Baya ga kwari, amfanin gona yawancin lokaci ana cutar da su. Ofaya daga cikin waɗannan cututtuka shine mildew powdery. A waje - da alama ba shi da lahani, amma, a zahiri, kamuwa da cuta mai saurin cutar fitsari. Powdery mildew shine watakila shine cutar cututtukan fata da ke faruwa wanda ke faruwa a zahiri duk al'adu: fure, kayan lambu, Berry, har ma da 'ya'yan itace. Powdery mildew cuta (Erysiphales) ne ya sa. Yawancin lokaci, wannan cututtukan fungal yana shafar amfanin gona na 'ya'yan itace mafi yawa ganye, amma kuma yana faruwa akan harbe, fure, har ma da' ya'yan itatuwa. Game da ita a cikin wannan labarin kuma za a tattauna.
Powdery mildew akan gooseberries.
Powdery mildew - menene?
A farkon farkon ci gaba, naman marsupial zai fara samar da mycelium, an haɗa shi ta hanyar kayan ciki (ganye, 'ya'yan itace, da sauransu) kuma yana ƙaddamar da ƙin jinin haila a jikinsa. A nan gaba, kamar yadda yake tasowa, powdery mildew a kan shafi ganye ruwan wukake (harbe da sauran) 'ya'yan itace amfanin gona fara inganta a wajen yawa conidial sporulation kuma siffofin ƙarshe cleistotia tare da jaka da jaka.
Abinda yafi kayatarwa shine cewa koda bayan mutuwar dabi'ar itace da ganye ('ya'yan itace), mildew powdery baya mutu, ana kiyaye shi sosai a cikin ƙasa, a tarkacewar shuka ko a ƙarƙashin tsohuwar ciyawar. Da isowar zafi, naman gwari yana zuwa rayuwa kuma, tare da taimakon conidia, shimfidawa sosai ta cikin tsire-tsire, suna cutar da su. Yawancin lokaci daga lokacin cutar milkew na kamuwa da cuta zuwa bayyanar akan farjin ganye na farar hutu da ke dauke da conidia, kwanaki hudu zuwa goma.
Adadin kamuwa da cuta ya dogara da yanayi, yanayin ƙasa da iskar iska, shekarun shuka da yanayinta gaba ɗaya. Jayayya kafin cikakken balaga yawanci ya haɓaka a cikin rabin ko biyu zuwa uku, mafi wuya - mafi tsayi. An lura cewa a cikin yanayi mai dumin yanayi tare da yalwar danshi a cikin ƙasa kuma mildew na iska mai haɓakawa yana haɓaka aiki sosai kuma amfanin gona ba su da tsayayya da shi a cikin waɗannan yanayi.
Powdery Mildew Sanadin
Powdery mildew shine kamuwa da cuta wanda iska ke sauƙaƙa. A zahiri, yana kasancewa a cikin iska zuwa digiri ɗaya ko wata kusan kullun, duk da haka, don kamuwa da cuta ya fada akan raunin ganye ('ya'yan itace, harba, da dai sauransu) don haɓaka akan sa, ya zama dole abubuwa da yawa su zo tare.
Don haka, alal misali, haɓakar powdery mafi yawan ci gaba a cikin ɗakunan zazzabi daga digiri +16 zuwa +27, idan gumi ya kasance a cikin kewayon 65-85%.
Powdery mildew yana bayyana akan albarkatun 'ya'yan itace da:
- akai-akai da kaifi canzawa a cikin zazzabi;
- mai ƙarfi anti-tsufa pruning 'ya'yan itace, wanda ya raunana da rigakafi;
- yawan wuce haddi na takin mai magani na nitrogen, yana karuwa da yawaitar taro a cikin kasar;
- busasshiyar tsire-tsire na cropsan cropsan doan itacen da ba su bada izinin kewaya yawancin airan iska da hana haɓakar ɗumamar yanayi daga ganyayyaki da ƙasa;
- take hakkin tsarin ban ruwa, lokacin da ake yin ƙasa sosai ko kuma akasin haka, ana shayar da shi da wuya.
Powdery mildew akan fruitsa fruitsan itacen apple.
Powdery Mildew bayyanar cututtuka
Yawancin lokaci powdery mildew yana bayyana akan amfanin gona na 'ya'yan itace a cikin bazara kuma a farkon lokacin bazara, wato, a farkon farkon lokacin zafi. Farkon ganye da aka shafa (harbe) akan amfanin gona na 'ya'yan itace ana iya ganowa a cikin lokaci na warewar toho. Powdery mildew, kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, ya bayyana kanta a mafi yawan lokuta a cikin albarkatu na 'ya'yan itace a kan ruwan ƙusoshin ganye, amma ana iya samun sau da yawa akan harbe.
A wasu shekaru, lokacin da barkewar cututtukan fungal ke da ƙarfi musamman, ana iya samo mildew mai ƙarfi akan inflorescences, kuma idan anyi bincike kusa, zaku iya ganin farin ciki, mai ɗorewa, wanda ke haifar da ingantaccen lalacewar inflorescences, bushewar su da ɓangare ko cikakkiyar lalacewa.
Har ila yau, wani farin gashi ya fara bayyanawa a jikin harbe, kuma tare da lokaci, lokacin da mai saurin canzawa ta mildew mildew ta haɗu, tana jujjuya launin toka-mai launin toka, mai duhu lokacin da naman kaza ya bayyana a kanta, wanda yayi kama da ɗigon baki.
Farar farin-launin toka shima yana fitowa akan ruwan ladin na ganye da na petioles, amma bayan lokaci bai yi duhu ba, kuma galibi yakan jujjuya ja. Haɓaka mildew na gari a kan ƙyallen ganye suna haifar da hana ci gaban su, juyawa, yawanci tare da jijiya ta tsakiya, bushewa da lalacewa da yawa fiye da yadda ake tsammani.
A farkon samuwar 'ya'yan itatuwa, mildew powdery na iya bayyana a kansu, a can ma za ku iya ganin farin ruɓaɓɓen fata, wanda, duk da haka, ya ɓace da sauri, yana barin abin ƙyalƙyali wanda ya yi kama da masana'anta sosai kamar ƙanƙara ko wasu tasirin injina akan' ya'yan itacen.
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a farkon ci gabanta, mildew powdery daga kowane gabobin shuka ana iya cire shi ba tare da wata alama ba tare da rakumi mai sauƙi ko wata hanyar, amma bayan fewan kwanaki kaɗan tabo ya sake bayyana a wuri guda kuma tuni suna da mafi girma masu girma dabam. Idan ba ku ɗauki wasu matakan ba, to mycelium ya zama denser fiye da lokaci kuma yana samun launin ruwan kasa. Amfanin gona na 'ya'yan itace da ke haifar da mildew na powdery, zuwa babba mai yawa, tsayawa a cikin ci gaba da ci gaba, ko waɗannan hanyoyin suna raguwa sosai, ƙwayoyin ganyayyaki sun bushe kuma suka faɗi da wuri, kumbura furanni da fure.
Powdery mildew yada
Powdery mildew yana yaduwa a cikin Rasha, a cikin makwabta mafi kusa, da kuma a cikin ƙasashen Baltic. Mealy girma yana da matukar aiki a Alma-Ata, Asiya ta Tsakiya, Kazakhstan, Transcaucasia, haka ma Armenia da Moldova. A can, darajar rashin nasarar amfanin gona na 'ya'yan itace da wannan masifa ta kai 90%. A cikin yankin Krasnodar Territory, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan da Transcarpathia, digiri na cinye albarkatun 'ya'yan itace ta hanyar mildew ba ya wuce kashi 60%; a cikin kasashen Baltic, yankin Volga da yankin Black Earth, matakin lalacewa ta hanyar mildew mildew ya kai 40%.
Powdery mildew akan innabi.
Powdery Mildew
Tare da rauni mai rauni na mildew powder, ana iya lura da cutar daga gare ta a zahiri, tare da ci gaba mai ƙarfi, cutarwa na iya zama muhimmi kuma abin lura. Kamar yadda muka nuna, powdery mildew yana cutar da dukkanin tsire-tsire. Itace wacce aka shafa wa mildew powder ta raunana, rigakafinta tayi rauni, rauni yake ci gaba kuma ana lura dashi, ko ci gaba baya dainawa. Kwayoyin ganye da ke kamuwa da su suna faduwa sosai kafin wani lokaci; furanni da abin ya shafa da kwayar kwayoyi suma suna faɗi.
Idan farar ƙasa ta shafawa powdery a farkon matakan haɓaka su, to fiyoyinsu zasu fara bushewa ko lalata. Ya danganta da matsayin ci gaban, yawan amfanin ƙasa na iya raguwa daga 10-15% zuwa 60%.
Baya ga alamu marasa kyau, mildew powdery shima yana da tasirin ganuwa akan tsire-tsire. Saboda haka, a cikin tsire-tsire masu shafi milyw powdery, hunturu hardiness an rage muhimmanci, tare da tukwici na matasa harbe da fure fure yawanci daskarewa fita.
Powdery mildew yana da haƙiƙa musamman a cikin gandun daji, inda tsire-tsire ke girma kusa da juna kuma cutar tana yaduwa a cikin tsire-tsire makwabta.
Matakan hanyoyin kariya da mildew na gari
Kamar yadda ka sani, kowace cuta tana da sauƙin sauƙaƙewa don warkar da ita fiye da warkewa, ƙwayar milkew ba togiya. Don rage hadarin powder mildew a cikin albarkatu na ,an itace, ya zama dole a bi tsarin makirci, kada a ƙaraɗa tsiro, a gudanar da ingantaccen ruwa - kawai kamar yadda ya cancanta, ba tare da matsanancin ciyawa ba.
Tsabtace tsabtace, sananne tare da thinning kambi da nufin hana ta thickening, kuma iya taimakawa hana bayyanar powdery mildew. Bugu da kari, kuna buƙatar kula da tsari a yankin kusa-tushe: cire datti da tarkacewar shuka, kwance ƙasa, cire ciyayi. Kada ku bari ciyayi su haɓaka kusa da albarkatun 'ya'yan itace, a wannan yanayin kuna buƙatar yanka su ko bi da ciyawar tare da tsire-tsire.
Don hana bayyanar mildew powdery, ya zama dole don aiwatar da maganin sunadarai na amfanin gona na 'ya'yan itace, zai iya zama fungicides, watau magunguna don rigakafi da sarrafa cututtukan fungal, kazalika da ƙarin shirye-shiryen yanayin ƙawancen da ke ɗauke da jan ƙarfe - jan karfe na tagulla, ruwa na Bordeaux, chloroxide na jan karfe. da makamantansu.
Dole ne a aiwatar da rigakafin rigakafin millen na powdery aƙalla sau uku a kakar, dole ne a fara su a farkon bazara kuma a kammala a ƙarshen kaka.
Suna taimaka haɓaka rigakafin amfanin gona da'san itace da'sarfafa juriya ga ƙwayar mildew da taki. Don haka, yana da kyau a ƙara gishiri gishiri da superphosphate (yawanci 15-20 g a kowace itaciya) a cikin ƙasa.
Powdery mildew akan dogwood ganye.
Ingancin matakan sarrafa mildew mai ƙarfi
Idan mildew powdery ya kai hari ga albarkatun gona, to, kada a jinkirta yaƙar ta, yakamata a fara da zaran an lura da yanayin rufin tsararru. Yana da mahimmanci a nan mu mai da hankali kan lokacin fitar 'ya'yan itace, idan ƙasa da makonni uku kafin ta, to ba za a yi amfani da magunguna ba, abubuwa masu cutarwa da ke ƙunshe cikin ƙwayoyin fungicides suma zasu iya tarawa a cikin' ya'yan itatuwa.
Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da amfanin gona na 'ya'yan itace da cutar mildew na gari lokacin da ya bayyana sau uku ko hudu a kowace kakar. Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, za a iya amfani da shirye-shiryen tagulla ko kuma ingantaccen ƙwayoyin cuta, misali, Topaz, don waɗannan dalilai. Yin jiyya tare da wannan magani ko wasu abubuwan da aka ba da izinin kashewa dole ne a fara su da zaran farkon abubuwan da ke faruwa na mildew foda wanda keɓaɓɓe ya bayyana a cikin, sau ɗaya sau ɗaya kowace kwanaki 7-11, har sai alamun cututtukan fungal suka ɓace gaba ɗaya.
Baya ga sinadaran da ke cutar da muhalli, akwai da yawa amintattu, amma saboda haka babu ƙarancin magunguna na mutane don sarrafa mildew powdery. Wadannan kudade suna da tasiri musamman idan tsire-tsire har yanzu ƙanana ne, wanda ke ba ka damar sarrafa ɗayan ciyayi a hankali yadda zai yiwu. Bugu da kari, ana iya amfani da magungunan gargajiya don sarrafa mildew powder ko da a lokacin da aka haramta amfani da fungicides don dalilai na aminci.
Wataƙila hanyar da aka fi amfani da ita don magance mildew powder shine mafita daga soda da sabulu. Don samun shi, kuna buƙatar narke 60 g na soda tebur na al'ada da 30 g na sabulu na ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin guga na ruwa a zazzabi a ɗakin. Bayan wannan, sakamakon da ake buƙata ya buƙaci a kula da shi sau uku tare da ƙananan milkew na amfanin gona mai mahimmanci tare da tazara na kwanaki 7-8.
Kyakkyawan bayani a cikin yaƙar mildew powdery shine maganin whey. Don samun shi, ya kamata ku narke da lita na whey a cikin guga na ruwa a zazzabi a ɗakin, bayan wannan ya motsa ƙarshen maganin da kyau kuma ku kula da tsire-tsire waɗanda keɓaɓɓun yanayi a cikin yanayin bushe sau huɗu tare da tazara na kwana uku.
Powdery mildew akan blackcurrant ganye.
Maganin kefir shima yana taimakawa wajen magance mildew powdery. Don samun wannan maganin, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar lita na yogurt ko yogurt ferment da narke a cikin guga na ruwa, bayan wannan sakamakon dole ne a bi da tsire-tsire sau uku tare da tazara na kwana huɗu.
Taimakawa don jimre wa mildew powdery, musamman akan ƙananan bishiyoyi, da ƙyanƙyallen filin filin. Kuna buƙatar ɗaukar 150 g na horsetail kuma zuba ruwa lita 1.5, bar shi daga tsawon sa'o'i 30, sannan tafasa a kan zafi kadan na mintina 15. Ya rage don ba da kwanson kwantar da hankali, shanye shi, tsarma shi sau biyar tare da ruwa kuma zaka iya aiwatar da har zuwa jiyya biyar tare da tazara tsakanin kwanaki 3-4. Yana da kyau a tuna cewa ana iya adanar wannan adon a cikin wuri mai sanyi ba tare da samun damar yin wuta ba fiye da kwana goma.
Tare da ɗan ƙarancin nasarar amfanin gona na 'ya'yan itace tare da mildew mai ƙarfi, maganin ƙwayar mustard yana taimaka masa da kyau. Don shirya shi, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar cokali biyu na mustard foda kuma narke a cikin guga na ruwa a zazzabi a ɗakin. Bayan haka zaku iya kula da tsirrai tare da wannan maganin har sai powdery mildew bace.
Maganin potassium mai narkewa shima zai taimaka ya lalata mildew powdery, idan babu yawancinsu akan tsire-tsire. Wajibi ne a ɗauki 6-7 g na ƙwayar maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar potassium ta yau da kullun da tsarma a guga na ruwa. Tare da wannan bayani, ban da harbe da kuma ƙwayoyin ganye, yana yiwuwa a aiwatar da 'ya'yan itaciyar da ta shafi mildew powdery.
Maganin ash shine mafi inganci akan tsire-tsire matasa tare da kamuwa da ƙarancin powdery mildew. Hakanan yana da kyau top foliar top miya tare da takin mai magani potash da abubuwa alama. Don shirya mafita, kuna buƙatar narke kamar 800 g na itace ash a guga na ruwa a zazzabi a ɗakin, sannan a bar shi daga kwana biyar. Bayan wannan lokaci, ƙara 30 g na sabulu na ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta zuwa maganin, ɗaukar mafita kuma ci gaba don bi da tsire-tsire da abin ya shafa.
Wani jiko, wanda yake aiki a matsayin kayan miya biyu na sama da kuma hanyar magance mildew powdery, shine jiko na mullein. Don samun shi, kuna buƙatar cika 1 kg na mullein tare da lita 10 na ruwa kuma ku bar shi daga kwana uku. Na gaba, ya kamata a tace jiko, a cikin diluted a cikin rabin kuma zaka iya kula da tsire-tsire da abin ya shafa tare da shi. Mafi inganci shine wannan jiko da powdery mildew kafin fure.
Powdery mildew akan honeysuckle ganye.
Albasa kwasfa, da jiko ma babban miya, da kuma hanyar magance mildew powdery. Don samun shi, ya zama dole a ɗauki 300 g na albasasshen albasa a zuba shi da lita 10 na ruwan zãfi. Bayan wannan, dole ne a rufe kwantena tare da murfi kuma bar shi ta tsawan awanni 48. Bayan wannan lokacin, dole ne a fitar da mafita kuma a yi amfani da su don magance mildew powdery. Irin waɗannan jiyya suna da tasiri musamman kafin da bayan fure kuma a cikin kaka, kafin ganye su faɗi.
Gabaɗaya, mildew powdery ɗin ba irin wannan cuta ce mai haɗari ba idan mutumin da yake da wani matakin ilimi game da wannan cutar yana kula da lambun. Abubuwan da aka bayar a cikin wannan labarin sun isa sosai don gano cutar da kashe ta, ko, ta amfani da matakan kariya, don hana bayyanar mildew mai ƙwaya akan albarkatun 'ya'yan itace.
