Tsarin wani shiri na gona tare da Kurdyumov

Nikolai Ivanovich Kurdyumov, wani masanin kimiyyar gona ta hanyar ilimi kuma mai yada ilimi akan aikin gona, yana da mabiya da yawa. Suna kiran filayen filayen su bisa tsari kamar yadda ya tsara - gonar a cewar Kurdyumov. Menene sirrin nasarar nasarar aikin gona ta amfani da fasaha na Nikolai Ivanovich. Portofar ƙasarmu za ta yi ƙoƙarin amsa duk waɗannan tambayoyin!

Game da marubucin

Nikolai Ivanovich Kurdyumov an haife shi a Adler, a 1960. A shekarar 1982 ya kammala karatun digiri a makarantar koyon aikin gona ta Moscow. Timiryazev na musamman "Agronomy". Bayan horarwar theoretical a makarantar, Nikolai Ivanovich ya duba duk ilimin da aka samu tsawon shekaru a aikace, ta amfani da kwarewar masana kimiyya irin su Ovsinsky, Dokuchaev, Timiryazev, Fukuoka da sauransu. Kurdyumov yayi magana game da kansa a matsayin mai bin ɗabi'ar gargajiya, aikin gona. Don manyan nasarorin da suka samu a fannin kere kere, an baiwa Kurdyumov lambar yabo ta zinare na bikin kasa da kasa karo na uku "Golden Bunch na Inabi".

Agronomist yana buga ayyukansa akai-akai cikin littattafan da aka buga akai-akai. Mafi shahararrunsu sune:

• "Smart Garden";
• "Smart lambu";
• "Smart gonar inabinsa";
• "Smart greenhouse";
• "Masarauta ta haihuwa";
• "Kariya maimakon gwagwarmaya" da sauransu.

Babban abin yabo na Nikolai Ivanovich shine ya ƙara hatsi na ƙwararrun masaniyar jama'a ga kyakkyawan tushe da ƙwarewar duniya a harkar noma.

Hudu guda na haihuwa

Kurdyumov ya ɗauki yanayi huɗu na haihuwa a matsayin manyan abubuwan nasarar sa:

• kula da tsayayyen matakin yanayin zafi;
• rike kyakkyawan yanayin rayuwa;
• rigakafin yawan zafin jiki a cikin bazara;
• rike babban matakin carbonic acid a cikin gona.

Munyi la'akari da kowanne yanayi cikin daki daki.

Mafi kyawun yanayin danshi

Ayyukan kayan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙasa yana yiwuwa ne kawai tare da danshi na al'ada. Kwayoyin cuta suna shan wahala a cikin busasshiyar ƙasa, kuma bazuwar kwayoyin halitta ta tsaya a can. A cikin gurbataccen ruwa, maimakon bazuwar, an fara aiwatar da abubuwa masu cutarwa.

Perasa permeability

A kan ma compused ƙasa, da tsire-tsire ba su girma. Idan kun tona shi, tsutsotsi da kwari da suke sarrafa kwayoyin halitta a cikin humus ba za a same su ba a ciki.

Dukkanin matakai a cikin ƙasa suna faruwa ne sakamakon oxygen - nitrification na nitrogen, rushewar phosphorus da potassium ta acid. Yawancin danshi yana shiga ƙasa mai wadata ta ƙasa tubules fiye da ƙasa mai haɗin gwiwa. Ana iya lura da wannan tsari a cikin gandun daji. A ciki, koda bayan tsawan ruwan sama, babu kusan adadin manyann ciyayi. Duk danshi yana tunawa cikin zurfin ƙasa.

A lokacin rani, kasar gona ya kamata ba overheat.

Kuma mafi dacewa, ya kamata ya fi sanyi sama da iska, sannan raɓa na ciki zai yi girma a jikin bangon tubules, wanda yake daidaita zafi. Matsanancin tsalle-tsalle cikin yanayin rana da daddare yayi mummunan tasiri kan girma da haɓaka tsirrai.

Babban adadin carbonic acid

Anan zamu iya gano sarkar nazarin halittu masu zuwa: ƙasa tare da babban abun da ke tattare da kwayoyin halitta wanda ba shi da kwarin gwiwa yana jawo kwari da tsutsotsi masu yawa, waɗanda ke lalata abubuwan da ke cikin ma'adanai (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, da sauransu) da kuma fitar da carbon dioxide. Latterarshe, haɗuwa da ruwa a gaban oxygen a cikin ƙasa, yana samar da carbonic acid, yana iya sauya abubuwa masu ma'adinai zuwa siffofin da ake kimantawa ga tsire-tsire. Saboda haka, tara humus - m Layer na duniya.

Ta yaya za a tabbatar da cewa duk waɗannan halaye sun cika?

Nikolai Ivanovich ya tabbata cewa wannan abu ne mai sauƙin samu ta hanyar yin waɗannan dabarun agronomic:

• da amfani da yankan jirgin sama da pololniks maimakon tono;
• mulching saman duniya a kan gadaje da hanyoyin tafiya;
• shuka kore na kore;
• na'urar ban ruwa daskarewa;
• samar da dukkan abubuwan da suka rage na gargajiya;
• tsari na manyan dogayen gadaje.

Kurdyumov ya bayyana dalla-dalla yadda za a gudanar da waɗannan dabarun da kyau.

Yadda za a yi ba tare da tono ba

Aikin gona wani aiki ne mai wahala wanda ke katse yawancin mutane daga aikin gona. Bugu da kari, muna daukar shi wajibi ne don tono sau biyu a shekara - bazara da damina. Sakamakon tono a cikin ƙasa, duk ramukaƙin halitta, "pores" na ƙasa, suna da damuwa. Bayan wannan hanyar, ƙasa ba ta kasance mai kwance tsawon lokaci ba - bayan ruwan sama na farko, tana yin rikitarwa da rushewa. Muhimmin aiki na kananan halittu da tsutsotsi a cikin irin wannan yanayi suke raguwa sosai, saboda haka, yawan haihuwarsa yake raguwa.

Shigar da lambun a cewar Kurdyumov ya ƙunshi maye gurbin malamin gona mai ban tsoro da lahani tare da amfani da injin jirgin sama. Ba ya keta tsarin ƙasa, yana da sauƙin amfani, da yanke abubuwa game da tushen ƙwanƙwasa da ɗan kwance saman Layer.

Akwai kayan aiki da yawa don wannan aikin:

• sanannen matukin jirgin Fokine (ƙanana da babba);
• daban-daban pololniks, ko jirgin-cutters-madaukai;
• masu aikin hannu, kama da nau'ikan nau'ikan masu fasinjan jirgin sama tare da injin da ke sauƙaƙe aiki.

Don saurin aiki da ingantaccen aiki na babban yanki daga ciyawa, 'yan lambu suna yin kayan aikin gida ta hanyar ɗaukar matukin jirgin sama ko pololnik zuwa firam tare da ƙafafun daga sandbarrow, keken keke ko yara.

Amfanin mulching

Ciyawa duk wani abu da yake kwance a kasa yana lullube shi da rana. Don ƙirƙirar Layer mulching, yi amfani da:

• jaridu
• sawdust
• ciyawar ciyawa
• murƙushe haushi
• kayan lambu
• rabin takin da aka dafa ko taki.

Lokacin farin ciki ciyawar mulch tana magance matsaloli da yawa ga lambu nan take:

• rage rage ci gaban sako;
• yana hana zafi fiye da zafi;
• yana ba da gudummawa ga riƙe da danshi na ƙasa;
• bazu, samar da ƙwayoyin cuta, da haɓaka haihuwa.

Kurdyumov yana ɗaukar ciyawa mafi amfani don zama ɗaya a cikin abin da ake samun carbon mai yawa - kwakwalwan kwamfuta, rassan bishiyoyi, ganye.

Yana da kyawawa don kara manyan barbashi ta amfani da na'urar ta musamman - gurnetar kayan lambu. Yana haifar da ingantaccen juzu'i - ciyawa ba ya yin cake kuma baya bushewa.

Shuka takin kore

Kurdyumov ya lura sau da yawa cewa ƙasa mara lahani, wacce ba ta da "bargo" na kayan lambu, da sauri ta rasa tsarinta da keɓaɓɓen takaddara. A zahirin yanayi, ciyawar duniya ba ta zama, an rufe ta da ciyawa. Nikolai Ivanovich ya ba da shawara su yi iri ɗaya: bayan mun girbe farkon amfanin gona, shuka irin kayan amfanin gona da sauri, ba tare da jiran fure da iri ba. Don haka, ana magance matsaloli uku:

• isasa ta kasance koyaushe yake rufe ciyayi.
• gutsuttsuran gefen da ke wadatar da ƙasa tare da kwayoyin halitta;
• ana amfani da gefuna kamar ciyawa.

Don tsinkaye ƙasa ta amfani da hatsi da hatsi mai sauri. Na wa? Ansu mashahuri:

• hatsin hunturu;
• mustard
• mai radish;
• vetch;
• fis dushewa;
• lupine na shekara;
• alfalfa da sauransu.

Kafin dasa shuki koren kore, dole ne a la'akari da wasu dabara.

Misali, bayan mun girbe amfanin gona, bai kamata mutum yayi shuka radish da mustard ba, tunda su ma sun kasance daga dangin crossiferous. Ko da lokacin dasa shuki kore, yana da kyau a yi amfani da jujjuyawar amfanin gona - kar a shuka amfanin gona na dangi sama da shekara guda a kan gado ɗaya.

Siderata an shuka shi da yawa wanda ya sa suka tsaya kusa da bango ya rufe duniya duka. Kafin hunturu, ana shuka su sau da yawa.

Hakanan ana amfani da ciyawar a matsayin matsattsen ciyayi na yau da kullun, masu dacewa ko'ina, sai dai mulled gadaje da kututturen ciyayi na matasa.

Me ya sa nake bukata ban ruwa na ruwa

Rage ruwa ya banbanta da na yau da kullun saboda ba ya lalata saman duniya, bayan wannan an rufe shi da ɓawon burodi. M kananan saukad da su daga ta musamman tiyo tare da ramuka fada zurfi a cikin ƙasa kai tsaye zuwa ga tushen, kuma tabbata ya kasance sako-sako da. Ana sayo tsarin daskararren ruwa a cikin shaguna na musamman ko an yi shi da kansa. Suna kama da wani abu kamar hoton da ke ƙasa:

Ruwan da ke cikin ɗakin yana gudana ƙarƙashin ƙananan matsin lamba ta bututu zuwa gadaje inda ake buɗa wuraren saukar da ramuka. Yin amfani da hanyar gwaji, yana da sauƙi a tantance tsawon lokacin da za a buɗe famfo saboda tsire-tsire su sami isasshen danshi. Idan ya cancanta, ana ƙara takin mai magani a cikin ganga - fermented jiko na weeds, waɗanda aka riga an tace su don hana ramuka daga taƙama. Don haka, girma kayan lambu a kan shawarar Kurdyumov, an bar mai lambun da bukatar ɗaukar buhuna masu nauyi da kuma gwangwani tare da ruwa.

Hadin gwiwa

Kurdyumov ya ba da shawara ga niƙa duk ɓarnar kwayoyin da amfani dashi maimakon ciyawa akan gadaje. Amma yana da kyau a takin sabo taki ko abinda ke ciki na busassun kayan kwalliya da farko domin matakin nitrates baya karuwa sosai a cikin kasar. Lokacin ingantawa, yakamata kayi la'akari da wadannan abubuwan:

• gina ganuwar daga kayan ƙarfe don musayar iska ba ta da damuwa kuma ayyukan juya su fara maimakon zafi mai zafi;
• rufe takin tare da murfi don sarrafa zafi na takin;
• haxa abubuwan da ke cikin kullun tare da fenti don kada babban Layer ya bushe, kuma ƙananan su sami isasshen iska;
• don hanzarta lalata lalata takin, amfani da shirye-shiryen Baikal da Radiance;
• Bugu da kari na ash yana sanya takin ya zama mai daidaituwa dangane da abubuwan gina jiki.

Zai dace a yi amfani da irin wannan takin a kan gadaje bisa ga Kurdyumov a cikin shekara guda, saboda dukkanin tsaba na ciyawar ciyawa su kyankyashe ta a ciki.

Darasi na aikin lambu daga Kurdyumov - bidiyo

Babban gadaje masu dumin dumi

A cewar Kurdyumov, kwalaye masu gado-tsaye sun fi dacewa fiye da gadaje na ɗakin kwana. Akwai dalilai da yawa don wannan:

1. Yankin ƙasa mai ƙanshi da ke kafawa lokacin da ciyawa da tarkace na ɗamarar ƙwayar cuta ba ya cika cikin hanyoyi.
2. A kan gado na dindindin ya fi dacewa a ba da ruwan ban ruwa, ba lallai ne a ƙaura daga wuri zuwa wuri kowace shekara.
3. A kan gadaje masu tsayi shi ya fi dacewa don saka idanu da biyayya tare da juyawa amfanin gona. Don yin wannan, ana yin rikodin dukkanin tsire-tsire a kowace shekara a cikin littafin ɗan littafin daban, kuma ana ƙidaya gadaje.
4. Lokacin shirya gadaje masu ɗumi, bangarorin ba za su bar yadudduka su faɗi ba.

Gadaje bisa ga Kurdyumov an sanya su a cikin jerin masu zuwa:

• buga akwatin girman madaidaici daga kowane kayan da ya dace - allon, aljihunan, ragowar takarda da aka bayyana;
• alama wuri a ƙarƙashin gado kuma cire Layer na duniya 30-40 cm;
• don rufe kasan gadaje masu zuwa tare da kwali don kada ciyawar da ke tsiro ta lalace;
• zuba wani yanki na magudana daga shredded rassan, kwakwalwan kwamfuta, haushi, ganye, reeds, fesa tare da ash kuma shayar da fermented ciyawa jiko;
• don sanya kayan abu mai lalata-takin - takin, zuriyar dabbobi;
• gama samuwar tare da takardar takin da aka gama.

Wani gado mai dumin rai wanda aka shirya ta wannan hanyar zai samar da amfanin gona tare da duk abubuwan da ake buƙata na shekaru da yawa. Bayan 'yan shekaru, an kafa gado sabo.

A ƙarshe, Nikolai Ivanovich yana ba da shawara ta ƙarshe:

Kowane yanki na Rasha yana da yanayin yanayi da yanayin yanayi. Sabili da haka, kada kuyi amfani da duk shawarwarin rashin tunani - wasun su na iya dacewa da yanayin ku. Yi hankali da lura da lambun ku kuma ku canza dabarar yin noma domin tsirrai su yi kyau. Bayan haka zaku sami ainihin lambu a cewar Kurdyumov.