Wani babban jirgin ruwa da zai tashi daga Kudancin Amurka zuwa Turai, kamar manyan kwakwalwar teku, yana jefa guntu. Duk waɗanda har yanzu suna da ɗan ƙarfi sun yi tsayayya da tsayayya da abubuwan da basu dace ba har kwana guda. Amma hadarin yana yaudarar mutane ta wani gefen: mafi yawan matukan jirgin da fasinjoji suna matukar shan azaba da wasu cututtuka da ba a san su ba.
Ba tsammani shine yanayin da mafi ƙarancin fasinja - Mataimakin na Peru, wanda ya haɗu da ƙarancin sunan Don Luis Geronimo Cabrera de Vobadilla Count Cinghon. Shekaru da yawa ya shugabanci ɗayan mafi ƙasƙanci na mulkin mallaka na Spain - Peru, kuma yanzu a ƙarshen 1641, gajiya ta kamu da rashin lafiya, yana dawowa gida Spain. Wannan cutar malaria ce. Daga cikin manyan kayayyaki da suka cika makil, Mataimakin shugaban ya damu matuka game da makomar wannan babban barke dauke da haushi, wanda a cewar Indiyawan Indiya, an warkar da zazzabin cizon sauro. A farashin manyan hadayu ne ta je wurin Mataimakin, wanda shi ne na farko da Turawa suka mallaki irin wannan taskar. Da wannan haushi, ya danganta begen warkarwa daga mummunar cutar. Amma a banza, gajiya daga wahala, ya yi ƙoƙarin tauna haushi, mai ƙone bakin: babu wanda ya san yadda za a yi amfani da kayan warkarwa.
Itace Quinch, CinchonaBayan doguwar tafiya mai wahala, jirgin ruwa mara matuki ya isa Spain. An kira shahararrun likitocin babban birnin da sauran biranen don haƙuri. Koyaya, sun gagara taimaka: asirin yin amfani da warin warkaswa wanda bai samu ba. Don haka, likitoci sun gwammace su yi maganin Cinghon tare da tsofaffi, amma, ala, babu wata hanya mara amfani, kamar ƙura irin ta Masar. Don haka Cinghon ta mutu sakamakon zazzabin cizon sauro, saboda rashin cin gajiyar magungunan da aka karɓa daga mazaunan.
Wadanda suka fara gano asirin bishiyar ta Peru su ne masu sihiri, wadanda suka fi yawa. Bayan sun yi maganin antimalarial foda daga bolar sihirin, basu yi jinkirin bayyana shi mai tsarki ba. Paparoma da kansa, ganin wannan a matsayin tushen babbar fa'idodi da ingantacciyar hanyar amfani da tasiri ga masu bi, ya albarkaci limaman cocin Katolika kuma ya basu damar fara hasashe tare da foda. Koyaya, likitocin basu fara amfani da sabon maganin ba da daɗewa ba: har yanzu basu san da tabbaci ba ko dai kayansa ko hanyar aikace-aikacen.
Cutar mummunan zazzabin cizon sauro ya bazu cikin Turai kuma a ƙarshe ya isa Ingila. Kodayake a wannan lokacin ƙwayoyin Jesuit sun riga sun kafa kansu a matsayin ingantacciyar hanyar da za a iya yaƙi da cutar zazzabin cizon sauro, amma babu wani Baturen Ingilishi wanda ya girmama kansa, ba shakka, da zai iya amfani da su. Wanene, a zahiri, zai yi yunƙurin ɗaukar ƙwayar Jesuit a cikin wani yanayi na ƙiyayya ga duniya ga duk abin da ke da alaƙa da kusancin papacy da aka ƙi a duk Ingila? Babban mutum a cikin juyin juya halin boregeois na Ingilishi, Cromwell, wanda ba shi da lafiya da zazzabin cizon sauro, ya ƙi yarda da shan maganin. Ya kamu da zazzabin cizon sauro a shekara 1658, bai samu damar ceton rai na ƙarshe ba.
Itace Quinch, CinchonaLokacin da cutar zazzabin cizon sauro ta rikide zuwa matsanancin bala'i a cikin ƙasashe da yawa, ƙiyayyar da jama'a suka yiwa Jesuits sun ƙaru sosai. A Ingila, alal misali, an fara zargin su da niyyar su guba duk marasa Katolika da foda, gami da sarki, wanda ya kamu da cutar zazzabin cizon sauro. Duk kokarin da likitocin kotun suka yi na rage alhininsa ya kasance a banza. Ba a yarda da ba da shawara ga dodannin Katolika na neman taimako ba.
Nan da nan wani abin mamaki ya faru. Har sai wani sananniyar mai warkarwa, wani Talbor, ya ɗauki nauyin warkar da sarki. Sakamakon yana da ban mamaki: a cikin makonni biyu kacal, sarki ya warke daga mummunan cutar ta hanyar shan wasu magunguna masu zafin gaske a cikin tablespoon bayan sa'o'i uku. Likita mai wayo ya ƙi gaya wa abin da ya ƙunsa da kuma asalin maganin warkarwa. Koyaya, sarki, mai farin ciki, da sauri ya ƙarfafa, bai nace kan wannan ba. An kubutar da shi daga mummunar rashin lafiya, ya yi godiya ga mai cetonsa da ya ba shi lakabi na Ubangiji da kuma Royal warke ta doka ta musamman. Bugu da kari, ya ba da izinin Talbor don kula da marasa lafiya a duk faɗin ƙasar.
Saboda hassada ga duk masarautar sarki, musamman likitocin kotun, ba su san iyaka ba. Basu iya jurewa da girman sunan sabon likitan ba. Dukkanin tsananin sha'awar a bi dasu ne kawai a Talbor. Har ma sarkin Faransa ya aiko masa da goron gayyata don zuwa Paris don kula da mutuminsa da sauran iyalin sarauta don zazzabin cizon sauro. Sakamakon magani ya yi nasara a wannan karon. Sabuwar warkarwa wata babbar nasara ce ga Talbor, wanda, duk da haka, ya taurare ya ci gaba da tona asirin sa. Sai kawai lokacin da Sarkin Faransa ya ba wa ɗan kasuwa mai hankali 3000 gwal na faranti, wani fensho na tsawon rai kuma ya yi alƙawarin ba zai tona asirin ba har sai mutuwar likitan, Talbor ya mika wuya. Ya zama cewa yana kula da marasa lafiyar sa banda Jesuit foda wanda aka narkar da giya. Ya ɓoye wannan gaskiyar daga sarkin Ingila, tunda yasan cewa yana haɗarin kansa.
Amma, a ƙarshe, lokaci ya yi da magani na banmamaki ya daina zama mallakin mutane. Ta tabbatar da kanta a matsayin kawai kayan aiki ingantacce a yaki da zazzabin cizon sauro. Dubun, daruruwan dubban Turawa sun kawar da mummunar cutar tare da taimakon warin kwantar da itacen bishiyar ta Peru, kuma ba wanda ke da wata ma'ana game da itaciyar. Hatta Mutanen Espanya ko da suka zauna a Kudancin Amurka kuma sun sami kuɗaɗe kan wadatar da kayayyakin Peruvian zuwa Turai ba su iya samun inda take ba.
Itace Quinch, CinchonaBaƙon Indiyanci, ya zuwa yanzu wannan matakin ya ɓace sosai ga masu nasara, amma sun mai da hankali sosai. Tarin "kin-kin" (haushi da duk wani boge) an aminta shi ne kawai ga amintattun mutanen sa (ta hanyar, sunan bishiyar quinine da alkaloid da aka ware daga haushi - quinine ya fito ne daga dangin dangi na Indiya). Tsoffin ativesan asalin sun koya wa matasa cewa zazzabin cizon sauro na taimakawa wajen fitar da bayi masu ta da hankali idan har suka kasa magance asirin itacen cinchona.
Tare da tona asirin kayan kwalliyar magunguna na bawo, sun sulhunta, kuma ban da wannan, ya juye ga kasuwancin cin riba. A hanyar, almara da yawa suna yin bayanin wannan ɓoye, amma ɗayansu yana maimaita shi sau da yawa fiye da wasu. Saurayi Peru ya fara soyayya da wani sojan Spain. Lokacin da ya kamu da zazzabin cizon sauro kuma yanayin sa ya zama mara bege, yarinyar ta yanke shawarar ceci rayuwarsa ta haushi. Don haka sojan ya gane, sannan ya tona asirin yan asalin don babban lada ga daya daga cikin mishaneri na Jesuit. Sun hanzarta cire sojan, kuma suka sanya asirin ya zama cinikinsu.
Na dogon lokaci, yunƙurin da Turawa suka yi don shiga cikin dazuzzuka gandun daji ba su ci nasara ba. A cikin 1778 kawai, ɗaya daga cikin mambobin balaguron tauraron Faransa, La Kondamina, shine farkon wanda ya ga itacen hindu a yankin Loksa. Ya aiko tare da wata dama taƙaitaccen bayanin shi da samfurin herbarium ga masanin kimiyyar Sweden Karl Linnaeus. Wannan ya zama tushen farkon binciken kimiyya da halayen Botanical na shuka. Linnaeus kuma ya kira shi Cichona.
Itace Quinch, CinchonaDon haka, ya dauki fiye da shekaru dari don a kwantar da kayayyakin kayayyakin jigilar kaya na Count Cinghon. Kamar dai a cikin izgili na mataimakin da ba shi da lafiya, an sanya sunansa ga bishiyar Peruvian mai ban al'ajabi.
La Kondamina sun yi nasarar kawo seedlingsan itace da yawa na itacen cinchona, amma sun mutu a kan hanyar zuwa Turai.
Youngan ƙaramin memba a cikin balaguron Faransa, masanin ilimin botanist Jussieu, ya yanke shawarar ci gaba da zama a Kudancin Amurka don yin nazari dalla-dalla. A cikin shekaru masu yawa na aikin zane, ya sami damar tabbatar da cewa bishiyar ta girma shi kadai akan dutsen mai tsauri, da wuya a isa ga tsaunukan Andes, yana tashi zuwa tsaunuka har zuwa tsawan mita 2500-3000 sama da matakin teku. Ya fara tabbatar da cewa akwai nau'ikan wannan itaciyar, musamman, fari, ja, rawaya, da kuma cichon launin toka.
Kimanin shekaru 17, da shawo kan matsaloli da yawa, Jussieu ya yi nazari game da gandun daji na Kudancin Amurka. Ya tattara bayanai masu mahimmanci game da kimiya game da itaciyar itace. Amma kafin ya bar gida, bawansa a wani wuri ya ɓace tare da duk kayan binciken. Daga cikin rawar da ya faru, Jussie ya shiga hauka kuma ya mutu jim kaɗan bayan ya dawo Faransa. Don haka wani yunƙurin warware asirin itacen Peruvian ya ƙare da baƙin ciki. Mafi mahimmancin kayan masarufin da masanin kimiyya ya tattara ba tare da ganowa ba.
Koyaya, wannan bai ƙare tatsuniyoyi masu ban tausayi da ke hade da bincika itacen cinchona ba. Mummunan makoma na Jussieu ya rabu a farkon karni na XIX ta hanyar wasu gungun matasa, masu kuzari na Mataimakin Shugaban New Granada (Kolumbia na zamani). Ta ba da gudummawa sosai ga ilimin kimiyya na tsiro mai ban mamaki: ta yi bincike dalla-dalla wurare da rarrabuwar ta, ta tattara cikakkun bayanai na Botanical, kuma suka samar da manyan taswira da zane. Amma sai yaƙin libeanci na mutanen Kolumbia ya fara yaƙi da bawan Spain. Matasa masu ilimin kimiyya ba su rabu da gwagwarmaya ba. A daya daga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe a cikin 1816, ƙungiyar duka, tare da shugabanta, mashahurin masanin faranti Francisco Jose de Calda, sojojin sarki suka kama shi kuma aka yanke musu hukuncin kisa. A banza, wadanda aka kamatan, cikin damuwa game da makomar aikinsu na kimiyanci, suka nemi wani lokaci don jinkirta aiwatar da hukuncin kisa a kalla shugabansu: suna fatan cewa zai iya sarrafa ƙoshin itacen da ke ƙare a bishiyar gurnani. Masu zartarwar ba su bi bukatunsu ba. Dukkanin masana kimiyya an kashe su, kuma an tura kayan aikinsu masu mahimmanci na kimiyya zuwa Madrid, inda daga nan suka ɓace ba tare da wata alama ba. Za'a iya yin hukunci da yanayin da kuma girman wannan aikin har ma da gaskiyar cewa an samar da rubutun multivolume tare da misalai 5190 da kuma taswira 711.
Itace Quinch, CinchonaDon haka, a biyan asara mai yawa, kuma a wasu lokatai sadaukarwa, an sami haƙƙin mallaki asirin wannan itaciyar, wanda ya ɓoye kuɓuta daga wata cuta mai saurin cutarwa. Ba abin mamaki ba ne haushi da itacen cinchona ya cancanci nauyi a zinare. Auna shi a kan mafi m kantin magani Sikeli, tare da tsananin kulawa, don haka kamar yadda ba su da bazata zube, ba ma rasa tsunkule. Sun sha maganin a manyan allurai. Yayin aikin, ya wajaba haɗiye kimanin gram 120 na foda ko shan gilashin da yawa na mai da hankali, hinna tincture. Irin wannan hanyar wani lokaci ba mai yiwuwa bane ga mai haƙuri.
Amma a cikin ƙasar da ke nesa da mahaifar itacen cinchona, a Rasha, ana iya yiwuwar magance cutar zazzabin cizon sauro tare da ƙananan allurai masu tasiri waɗanda basu da ƙazamin abubuwa masu lalacewa waɗanda ba'a buƙata a jiyya ba. Hatta a karkashin Peter I, sun fara kula da shi tare da maganin quinine a cikin kasarmu, kuma a cikin 1816, masanin kimiyyar Rasha F. I. Giza, a karo na farko a duniya, ya fitar da tushen warkewa daga haushi - alkaline quinine. An kuma gano cewa a cikin cortex, kirfa, ban da quinine, ya ƙunshi har zuwa wasu alkaloids 30. A yanzu marasa lafiya sun ɗauki gramsan grain na quinine a cikin ƙananan allurai na farin foda ko allunan da aka fis ɗin. Don aiwatar da haushi da kwarin kwalliyar bisa ga sabon girke-girke, an kirkiro masana'antar masana'antu.
A halin yanzu, girbin haushi a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi na Kudancin Amurka har yanzu ba abu bane mai sauki kuma mai haɗari. Kusan kowace shekara, sayayya ke raguwa, farashin quinine ya tashi kwata-kwata. Akwai buƙatar gaggawa don girma kirfa akan tsire-tsire, kamar yadda aka yi da hevea roba.
Amma yadda za a sami isasshen tsaba kirfa? Bayan haka, gwamnatocin Peru da Bolivia sun fara taimakawa kiyaye asirin Indiya, yanzu, duk da haka, daga dalilan kasuwanci, wanda, akan zafin mutuwa, ya haramta fitar da tsaba da matasa tsire-tsire a waje da ƙasashensu.
Itace Quinch, CinchonaA wannan lokacin, ya zama sananne cewa nau'ikan itatuwan Quinine daban-daban suna dauke da adadi mai yawa na quinine. Mafi mahimmanci sun zama Kalisai cinchona (ainihin hindu itace), wanda ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a Bolivia.
Na farko na Turawa sun hau zurfin zurfin gandun daji na wannan ƙasa a cikin 1840, ɗan botanist Faransa mai suna Weddel. Ya yi farin ciki lokacin da ya ga wata itaciya mai itace da babban akwati da kyawawan kayan kwalliya na itace. Ganyen suna da kore kore a gefe na sama da kuma shuɗi mai haske a baya, suna ƙyalƙyali, suna walƙiya, kamar dai ɗaruruwan ɗumbin kuliyoyin launuka masu launi suna fuka fuka-fukan su. Daga cikin kambi akwai kyawawan furanni, kyawawan launuka masu kama da launin lilac. Masanin kimiyyar jaruntaka ya yi nasarar kwashe 'ya'yan itacen cinnamon a asirce. Ya tura su zuwa ga lambunan Botanical na Turai. Koyaya, ana bukatar karin tsaba don ƙirƙirar filayen masana'antar wannan bishiyar. An yi ƙoƙari da yawa don wannan, amma duk sun ƙare cikin gazawa.
Manajan botanist ya sami nasarar cin nasara, amma hakan ya sa ya sha wahala wajen aiki. Kimanin shekaru 30 ya rayu a Kudancin Amurka, yana karatun itacen Quinine da niyyar fitar da tsaba zuwa Turai. Shekaru 16, masanin kimiyyar ya aike da kwamishina daya bayan daya don nemo bishiyoyi masu tamani da girbe tsaba, amma Indiyawa sun kashe duk manzanninsa.
A cikin 1845, Manajan ya sami sa'a ƙarshe: ƙaddara ta kawo shi tare da Inde Manuel Mameni, wanda ya zama babban mataimaki mai mahimmanci. Tun daga karami, Mameni ya san sararin wuraren da jinsin jinsin 20 na itacen quinine suke girma, yana iya bambance kowane nau'in daga nesa kuma ya ƙayyade yawan adadin kwayar a cikin haushi. Ba da takaici ga manajansa ba shi da iyaka, Indiyawan ba ta yarda da hakan ba. Shekaru da yawa sun ciyar da Mameni don girbin hatsi da tattara tsaba. A ƙarshe, ranar da ta zo, bayan da ta rufe tazarar kilomita 800, daga cikin maɓuɓɓugan duwatsu, maɗaukakan tsaunukan Andes da rafuffukan tuddai masu sauri, ya biya wa ubangijinsa abin kirki. Wannan shine tafiya ta ƙarshe da jarumi ya yi: lokacin da ya dawo ƙasarsu, aka kama shi aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa.
Itace Quinch, CinchonaAyyukan jaruntaka na Mameni ba a banza bane. 'Ya'yan da ya shuka ya tsiro a kan sabbin ƙasashe. Ba da daɗewa ba manyan tsire-tsire na itacen cinchona, wanda ake kira Cinchon Legeriana, sun kasance kore. Alas, wannan ba shine karo na farko ba a cikin tarihi lokacin da aka ɗora da fata ba ga wanda ya yi shi ba. Ba da daɗewa ba aka manta da Manuel Mameni, kuma itacen, wanda ya yi godiya a gare shi sababbin ƙasashe, ya ci gaba da bautar da bil'adama.
Dole ne a faɗi cewa shekaru da yawa zazzabin cizon sauro wani ɓoyayyen abu ne ga duniyar kimiyya. Likitocin sun riga sun ƙware da hanyoyin magance wannan cuta, sun fahimci gane alamun ta, kuma ba a san masu cutar ba. Har zuwa farkon karni namu, an dauki dalilin cutar a matsayin mummunan iska, a cikin Italiyanci '' malariaria '', daga inda sunan cutar ya fito, ta hanyar. Sai kawai lokacin da ainihin sanadin wakili na cutar ya zama sananne - zazzabin plasmodium, lokacin da aka kafa (a cikin 1891) ta masanin kimiyyar Rasha Farfesa D. L. Romanovsky cewa quinine, a ƙarshe an yi la'akari da asirin cutar da magani a bayyana.
A wannan lokacin, an yi nazarin ilmin halitta na bishiyar cinchona, al'adunta da hanyoyin girbin haushi, an yi nazarin kusan sababbin nau'ikan nau'ikan 40 da siffofin. Har zuwa kwanan nan, sama da kashi 90 na abubuwan rigakafin quinine na duniya an shuka su a Java. An tattara hakoran Chinos a wurin, a yankan geza su daga kututture da manyan rassan bishiyoyi. Wani lokaci ana sare bishiyoyi masu shekaru 6-8, kuma suna sake komawa tare da harbe daga sabbin tsutsotsi.
Bayan Juyin Juya Halin gurguzu na watan Oktoba, 'yan mulkin mallaka, kamar yadda aka sani, sun ayyana kangewa a kan Soviet Union. Daga cikin kayayyakin da shigo da su kasar mu ba a ba su izinin su ba a wadancan shekarun akwai quinine. Rashin magunguna ya haifar da yaduwar zazzabin cizon sauro. Masana kimiyyar Soviet sun fara neman hanyoyin shawo kan cutar. Aiki kan magudanan ruwa, share kogunan ruwa, da koguna tare da niyyar lalata lardin sauro da ke watsa cutar malaria ya zama tartsatsi. Sauran matakan rigakafin sun fara aiwatar da su ba da dadewa ba.
Haushi CinchonaChemists suna taurin kai suna neman magunguna na roba waɗanda zasu maye gurbin maganin ganye. Lokacin ƙirƙirar magungunan rigakafin cikin gida, masanan kimiyyar Soviet sun dogara da gano babban masanin kimiyyar Rashan A. A. Butlerov, wanda a ƙarni na ƙarshe ya tabbatar da kasancewar kwayar kwalliya ta quinoline.
A cikin 1925, an samo maganin antimalarial na farko, plasmoquinine a cikin ƙasarmu. Sannan plasmocide ya kera, wanda ya mallaki kayan masarufi musamman: mai haƙuri da aka yi maganin wannan magani ya daina zama mai haɗari ga wasu kuma ba zai iya sake yada musu kamuwa da cutar cizon sauro ba.
Bayan haka, masana kimiyyar mu sun kirkiro wani kwayar cuta mai taurin-kere - Akrikhin, wanda kusan ya ceci kasar gaba daya daga tsananin bukatar shigo da quinine mai tsada. Ba wai kawai ya ba da ƙima ga quinine ba, amma yana da wasu fa'idodi a kansa. Abun dogara ne don magance zazzabin cizon sauro ya hade - rabin-abin sha da magunguna masu tasiri akan cutar malaria gama gari - choroidrin da choricide.
An sha fama da zazzabin cizon sauro a ƙasarmu. Amma duk wannan ya faru daga baya. A farkon shekarun ikon Soviet, babban bege shine quinine na halitta, kuma masu botan na Soviet sun yanke shawara su daidaita cinnamon a cikin tunaninmu. Amma a ina kuma ta yaya ake samun tsaba? Yadda za a yi itacen cinnamon wanda masifar ruwa ta ci gaba a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin submropics ɗinmu masu tsauri ne a kansa? Yaya za a cimma nasarar hakan yana ba da quinine bayan shekarun da suka gabata lokacin da haushi ke wari, amma da sauri sosai?
Iya warware matsalar farkon ta rikice ta dalilin cewa kamfanoni waɗanda ke cin gajiyar quinine sun gabatar da dokar hana fitar fitar da sinadarin cinnamon. Bugu da kari, bayan duk, ba duk tsaba ake buƙata ba, amma samfuran da suka fi ƙarfin sanyi.
Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov masanin ilimin kimiyya ya ba da shawarar cewa wataƙila za a iya samun su a cikin Peru. Flair na kwararren masanin kimiyya ya ba da tabbacin wannan lokacin: a Peru ne ya sami abin da yake nema.
Itace Quinch, CinchonaAn dasa tsiron a kan babban gangaren na gandun daji na Kudancin Amurka. A irin wannan yanayin, Vavilov bai taɓa haɗuwa da itacen hindu ba. Kuma kodayake ya san cewa wannan nau'in ba ya bambanta ta hanyar babban sinadarin quinine (ya kasance cinchona mai fadi), imani da cewa wannan bishiyar ce da zata iya zama asalin magabacin kirfa a cikin zurfin tsironmu yana ƙaruwa a kowane sa'a.
Duk da haka ana neman izini daga hukumomin mulkin mallaka na yankin don bincika dasa bishiyoyin bishiyoyi a Peru, Nikolai Ivanovich fiye da sau ɗaya da aka ji daga jami’an cewa an haramta fitar da tsaba. Wataƙila da ya tafi tare da wannan tsiron ba tare da komai ba, idan da yamma a ranar haguwa da tashi, baƙon da zai bincika cikin ɗakin - tsohuwar Ba’indiye da ke aiki a kan shuka. Ya nemi afuwa kan wannan ziyarar da ba a bayyana ba, ya ce ya je ya isar wa malamin Soviet wani kyauta mai sauki daga ma'aikatan gandun dajin. Baya ga herbarium na tsire-tsire masu ban sha'awa, samfurori na haushi, itace, da furanni na itacen cinchona, ya ba Nikolai Ivanovich jaka tare da rubutun "itacen gurasa" cike da takarda mai kauri. Da ya lura da irin tambayar da masaniyar ta yi masa, baƙon ya ce: "Mun yi kuskure kaɗan cikin rubutun: ya kamata a karanta kamar itacen hindu. Amma wannan kuskuren ya kasance ga waɗanda ... don ladabi."
Tun da yanzu an gama buga shi a cikin Sukhumi, bayan ya buga kunshin da ake nema, masanin kimiyyar ya ga lafiyayyiya, mai cike da kifin kirfa. Bayanin da aka makala ya ce an tattara su ne daga bishiyar da ta jawo hankalin masanin Russia.
Jerin gwaje-gwaje na asali da akayi cikin nasara sunyi nasara cikin nasara cikin sauri. Daga nan sai suka yi amfani da ingantacciyar hanyar, ciyayi na yaduwar kirfa - korayen kore. Cikakkun nazarin sunadarai sun nuna cewa cinnamon ya ƙunshi quinine ba kawai a cikin haushi ba, har ma a cikin itace, har ma a cikin ganyayyaki.
Koyaya, bashi yiwuwa a tilasta itacen bishiyar cinchona yayi girma a cikin halittunmu: duk abinda yayi girma lokacin bazara da bazara gaba daya yayi sanyi. Babu rufe koren kwanduna, ko abinci na musamman na takin zamani, ko sanya shinge tare da ƙasa ko sanyin dusar ƙanƙara mai sanyi ya taimaka. Koda faduwar zazzabi zuwa +4, +5 digiri yana da mummunar tasiri akan cichon.
Kuma sannan N.I. Vavilov ya ba da shawarar juya itace mai taurin kai zuwa ga ciyawar ciyawa, don sa ta girma a lokacin bazara kawai. Yanzu kowace bazara a filayen Adzharia, layin itace mai laka a tsaye take zama kore. Lokacin da kaka ya zo, kananan tsire-tsire masu manyan ganye tare da manyan ganye sun kai kusan mita m. A ƙarshen kaka, tsire-tsire masu narkewa, suna mowed, kamar masara ko sunflower lokacin silage. Bayan haka, an aiko da sabbin ciyawa tare da ganyen kirfa don sarrafawa, kuma an samo sabon maganin anti-malaria, hinet, daga gare su, wanda ba shi da ƙima ga Kudancin Amurka ko quinine na Javanese.
Ta haka ne aka warware asirin ƙarshe na cinnamon.
Hanyoyi zuwa kayan:
- S. I. Ivchenko - Littafin game da bishiyoyi
