Masu mallakan gidajen rani a koyaushe suna cikin sauri don koran nasu ɗari na ɗan karamin lokaci. A ƙasar Ina so in sami duka 'ya'yan itatuwa da berries, kuma musamman apples. Kuma a nan, sabon shiga mai son yin kuskuren farko da babban kuskure. Dawo kan gonar tare da manyan kayan amfanin gona da aka shuka ba tare da la'akari da bukatun muhalli da karfinsu da maƙwabta ba. Ba su da ɗan sha'awa ga nau'in albarkatun da aka zaɓa waɗanda ke buƙatar sararin samaniya da yanki da kuma siyan nau'ikan tsayi tare da kambi mai shimfiɗa. A cikin gwagwarmayar rayuwa, irin waɗannan al'adun za su zalunci ƙananan maƙwabta.
Apples a kan rassan. W wwfbolzanoSmallaramin ko babba na buƙatar ire-iren kayan 'ya'yan itace da kayan itacen, amma kowa na son samun fruitsan itace da berries na dogon lokaci. Cikar muradin na iya zama zaba mai zurfin tunani iri-iri na al'adun da ake so. Masu shayarwa don yankuna daban-daban na Tarayyar Rasha suna ba da babban jerin iri kuma a kan aikace-aikacen launi duk suna da kyan gani. Koyaya, lambun ya ƙunshi perennials (don bishiyun apple 30-35 years) kuma yana da matukar wahala a gyara kuskure.
Don guje wa kurakurai, kuna buƙatar tunani a gaba wane nau'in nau'in bishiyoyin apple sun dace da rukunin yanar gizonku, zaɓi waɗanda kuke so. Fara farawa yan lambu ya zama sane da iri a cikin hunturu, ta amfani da kundin girkin lambun su, wanda ka shigar da nau'ikan da ake so da kuma abubuwan da kake so yayin dasa shuki orchard ko dasa shuki da yawa a karamin karamin gida ko ƙasa.
Shirye-shirye na Varietal na Apple Orchard
A cikin gidan bazara na kadada 6 na iyali na mutane 4-5, nau'in bishiyoyi 5-6 sun isa. Daga cikin waɗannan, nau'in bazara 2, matsakaici 1 da 2 marigayi. Don tsara kusurwar shakatawa, shinge na kayan ado, zaku iya siyan wasu ofan kananan bishiyun bishiyoyi (ranetka, Sinanci, apple apple da sauransu). A cikin littafin tarihi, a tattara tebur wanda a taƙaice yake bayanin halayen 'ya'yan itacen da zaɓa iri a gare su.
Za'a iya raba bishiyun apple zuwa kungiyoyi da yawa
Dangane da al'adar daji: tsayi, Semi-dwarf, dwarf, columnar.
Itatuwan itacen apple - amfanin gona tare da tsayin shuka har zuwa 8 m, ingantaccen tsarin tushen da ke ratsa ƙasa sosai (Zhigulevskoe, Belfler-Chinese). An ba da shawarar su girma ne kawai a wuraren da ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa ke ƙasa da zurfin 3 m.
'Ya'yan itacen apple-Swar-dwarf - amfanin gona har zuwa 5 m high (Elena). A gare su, rukunin gida tare da tebur na ruwan ƙasa wanda ba shi da tsayi sama da 2.5 m ya dace.
Dwarf apple itatuwa - amfanin gona mara girma, har zuwa m 2.5 a tsayi (Gloucester, Sunny). Tushen tsarin ba shi da tushe sosai, yana zaune a cikin wani yanki na ƙasa na ƙasa. Iri daban-daban sun dace da yankuna masu tsaunuka a ƙasa (har zuwa 1.5 m).
A kan jure sanyi: sanyi-mai-sanyi, mai tsananin zafi.
Ta hanyar jinsuna: bazara, kaka, hunturu, ƙarshen hunturu.
Ta dandano: m, mai dadi, kayan zaki da sauran su.
Itace Apple tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Co kokoAkwai ire-iren ire-iren bishiyar apple saboda tsakiyar da arewacin yankunan Rasha
Ga yankuna na tsakiya da na arewacin Rasha, wanda yanayin sanyi ya kasance tare da dusar ƙanƙara mai sanyi, lokacin zabar irin bishiyoyin apple, kuna buƙatar mayar da hankali kan juriyarsu na sanyi.
Varietiesaukan hunturu-Hardy na bishiyoyin apple sune: Farin fari, Candy, Grushovka Moscow, Borovinka, Antonovka vulgaris, Anis Scarlet, Zvezdochka, Medunitsa, Sinap, Moskovskoye, Elena, Sunny da sauransu.
Kwanan nan, masu shayarwa sun gabatar da sabon nau'in sanyi mai sanyi wanda zai iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi zuwa -35 ° C: Marat Busurin, Haske Zagoria, Kyawawan hunturu, Imrus, Brusnichnoe, Narodnoye, Matasa na Gaskiya.
Kyautaccen wuri a cikin tsananin sanyi lokacin hunturu daga sabon nau'in apple shine Kyautar ta mamaye Grafsky, Skala, wanda yake iya ɗaukar sanyi na digiri 40-42.
Daga cikin nau'ikan bishiyoyin apple waɗanda ba sa tsayayya da sanyi, mutum na iya rarrabewa: Cinnamon taguwa, Melba, Mantent, Champion, Agusta, Korean, Vatutin, Freshness, Lobo, Bogatyr, Belfler-Chinese, Pepin. Koyaya, wannan kadara ba ta nisantar da sauran halayensu. Sun dace da yankuna na tsakiya tare da ɗan gajeren lokacin sanyi, ba tare da ci gaba mai tsananin sanyi ba.
Antonovka ta Apple. Sawanadodin 
Apple aji Lobo. Ner sonneruplund 
Apple aji Anis ScarletYankunan hunturu-Hardy na bishiyoyin apple na yankuna na kudanci
Lokacin da siyan itacen apple na applean ƙaramin lambun ku, tabbas sai a tambaya game da ire-irensa. Amfanin gona wanda ke da nufin tsakiyar da arewacin yankin (har ma da sanyi-resistant) a kudancin yanayin namo na iya mutuwa daga lokacin dawowar bazara.
Don kudu, bishiyun apple sun fi dacewa da yanayin yanayi: Simirenko, Labari, Buzhor, Wagner, Zinare, Daraja ga Gwarzo, Farin farin, Arkad rawaya, da sauransu.
Treesan itace iri-iri na itacen apple
Irin rani na itatuwan apple
Ta hanyar jinsin, nau'ikan apple sun kasu zuwa bazara, kaka, hunturu, ƙarshen hunturu. 'Ya'yan bazara da nau'ikan kayan zaki ana farawa a cikin Yuli, babban ganiyar girbi yana faruwa a watan Agusta. Amma nau'ikan rani basu da ingancin kiyayewa. Tsayayyar rayuwar 'ya'yan itatuwa ba ta wuce makonni 1-2. Dole ne a yi amfani dasu nan da nan bayan girbi. Dadi mai dadi-mai dadi ko mai zaki, dusar ƙanƙara, mai ƙarfi, kullun ƙanshi na zuma, yana haifar da ci.
Manyan shahararrun wakilan farkon apples ko bazara sune Elena, Medunitsa, Farin farin, Mangarar, Melba, Moscow Grushovka, Confetnoe, Borovinka, Korichnoye da sauransu.
Autumn iri na itacen apple
Abubuwa na farko na nau'in kaka suna bayyana a ƙarshen watan Agusta. Babban fruiting yana faruwa a watan Satumba. Ingantaccen ɗimbin su yana da ƙasa, kuma tsawon sa bai wuce watanni 2-3 ba. A ɓangaren litattafan almara shi ne m, mai dadi tare da sourness. Lokacin zabar yawancin bishiyoyin apple don lambun ku, ku tuna cewa damina ce da damina da ake amfani da ita lokacin girbi hunturu a cikin ruwan lemon, cotes, jam da sauran su. Ana iya adana nau'in kaka-Hardy na hunturu har zuwa watanni 3, yayin riƙe daɗin dandano.
Yawancin nau'in apple na damina-hunturu sun haɗa da Narodnoye, ifarfafa, Orlovskoye, Bessemyanka, Aromatnoye, Korichnoye, Koreyanka da sauransu. A cikinsu akwai mai saurin fitar (Oryol), mai daɗi (Mutane). A kasuwa koyaushe zaka iya siyan matan Koriya, giyar cinnamon, sauran nau'ikan wannan nau'in. Eterayyade abin da dandano da ƙanshi kuke so mafi kyau kuma shigar da bayanai a cikin littafin tarihin ku.
Don yankuna na kudanci waɗanda ke da apple mai "dumi mai sanyi", zakara, iri na Aydaret sun dace.
Apple sa fari farin 
Alewa ta Apple. Lo plodovsad 
Apple cin Cinon Ital Bryy BryYankunan hunturu na bishiyoyin apple
Babban hankali lokacin zabar bishiyoyi iri-iri apple yakamata a baiwa hunturu da na ƙarshen hunturu, domin zasu samar da cikekken jiki tare da sinadarai a cikin mafi yawancin lokacin - Fabrairu-Afrilu: Bogatyr, Antonovka, Welsey, Pepin, Zhigulevskoye, Zvezdochka, Aphrodite, Orlovskoye, Sunny da sauransu.
Girbi a cikin balaga na fasaha a watan Satumba-Oktoba. Ba za ku iya ci su nan da nan ba. Abubuwan da suke ɗanɗano yawanci m ne, ɗan tart, naman maƙe. An adana su har tsawon watanni shida, kuma Simirenko, Bogatyr, Zvezdochka ba su rasa halayen su har tsawon watanni 9 na adanawa.
Yawancin lambu suna la'akari da iri-iri na Moscow don zama zakara a cikin tsananin hunturu da adana lokacin, waɗanda aka adana 'ya'yansu har zuwa sabon girbi. Yankunan hunturu a kudu, a cikin tsakiyar yankuna, suna buƙatar dogon kaka mai zafi, lokacin zafi. A wannan lokacin, bishiyoyin tuffa suna tara wadataccen sukari da mahadi mai ƙanshi waɗanda ke ba da ɗanɗano da ƙamshi na musamman ga fruitsa fruitsan lokacin balaga na halitta, wanda ke faruwa a watanni hunturu (Simirenko, Antonovka).
Irin hunturu na bishiyoyin apple, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna da ingancin kiyayewa. Irin nau'in hunturu tare da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano na 'ya'yan itatuwa sun cancanci kulawa don adana na dogon lokaci: Berkutovskoye, Aphrodite, Bogatyr, Moskovskoye daga baya. Babban yawa daga ɓangaren litattafan almara da ɗanɗano mai tsami, iyakance amfaninsu cikin sabon tsari nan da nan bayan girbi. Samun ingantaccen ingancin kiyayewa, nau'in hunturu sannu-sannu a hankali lokacin da suke ajiyar kaya kuma daga watan Fabrairu-Maris sun sami wadatar dandano mai yawa: ƙoshin ruwan sanyi, ƙyalli mai daɗi, ƙanshi.
Atearshen hunturu iri na bishiyun apple
Daga cikin ƙarshen hunturu, shahararrun nau'ikan sune Belfler-Chinese, Sinap, Lobo, Moscow, Freshness. An adana ire-iren Lobo da Farin ciki na dogon lokaci, amma suna da matsakaicin tsaka-tsakin hunturu, kuma Belfler na kasar Sin yana da tsayi kuma yana da girman kambi. Duk marigayi hunturu (daga la'akari iri dauke) ana halin babban yawan haihuwa.
Varietiesatattun nau'ikan bishiyoyin
Itace apple mai siffar kankara, wacce akayi saurin karbuwa da wuri a cikin gonar masu zaman kansu, an sanya su ga wani rukuni daban. Wannan nau'in abu ne mai ban mamaki saboda ba shi da rassa a kaikaice. Harshen yana girma a cikin akwati guda, al'adar daji shine 0.25-1.0 m, an kafa amfanin gona kai tsaye a kan akwati, yawan amfanin ƙasa ya yi yawa.
Yawancin bishiyoyin apple na wannan nau'in suna da tsayayya sosai ga cututtuka da kwari, da tsayayya wa sanyi, amma suna da tushen tushensu. Tsawon asalin tushen sa bai wuce 25-30 cm ba kuma suna da kusanci da ƙasa ƙasa har ma da kwance ƙasa na iya lalata su. Tsarin tushen farfajiyar bishiyoyin da ke da siffa na mulkin mallaka na bukatar kulawa, suna buƙatar yin shayarwa (sau 2-3 a mako tare da mulching mai zuwa) da kuma kayan miya. Drip ban ruwa ne ya dace da su.
Kundin Apple na Agusta. Iv George Ivashevsky 
Darajan Turanci na Apple. Urzadzamy 
Darajan Apple Idared. Rus agrusMafi kyawun nau'ikan bishiyun applear columnar da za a iya girma a cikin tsakiya da yankuna Siberian sune Vasyugan, Necklace na Moscow, Sanata, Shugaba, Ostankino, Mallaka, Currency, Arbat, Medok, Gin, Tattaunawa.
Daga cikin waɗannan, mafi sanyi-mai tsauri, da haɓaka da haɓaka kuma ya samar da albarkatu a cikin yankunan Siberian - abun wuya na Moscow da Vasyugan.
Irin rani na itatuwan applear columnar sun haɗa da Malyuha, Shugaba, Medok. Varietywararru mai ban sha'awa sosai na Medoc. Yana nufin zuwa lokacin rani-kaka iri, amma marigayi ripening. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na fasaha an cire su a ƙarshen watan Agusta.
Babban bambanci shine halin da hunturu iri na apple apple columnar Amber abun wuya, Bolero, Currency, Moscow abun wuya. An cire nau'in abun wuya na Marigayi na ƙarshen Moscow a ƙarshen Satumba. Zai riƙe halayensa har zuwa Maris.
Yanayin girma na Apple
Itatuwan Apple a matsakaita suna girma kuma suna bada 'ya'ya tsawon shekaru 30-35. Saboda haka, lokacin da kwanciya itacen apple, da kuma lokacin da dasa shuki da yawa seedlings, kana bukatar ka zama mai da hankali sosai ga agrotechnical bukatun da al'adunsu.
Zaɓin shafin
Apple bishiyoyi ba su yi haƙuri low wurare inda spring frosts slide da stagnate. Daga dawowa da dusar ƙanƙara mai sanyi a duk yankuna (gami da waɗanda ke kudanci), cikakken daskarewa ko mummunar lalacewar fure mai fure da fure mai fure na wannan al'ada yana yiwuwa. Don haka, a cikin ƙasar, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar makami wanda ke da girma da kariya daga gudanawar iska mai sanyi. Idan za ta yiwu, zaɓi keɓaɓɓen, tare da yanayin da ya dace, yi shiri don bishiyoyi 5-8. Don haka ana iya ba da cikakken kulawa da kuma buƙatun fasahar aikin gona don cika.
A cikin ƙaramin gida, kula da itatuwan apple na columnar. Smallaramin al'ada na al'ada zai ba da damar dasa shuki a cikin ƙaramin yanki har zuwa nau'ikan 12-15. Wasu lambu suna dasa su cikin rangwamen kudi, suna haifar da keɓantacciyar hanya mai ban sha'awa, "m" yayin fure da tumatir na fure.
Itace Apple basa son inuwa. Suna buƙatar wurare masu haske a ko'ina, kuma tsarin tushen wani ba ya ɗauka. Sabili da haka, yi ƙoƙarin dasa bishiyoyi matasa a nesa daga tsoffin bishiyoyi. Idan rukunin yanar gizon ya ba da izinin, za a iya dasa bishiyoyin apple a cikin ƙananan rukuni a wuraren da suka dace da bukatun muhalli da aikin gona. A cikin littafin tarihin, a kan babban tsarin shafin, yiwa wuraren da aka sanya domin bishiyoyin apple. Damuwa ta gaba ita ce haɗuwa da ingancin ƙasa a cikin wuraren da aka kasafta a ƙarƙashin itacen apple.
Yarinya itacen apple. © SolarbeezIlasa don itacen apple
Matsakaici kasa tare da pH na 5.5-6.5 ana buƙatar bishiyoyin apple, ana ba su isasshen abubuwan gina jiki, musamman nitrogen, tare da kaddarorin magudanan ruwa masu kyau, matsakaiciyar matsakaici (loamy chernozems, talakawa), amma iska da ruwa permeable tare da ƙarfin danshi mai ƙarfi. Mafi dacewa sune chernozems na yau da kullun, loamy tare da fifikon ruwan yashi, loess-like loams. A kan kasa mai haske, ban ruwa akai shine dole. Peaty, ƙasa mai acidified mai kyau tare da kusancin ruwan ƙasa, tare da ruwa mai tsauri bayan ruwan sama da ban ruwa bai dace ba. Itacen Apple da ke da tushe mai zurfi a kan yashi ko yashi-yashi na haɓaka da talauci kuma suka mutu da wuri.
Bayan kun ɗauki wuri mai kyau da nau'in ƙasa, zaku iya sayan shuka a bazara kuma ku dasa gonar kurtunku.
Hankali! Muna tambayar ku don rubutawa a cikin bayanan wannan labarin: wane nau'in bishiyoyin apple da kuka girma, nawa suka gamsar da ku, yadda suke dace da halayen da aka bayyana. Kar ku manta da nuna yankinku da fasalolin fasahar noma. Na gode!
