'Ya'yan itacen tsiro na fure mai suna eukomis (Eucomis) wakilin Asparagus ne. A cikin daji, ana iya samun irin wannan fure a Afirka ta Kudu. An fassara "Eukomis" daga Girkanci a matsayin "mai launin gashi mai kyan gani". Don haka wannan halittar ana kiranta Charles Louis Lerieri de Brutel, kuma wannan ya faru ne a cikin 1788. 'Yan lambu suna noma nau'ikan eukomis 4, kuma a cikin wannan gatan an haɗu da nau'ikan 14. Amfanin wannan tsiro shine cewa yana riƙe kyawawan kayan ado ko da bayan fure yayi tsawo.
Siffofin eukomis
Eukomis tsirrai ne na zamani. Kwararan fitila da suka kai 80 mm ko'ina suna da siffar m. Hakanan akwai farantin ganye na fure mai haske da yawa, siffarsu mai kama da bel ko kuma ban sha awa. Tsawon farfajiyar silinda yakai santimita ɗari. Abubuwan da ke haifar da launin tseren tsere a kansu, waɗanda suke a waje wanda yayi kama da abarba, sun kai tsawan kusan 0.3 m Furannin suna da siffar abin hawa, ana fentin su a cikin koren haske ko fari tare da shunayya mai launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi. Haɗin furanni ya ƙunshi 6 lobes perianth perianth fused zuwa gindin, da kuma wani 6 fused stamens da suka swinging anthers. A saman saman kibiya furen a saman furanni shine bunch, wanda ya hada da 10 zuwa 20 kore bracts, godiya garesu wannan tsiro yayi kama da abarba. Fruita isan itace kabari mai riɓi uku na siffar ɗakin kwana, a ciki akwai wasu ƙwararraki masu launin shuɗi ko launi mai duhu.
Itace eukomis na waje
Wani lokaci don shuka
Dasa kwararan fitila eukomis a cikin ƙasa bude yake yana gudana a cikin ƙasa mai tsafta, bayan an dawo da daskararren bazara a baya, a matsayin mai mulkin, wannan lokacin ya faɗi a ƙarshen kwanakin Mayu ko Yuni. Idan yankinku yana da kusancin sanyi da bazara mai tsawo, to a wannan yanayin ana bada shawara don fara haɓaka kwararan fitila a cikin akwati mai zurfi da aka haɗuwa da ƙasa, kuma za a watsa su zuwa shafin a ƙarshen kwanakin Maris ko a farkon kwanakin Afrilu. Lokacin dasa shuki kwan fitila don tilastawa, bai kamata a binne shi gaba ɗaya a cikin cakuda ƙasa ba, ɓangaren sama ya kamata ya tashi sama da saman farfajiya.
Dokokin saukarwa
Irin wannan al'ada ya kamata a girma a cikin yanki mai cike da hasken wuta wanda ke da kariya daga daftarin iska mai ƙarfi da iska. A kasar gona ya kamata sako-sako, haske, kazalika da-drained da kuma cikakken humus. Don haɓaka danshi na ƙasa, yakamata a haƙa yayin yin tsakuwa, yashi ko ƙyallen bulo.
Lokacin dasa shuki, kwararan fitila, gwargwadon girman, dole ne a binne shi a cikin ƙasa ta 25 mm mm, yayin da nisan da ke tsakanin bushes ɗin ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 15 cm, kuma nisa tsakanin layuka ya kamata daga mita 0.3 zuwa 0.4.
Kula da eukomis a cikin lambun
Yadda ake ruwa da ciyarwa
Ko da ta inda aka dasa shukar alkuki na eukomis (a cikin tukunya don shuka ko a ƙasa buɗe), da farko ya kamata a shayar dashi sosai. Amma bayan farkon girma irin wannan fure, zai buƙaci a shayar da shi bisa tsari da yalwa. Bayan an shayar da shuka ko ruwan sama, yana da matukar muhimmanci a sassauta farjin ƙasa kusa da daji, yayin da yake lalata duk ciyawa. Lokacin da shuka yayi kwari, yana da muhimmanci a hankali rage ruwa. Kuma bayan kurayen ganye sun zama rawaya, daji yana buƙatar a dakatar dashi ana shayar dashi baki ɗaya.
Don tsawan tsawo da ciyawar fure, ya kamata a ciyar da eukomis sau 2 a wata, ta amfani da takin zamani mai ma'adinin cikin tsarin ruwa. Amma ya kamata a lura cewa mafi ƙarancin nitrogen dole ne a cikin takin, irin wannan ɗin yana da illa sosai ga eukomis.
Yadda ake dasawa
Girma irin wannan fure a lambun ka abu ne mai sauqi. Koyaya, irin wannan shuka yana buƙatar dasawa akai-akai, wanda yakamata a gudanar dashi kowace shekara, ba tare da yin la’akari da inda ya girma ba: a cikin ƙasa buɗe ko cikin akwati. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa irin wannan al'ada ba ta bambanta a cikin tsananin juriya. Kwakwalwa na kaka a cikin kaka za a buƙaci a cire su daga ƙasa kuma wannan dole ne a yi kafin daskarewa. Sannan an adana su don ajiya a cikin ɗakin don hunturu, bayan haka ana sake dasa su a gonar a lokacin bazara.
Sake bugun eukomis
Wannan shuka ana iya yada shi ta hanyar tsiro (iri) da kuma hanyoyin tsirrai. Idan aka yada daji a hanyar ciyayi, to ya rike dukkan ire-iren halayen mahaifiyar. A lokacin kakar, ana samar da ƙarancin yara akan kwancen iyaye. Rabuwa da yara ana yin shi ne yayin da aka lura lokacin hutawa a cikin eukomis. Ya kamata a yafa wuraren da aka yanke ko kuma kurakuran da baƙin ƙarfe. Dukansu rabu da uwa kwararan fitila ana shuka su ne a cikin ƙasa bude a lokacin bazara ko a farkon makonni bazara.
Tsarin nau'in eukomis ne kawai za'a iya yada shi ta hanyar iri. Ana amfani da tsaba masu kyau don shuka. An sown a cikin kwalaye, ko tukwane cike da substrate. 'Ya'yan seedlings na farko yakamata su bayyana bayan makonni 4-6. Kula da irin wannan tsire-tsire ya zama iri ɗaya daidai da na seedlings na kowane al'adu. Farkon fure na bushes girma daga tsaba za'a iya gani ne kawai bayan shekaru 3 ko 4 bayan shuka.
Za'a iya yin yaduwar irin wannan fure tare da ganyen ganye. Don yin wannan, ya zama dole a kashe farantin ganye a daji kai tsaye a gindinsa, bayan wannan an raba takarda tare da abu mai kaifi zuwa sassa, tsawon abin da ya kamata ya bambanta daga 40 zuwa 60 mm, yayin da babba ko babba. Sannan an binne sassan tare da ƙananan sashi a cikin cakuda ƙasa wanda ya kunshi peat da yashi zuwa zurfin 25 mm. Sa'an nan kuma ganyen ganye ya buƙaci a rufe shi da m hula daga sama kuma a samar musu da zazzabi na kusan digiri 20. Sanya iska a cikin cut sau ɗaya kowace kwana 7, don wannan don ɗan lokaci cire tsari. Bayan watanni 2-2.5, ƙananan kwararan fitila ya kamata su haɗu tare da gefen sassan sassan faranti. Ya kamata a cire su a hankali kuma a dasa su a cikin wani wuri, inda dole ne su girma zuwa girman da ake buƙata.
Cin nasara
Bayan bushes yayi fure, suna buƙatar cire kiban furen, yayin da farantin ganye ya kamata ya kasance, saboda godiya garesu eukomis zai karɓi abubuwan gina jiki har faɗuwar. A cikin makonnin kaka na farko, ana lura da launin rawaya, walƙiya, da mutuwa na farantin ganye, yayin da lokacin kwan fitila yake farawa. Lokacin girma wannan amfanin gona a yankuna tare da injinan dimi mai ɗanɗano, inda zafin jiki na iska bai sauka a ƙasa da digiri ba, ba za a iya cire kwararan fitila daga ƙasa ba, idan kuna so, amma kafin lokacin sanyi ya shigo, sun rufe farfajiyar maƙarƙashiyar tare da juzu'in rassan tsiro ko ganye mai tashi. Koyaya, a cikin yankuna masu tsananin sanyi, dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa, ko lokacin hunturu wanda ba'a iya faɗi ba, ana ba da shawarar a cire kwararan fitila daga ƙasa a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Satumba, ragowar ƙasa an cire su daga ciki kuma a nutsar da su na ɗan lokaci a cikin maganin Maxim. Bayan sun bushe, dole ne a saka su a cikin jakunkuna ko yadudduka waɗanda aka adana su a cikin ɗaki mai sanyi da bushe tare da iska mai iska. Idan kwararan fitila 'yan ƙalilan ne, to, ana iya ajiye su don ajiya akan shiryayyen firiji, waɗanda aka tsara don kayan lambu, yayin da kuke buƙatar la'akari da cewa bai kamata a sanya apples a kusa da su ba. Idan ana so, eukomis za'a iya dasa shi cikin tukwane cike da ƙasa mai dacewa. An adana su a zazzabi a ɗakin, yayin da yake wajibi ne don shayar da ɗan ƙaramin ɗan ƙara kaɗan idan ya cancanta don kada ya bushe.
Cutar da kwari
Mafi sau da yawa, eukomis yana fama da matsalar rashin kwan fitila. Wannan na faruwa ne saboda turɓar ruwan da ke cikin ƙasa a lokacin girma, wannan kuma ana sauƙaƙe shi ta hanyar rashin ajiya lokacin da ake ciki. Bushes da aka shafa ko kwararan fitila suna buƙatar magani tare da mafita na shirye-shiryen fungicidal, alal misali: Topaz, Fundazole, motar asibiti ko wani wakili mai kama da aiki. Don halakar da naman gwari a mafi yawan lokuta, zai zama tilas a bi da bushes sau 2 ko sau 3 a kan ganye ko kuma wani irin abincin tsami kwararan fitila a cikin maganin samfurin da ke ɗauke da jan ƙarfe.
Mafi sau da yawa, da shuka sha wahala daga mealybug, aphids, gizo-gizo mites da fari white. Aphids na iya cutar da irin wannan amfanin gona lokacin da aka girma a cikin ƙasa a cikin gida da kuma a ɗaka. Duk sauran kwari masu cutarwa suna zazzage ne kawai akan tsiro bushes a gida. Don kashe kwari, ana amfani da maganin maganin kashe kwari, yayin da ake amfani da acaricides don kashe ticks. Insectoacaricides kamar Actara ko Actellica zasu taimaka kawar da duk wasu kwari masu cutarwa da aka lissafa a sama.
Iri da nau'ikan eukomis tare da hotuna da sunaye
Lambu suna noma typesan nau'ikan eukomis.
Eukomis punctata, ko rubabbun eukomis (Eucomis punctata = Eucomis comosa)
Wannan nau'in ya je Turai a cikin 1778. Tsawon daji ya bambanta daga 0.3 zuwa 0.6 m. Fika shimfiɗaɗɗun faranti na kwalliyar layin layi ko lanceolate na iya isa 0.6 m a tsayi kuma 7 santimita a fadi. A bangon ƙasa akwai tabo na launin ruwan kasa. Tsarin sako-sako marassa karfi game da furanni ya hada daga furanni furanni 40 zuwa 100, waxanda suke a kan gadajen tsayin santimita uku. Hannun Strikata suna da babbar sha'awa, an ƙirƙira shi a cikin 1790: farfajiya ta filastik ɗin ya shirya tare da madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya launuka masu launin ja-ruwan kasa. Haka kuma akwai nau'ikan launuka waɗanda launin furanni masu launin shuɗi ko ruwan hoda.
Eukomis bicolor (Eucomis bicolor), ko kuma eikomis bicolor
Wannan nau'in ya fito ne daga Afirka ta Kudu, ya bayyana a kan yankin Turai a cikin 1878. Peduncles ya kai tsawon kusan 50 cm, farjinsu ya libane da inuwo da shunayya. A cikin makonni na ƙarshe lokacin bazara, furanni masu launin shuɗi, yayin da amfanoninsu ke daɗaɗɗa ta yanki guda na shunayya. 'Ya'yan itãcen suna da launin ja mai duhu. Tubergen bred Alba, wanda furanni suke da launin fari mai launin kore-kore.
Kaka Eukomis (Eucomis autumnalis), ko eukomis otumnalis
Wannan nau'in ya bambanta da sauran ta cewa yana da tsayayyar juriya mai sanyi, sabili da haka, a cikin yankuna na Kudancin an bar shi a cikin bude ƙasa don hunturu. Tsawon farfajiyar ya bambanta daga 0.2 zuwa 0.3 m. Themomose inflorescence ya kunshi farin-cream ko farin furanni. Blooms daga baya fiye da sauran nau'in.
Baya ga ire-iren wadannan 'yan lambu da aka bayyana, suna da karancin noma kamar: Zambesian eukomis, Pole-Evans, ja-stemmed da wavy.
Eukomis a cikin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi
Eukomis ado ne mai ban sha'awa na kowane irin shingen lambu. Irin wannan furanni ana amfani dashi sosai azaman solo shuka, saboda yana da shinge mai ƙarfi, da kuma siffofi na fili. Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi don shuka hadin gwiwa, yayin da cikakkiyar abokan tarayya sune tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara, gerberas, da kuma perennials coniferous. Don haka, eukomis yayi kyau sosai tare da hehera da aka dasa akan bangon tsire-tsire na murfin ƙasa, alal misali, lobelia ko alissum. A cikin wani lambu mai dutse, irin wannan fure shima yayi kama da ban mamaki, faranti na takarda mai haske na iya jaddada girman duwatsun. Wannan al'adar furanni ana iya dasa ta ko'ina, kuma ko'ina zata yi kyau.
