucca, galibi ana kiransu stringilina dracaena, da kuma mataimakin. Masana kimiyya na zamani sunyi dogon bayanin matsayin dracen da cordilin. Don guje wa kurakurai cikin kula da waɗannan tsirrai, kuna buƙatar samun damar rarrabe tsakanin dracaena da cordilina.
A cikin furanni na ado, dracaena da stringilin ana bambanta su daga asalinsu. A cikin dracaena, Tushen su launin rawaya-mai haske kuma mai santsi, kuma a cikin sililiyoyin, rhizomes suna da fari da kauri. Ganyen dracaena maras kyau ne (watau ba tare da yankan itace ba), layi, fata, tare da lamuran layi daya. A wasu nau'ikan dracaena, ana tattara ganyen ne a saman tsintsiya, a cikin wasu an girka su a kusa da tushe ta whorls ko spirals.
Kulawar Gida don Dracaena
Wuri
Daga cikin dracaena akwai wasu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu ganye tare da ganye. Ya kamata a kiyaye irin wannan dracaena a cikin haske mai haske don kada ganyen su su rasa tsarin su. Haske-ganye dracaena suna cikin haske, amma ana samun kariya daga hasken rana kai tsaye.
Dayawa suna daukar dracaena wata shuka mai tsananin kauna, amma a zahiri a cikin duhu zai bushe. Kyakkyawan haɓaka da haɓaka yana buƙatar haske mai zurfi. Idan isasshen haske a lokacin rani, to a lokacin hunturu ya kamata a sake shirya dracaena kusa da taga, saboda a cikin hunturu yawanci bashi da wadataccen haske.
Zazzabi
Matsakaici, ba ƙasa da + 15 ° С ba, yawancin dracenes sun fi son hunturu mai sanyi a zazzabi na + 10- + 12 ° С.
Matsakaicin zafin jiki na lokacin zafi don dracaena shine + 18- + 25 ° C. Hardy dracaena (itacen dragon, dracaena mai ƙanshi, Hooker dracaena) suna jin daɗi a cikin iska mai kyau, a cikin wurin da aka kiyaye shi daga zane-zane. Waɗannan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu sanyi ne; a cikin hunturu, sun kwantar da yanayin zafin jiki na + 12 ° C har ma da ƙasa.
Watse
Yana da Dole a koyaushe kula da yanayin ɗaki na danshi a cikin tukunya tare da dracaena, amma ba don ba da damar bugar da ba. Har ila yau, bushewa ƙurar laka a ciki A yanayin zafi kadan, ya zama dole don rage ruwa na dracaena zuwa mafi karanci, madadin shi tare da karamin loosening na kasar gona. Iskar da ke cikin ɗakin ya kamata ya kasance mai danshi da ɗumi; idan ta yi zafi sosai, kuna buƙatar fesa shuka sau ɗaya a rana.
Sprayaukar ruwa akai-akai na dracaena wani nau'in rigakafin ne game da bayyanar ƙwayar gizo-gizo. A lokaci-lokaci shirya ɗumi mai ɗumi don shuka don share ƙura kuma ya wartsake shuka, amma yana da matukar muhimmanci a rufe ƙasa da jakar filastik don kar a sha danshi.
Tipsaƙƙarfan ganye na launin ruwan kasa mai haske yakan bayyana a cikin dracaena lokacin da aka kiyaye shi a cikin hunturu a cikin ɗakuna tare da dumama na tsakiya.
Taki
A lokacin girma daga Afrilu zuwa Agusta, kowane mako biyu, ana ciyar da dracaena tare da takaddun takaddun takamaiman na tsire-tsire na cikin gida. A cikin kaka da hunturu, ya kamata a ciyar da dracaena ƙasa akai-akai.
Dracaena.
Juyawar Dracaena
Za a iya dasa cutar Dracaena a cikin bazara a kowace shekara biyu ko, idan ta girma cikin sauri, kowace shekara. Don juyawa na dracaena, ana ɗaukar tukunya mafi girma, an sanya shards ko ƙwanƙwalwa a ƙasa kamar magudanar ruwa, sannan cakuda da aka gina ƙasa ko peat. Shawarar baƙar earthen: daidai adadin turf, ƙasa mai ganye, humus, peat da yashi. Tushen dracaena suna buƙatar sarari; tukunya da ke da inzali na 15 cm ya dace da shuka mai santimita 40.
Yankin Dracaena
Dracaena yana yaduwa ta hanyar apical cuttings, layering, ko guda na tushe wanda aka samo a ƙarƙashin fim a cikin ƙasa a zazzabi na 25 ° C. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don yaduwa:
1. Apical cuttings: A ƙarshen ɓangaren tsohuwar shuka an yanke shi kuma yana dasa tushen apical kara amfani da phytohormones da ƙananan dumama.
2. Yaɗawa: karbi yadudduka iska daga ɓangare na apical na shuka, wanda a yanka.
3. Stalk yanke: sassa na kara 5-7 cm ana amfani da su azaman kara kara. Yanki na tushe mai tushe a ƙarƙashin fim a zazzabi na + 25 ° C. Kiwo dracaenas ba mai wahala bane, tunda gudawa mai tushe yayi jure jigilar sufuri da hidimar dasa shuki. Persistarin dagewa sune tsire-tsire masu ganye tare da ganye. Dracaena tare da kunkuntar ganyayyaki xiphoid na buƙatar ƙara kulawa.
Cutar da kwari
Tare da kulawar da ta dace, dracaena da wuya tayi rashin lafiya.
Dracaena na iya bushe ganye lokacin da ba'a shayar da ruwa sosai ba, kuma haske, busassun bushe sun bayyana lokacin da ganye ke ƙona hasken rana kai tsaye. A wannan yanayin, wajibi ne don shirya shayarwa da fesawa kuma sami wuri mai dacewa don shuka.
Daga cikin kwari, dracaena mafi yawanci ana fama da scab (filayen launin ruwan kasa a saman ganyen) ko kuma gizo-gizo mite (karamin ɗan kwaro wanda ke zaune a ƙasan rabin ganye). A saman gefen ganyen da abin ya shafa ya rufe bakin rawaya, kuma gizo-gizo gizo yake bayyana tsakanin ganye.
Ana cire scabbard din da ruwa mai soapy, bayan wannan yana da kyawawa don bi da tsire tare da maganin kashe kwari, idan kwaro ya yi rauni sosai, ya kamata a maimaita maganin. Spider mites ana sarrafawa ta hanyar fesa tare da acaricide. Amma yana da mahimmanci a maimaita cewa tare da fesa kullun da shafa ganyayyaki tare da rigar rigar, yawancin kwari na Dracaena ba su da tasiri.
Dracaena.
Na raba kwarewar kaina: muna da dracaena na kimanin shekaru 5-6 tuni. Itatuwa mai cikakken tsari, yanzu ya girma zuwa girman ban sha'awa. Babu fasalullan kulawa ta musamman - yawan shayarwa da dasawa a lokacin da ya dace! Dole ne a faɗi cewa ya girma da kyau sosai, kamar a cikin daji!
