Violet ko Saintpaulia shine asalin halittar ganye mai tsire-tsire na herbaceous na gidan Gesneriaceae. Kasarta ita ce duwatsun Gabashin Afirka na Tanzaniya, inda kullun yana da danshi da laima. Ga duniyar zamani, Baron Walter von Saint-Paul ne ya gano wannan shuka a ƙarshen karni na 19. Smallanana, kullun fure na senpolia, da sauri ya lashe zukatan masoya fure. Wadannan ƙananan tsire-tsire suna mamakin tare da kyawawan furanni, kuma sun sami damar yin ado da kowane ɗaki.
Girma violet a cikin wani gida mai sauki ne, har ma da novice shuka lover ne wanda ake iya shakkar aukuwarsa ka sadu da matsaloli lokacin barin. Yawancin masu girbin furanni suna da tarin tarin duka a gidajen su, tunda akwai nau'ikan iri da nau'in violet. Sharuɗɗan kiyaye kowane nau'in violet iri ɗaya ne, wanda ke sauƙaƙe tsarin haɓaka da ƙirƙirar launuka daga nau'ikan waɗannan kyawawan furanni.
Bayanin Shuka
Violet ko Saintpaulia shine asalin halittar ganye mai tsire-tsire na herbaceous na gidan Gesneriaceae. Kasarta ita ce duwatsun Gabashin Afirka na Tanzaniya, inda kullun yana da danshi da laima. Ga duniyar zamani, Baron Walter von Saint-Paul ne ya gano wannan shuka a ƙarshen karni na 19.
Wannan karamin tsire-tsire ne tare da kyawawan furanni masu launuka masu launuka masu yawa, tare da duhu mai duhu ko ganyen kore mai haske wanda aka tattara a cikin farkon Rosal. Furanni na violet launuka masu launuka masu yawa, mai laushi, terry da wavy tare da diamita na 2 zuwa 4 cm. Akwai nau'ikan halittu masu ban sha'awa, suna da tarko mai laushi da kuma daloli da yawa.
Shahararrun nau'ikan violet
A yau, an samar da nau'ikan matasan da yawa waɗanda suka kasu kashi biyu bisa ga tsari da launi na fure:
- na gargajiya
- tauraro mai siffa;
- zato;
- reshe;
- senpolia wani "chimera."
Mafi yawan nau'ikan violet suna da diamita na kanti daga 20 cm zuwa 40 cm, amma akwai manya-manyan nau'ikan har zuwa 60 cm da ƙananan har zuwa 6 cm a diamita.
Kula da violet a gida
Ka'idojin kulawa iri daya ne ga dukkan nau'ikan violet masu taushi da soyayya. Wannan yana sauƙaƙa kulawa da su, amma dole ne a lura da su ban da banda.
Wuri da Haske
Matsayi mafi mahimmanci don tsawon rai da yawan fure na violet shine haske mai yawa. Idan gidanka yana kan ƙananan benaye na gidan, kuma babu irin waɗannan wurare a ciki, to, zai fi kyau ka bar ra'ayin girma violet. Saboda girma da Bloom of senpolis ya dogara da hasken wuta.
Fuskokin kudu na gidan suna da kyau, amma idan shuka bai yi pritenit ba, zai karɓi ƙonewa daga haskoki na rana. Matsayi mafi nasara shine windows da gabas. Ko da mafi kyawu idan kun sanya su a cikin dafa abinci. Yanayin da ba zai dace ba zai ji daɗin waɗannan sissies ɗin, kuma za ku yi farin cikin dafa abinci a gaban su. A cikin hunturu, zai fi kyau cire violet daga windows mai sanyi a kan tebur kusa da su, ko sanya su a kan ƙaramin tsayawa domin tushen ba ya yin sanyi sosai.
Rashin hasken wutar lantarki zai haifar da gaskiyar cewa tsire-tsire zai shimfiɗa har zuwa haske, ganye zai zama maras kyau kuma yana kwance, ci gaba mai jituwa zai tarwatse. Don violet, yana da mahimmanci cewa hasken rana ya kasance har zuwa 14 hours. A kan girgije da ranakun hunturu, don samar da violet tare da hasken da ake buƙata, ya wajaba don shigar da ƙarin fitilu. Ya kamata hasken ya zama mai taushi da rarrabuwa. Saboda haka shuka ba ya girma mai gefe daya, violet dole ne a lokaci-lokaci tsunduma a kusa da axis. Wannan sahihiyar rawar za ta ba da damar bushes su yi girma da kwatanci.
Zazzabi
Mafi kyawun zazzabi don violet a cikin bazara da bazara zai kasance digiri 18-24. A cikin hunturu, zazzabi na iya sauke dan kadan zuwa digiri 10-15, amma ba ƙarami ba, in ba haka ba furen zai yi girma. Don haɓakar tsiro na al'ada da haɓaka, ana yarda da yaduwar yanayi tsakanin digiri 2-3 tsakanin yanayin rana da yanayin dare. Amma mutum ba zai iya bada izinin zazzabi mai kaifi ba.
Hakanan, violet din ba ya ɗaukar zane, saboda wannan fasalin, yana da kyau kar a fitar da fure akan baranda ko titi a lokacin bazara.
Jin zafi
Don samun nasarar girma violet, kana buƙatar ɗaukar yanayin zafi a cikin ɗakin da matukar muhimmanci. A gida, violet suna girma cikin yanayi mai zafi. Idan iskar da ke cikin gidan ta bushe sosai, to, zaku iya amfani da kwalliya tare da daskararren dutse ko yumɓun da aka faɗa. Ba a tukunya da kanta cikin ruwa. Wani babban zaɓi don sanyaya iska shine a sanya tsabtar gida a kusa da tsire-tsire.
Ganyen ganye na gargajiya bai dace da violet ba. Saukad da ƙasa sun tattara akan ganye, ruwa baya ƙafewa kuma ƙone naman zai iya shafawa.
Mafi na kowa sanadin violet mutuwa ne ba watering. Violet ba sa son bushewa ko rakewar ruwa. Zai fi kyau a shayar da tsirrai sau biyu a mako a lokacin dumi, kuma sau ɗaya a lokacin sanyi.
Watse
Ruwan violet kai tsaye daga famfo ba shi da daraja. Zai fi kyau ta tsaya a ɗakin fiye da kwana ɗaya, to, za ta zama zazzabi da ya dace, kuma dukkan ƙazamar lalacewa za ta zauna a ƙasan. Dole ne a yi amfani da hanyar gargajiya ta shayarwa "a ƙarƙashin tushe" sosai. Ruwa, fadowa a kan buds na girma, zai lalata fure.
Yana da kyau ka zaɓi ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin madarar ruwa:
- ta hanyar ruwan pallet;
- ban ruwa na ruwa;
- hanyar nutsewa;
- amfani da wick.
Violet, kamar dukkan tsire-tsire, suna son yin wanka, amma bayan hanyoyin ruwa dole ne su bushe sosai: bari ruwa ya malale kuma a sami magunan duka.
Zaɓin Wiwi
Ga kowane shuka, girman tukunya yana da mahimmanci. Tarikalla suna da matukar kima a cikin wannan al'amari. Idan tukunya ba girman da ya dace ba, to kuwa fure bazai iya yin daidai ba.
Duk violet din suna da ƙananan tushe, saboda haka basa buƙatar ƙasa mai yawa. Violet yakamata ya zama ya fi girma sau uku.
Ba shi yiwuwa a dasa ciyawa tare da harbe "a cikin girma" a cikin babban tukunya. Ba zai zama fure ba har sai tushen tsarin ya rusa ɗaukacin ƙarfin. A violet zai gina kore taro, da furanni za su jira na dogon lokaci.
Kasar gona
A yau zaku iya sayan sauƙi a cikin shagon tanadin kayan musamman don girma violet. Amma zaka iya amfani da tsohuwar hanyar da aka tabbatar: kasar gona lambun talakawa ce gauraye da karamin yashi, sannan a tarwatse kuma an gurɓata a zazzabi. Ana buƙatar sarrafa aiki mai zafi don kawar da larvae da spores fungal. Thirdaya bisa uku na tukunya shine magudanar ruwa, sauran an rufe shi da ƙasa.
Da takin mai magani da takin zamani
Ciyar da senpolia bukatun a cikin watanni bazara, a lõkacin da suka na rayayye girma da kuma samar da buds. Ragowar lokacin babu bukatar ciyar da su. Nitrogen da takin mai magani yana kara haɓakar ganye, potassium da phosphorus suna taimakawa furannin fure.
Juyawa
Zai fi kyau a aiwatar da aikin dasa fitsarin a cikin bazara. Ragowar lokacin bai dace ba don sakewa. A lokacin rani, zazzabi mai zafi, kuma a cikin hunturu - low, zai yi tasiri cikin rayuwar tsirar. A cikin kaka, lokacin girma ya ƙare, zai kasance da wahala wajan ɗaukar tushe cikin violet fiye da lokacin bazara.
Dalilai na sabunta kasar gona da tukunya:
- Siyan sabon shuka, tabbas yana buƙatar keɓewa da dasawa;
- Farar fata a ƙasa, wannan alama ce ta kamuwa da cuta ta fungal;
- Ragewar ƙasa, lokacin da babu riguna na sama da ke taimakawa, ciyawar tayi laushi, ganyen ya fara juyawa ya mutu;
- Canza wani ɗanyen itace da aka kafe.
A kowane hali, ana buƙatar sabon keɓaɓɓiyar dasawa da kuma aiki da tukunyar tukunya. Ana iya maye gurbin magudanar ruwa, ko kuma a cikin guda ɗaya kamar tukunya, ana bi da shi da ruwan zãfi.
Yaduwa da Violet
Yanke shine hanya mafi sauƙi kuma mafi sauri don yada violet. Za a iya dasa bishiyar kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa, ba tare da jiran Tushen ya bayyana ba. An binne matashin sabo tare da sabon yankewa a cikin karamin kofin tare da ƙasa mai laushi ko cakuda don senpolis a wani kusurwa na digiri 45. A cikin akwati ɗaya, zaku iya dasa ganye da yawa iri ɗaya. Sa'an nan kuma an sanya shuki a cikin greenhouse.
Don ganin yadda ake kafa rudun tushen tsarin a kan riƙe, zaku iya sa shi cikin ruwa. Takardar kada ta taso ruwa a ruwa ta taɓa bangon jirgin. Don kauce wa wannan, ana iya gyarawa zuwa farfajiya tare da takarda.
A kara tare da tushen sosai a dasa a cikin ƙasa. Yana da mahimmanci kada a lalata saurayi mai laushi. Yayi zurfin ciyawa tare da ganye shima bazai yiwu ba, to sabbin ganye zasuyi jinkiri sosai.
Cutar da kwari
Babban dalilan cutar da mutuwar violet sune:
- Kulawar da ba ta dace ba (iska mai laushi, kunar rana, sanyi, danshi mai yawa);
- Kamuwa da cuta da cututtukan fungal (launin toka, fusarium, mildew powdery);
- Kwayoyin cuta (aphids, ticks, thrips, nemotode).
Rashin kuskuren kulawa ya fi sauƙi a magance fiye da fungi da cututtuka. Suna buƙatar amfani da sinadarai (scor, foundationazole) da kuma maganin prophylactic tare da phytosporin. An gudanar da gwagwarmaya da kwari tare da taimakon Mospilan, Regent, Fitoverm. Tare da kowane yanayi, idan kun lura da yanayin ɓacin rai na shuka, kuna buƙatar magance dabam.
