Turnip (Brassica rapa) shine kayan lambu na shekara-shekara ko na shekara-shekara na gaba ɗaya na dangin Kale, dangin Cruciferous, ta wata hanya dabam - Kabeji. Ana ɗaukarta shine wurin haifuwar ofan Asiya na Asiaarancin ,aramar, kuma an nuna ranar shigar al'adun al'adu a wurare da yawa sama da shekaru dubu huɗu da suka gabata. Turnip kayan lambu ne mai matukar mahimmanci dangane da abubuwan gina jiki da kuma bitamin. Ba shi da wahala a bunkasa shi, amma tsari yana da halaye na kansa. Za mu yi magana game da hanyoyin da za a yi girma turnips a cikin lambu a cikin wannan labarin.
Turnip tushen amfanin gona a cikin lambu.
Kadan daga tarihi
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa tuni a cikin tsohuwar Misira kuma babu ƙasa da tsohuwar Girka Girkawa kusan ita ce kawai abincin mafi ƙasƙanci na al'umma da bayi. Amma a cikin Mulkin Rome, turnips ba a dauke su da talauci, kowa a can ya ci turni, daga talakawa zuwa iyalai masu arziki, tare da jin daɗi.
A cikin Rasha, turnips din sun kuma ceci mutanen yankin, ya ceci su daga yunwar. Daga tushen kayan lambu, da alama, yana yiwuwa a dafa wani abu, amma talakawa steamed turnip an dauki mafi farko tasa, Saboda haka sanannen karin magana. Tare da zuwa ikon Peter I, turnips sun kasance masu himma, wani lokacin har ma da maye gurbinsu da dankali da girma ko'ina.
Malaman gida sun lura cewa mutanen da ke amfani da turbar alawa suna da wuya su kamu da rashin lafiya kuma su rayu fiye da waɗanda suke cin dankali. Nian tsibiri a rayuwar yau da kullun yana daɗewan lokaci kuma kawai a ƙarni na 18 ƙarshe ya mika wuya ga baƙi mai fitarwa daga Amurka.
Wani irin kayan lambu turnip?
A zahiri - wannan cikakke ne a cikin kayan lambu wanda aka manta da shi mai mahimmanci, wanda shine, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, har ma da ƙwayar magani mai mahimmanci. Kuna iya yin kowane kayan abinci daga turnips, alal misali, gasa a cikin tanda, tafasa, tururi, kaya da ƙari zuwa saladi iri-iri.
Turnip tushen kayan lambu ne mai kyau maganin antiseptik, wannan magani ne wanda ke dakatar da nau'ikan nau'ikan kumburi a cikin jikin mutum, turnip har ma yana da farfesa da rauni na warkarwa. Zai fi kyau cin abinci ko da ɗan abin dafawa ne gabanin cin abinci na gaba ɗaya, kamar yadda zaku ji daɗin ci nan da nan, kuma ku ci a karin kumallo, abincin rana ko abincin dare za a narke cikin sauri kuma zai fi dacewa da jikin.
Bayanin Halittu na Al'adu
Turnip shine tushen ciyayi mai kauri da furen jiki wanda ke samarwa a karkashin kasa, kuma mai matukar girma ne, dogayen ganye mai saurin girma sama da saman ta. Yawancin lokaci a cikin shekarar farko bayan shuka ko dasa bishiyoyi na turnip akan makircin, shi ne tushen amfanin gona, kazalika da 'yan fari na ganye; lokaci mai zuwa, tushen amfanin gona yana samar da kibiya tare da furanni, wanda a ƙarshe ya haifar da mai yiwuwa, mai shuka, kuma idan wannan iri ne, bawai F1 matasan ba, to ana iya sake shuka su.
Daban-daban na turnips, zamuyi magana game da wasunsu a ƙarshen labarin, sun kasu kashi biyu manyan - waɗannan sune tebur da iri iri, ko kuma turnips. A zahiri, a cikin kayanmu za mu mayar da hankali kan turnip tebur.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! Wataƙila, ba kowa ba ne ya san cewa mafi kusancin dangi na turni ɗin sune sanannun al'adun gargajiya kamar farin kabeji da kohlrabi, da Brussels da ja kabeji, farin kabeji, broccoli da Peking. Bugu da kari, dangi na turnips za'a iya rikodin shi har zuwa yanzu kuma a adadi mai yawa - radish da radish.
Hanyar seedling da seedling na girma turnips
Yadda za a dasa turnips a kan shafin - farkon girma seedlings ko shuka tsaba kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa? Bari mu fara magana game da hanyar seedling na girma, saboda yana ba ka damar samun farkon abin da za a yi amfani da shi na turnip.
Turnip Seedlings.
Girma turnips ta hanyar shuka
Tsarin iri da shuka
Yawancin lokaci, ana shuka tsaba don turnip seedlings a cikin kwalaye na katako ko kofuna waɗanda mutum game da kwanaki 30-50 kafin dasa shuki a kan dindindin wuri a cikin ƙasa. Kafin shuka iri da aka yi niyya don samar da seedling, raba waɗanda ba su yi daidai ba daga gare su, wanda ya isa ya nutsad da duk wadatattun samfuran turnip da aka yi niyya don shuka a cikin 5% ruwan gishiri.
Don shirya irin wannan mafita, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar gram biyar na gishirin gishiri da tsarma a cikin ɗari grams na ruwa na warmed zuwa ɗakin zazzabi. Dangane da haka, idan kuna da yawan tsaba, to lallai ne a ƙara yawan ruwa a gwargwadon yawan gishirin.
Bayan nutsar da iri na turnip a cikin gishirin, lallai ne a hade su sosai, sannan a bar su na rabin sa'a, yawanci a wannan lokacin dukkan tsararrun tsaba za su zauna, kuma mugayen za su iyo ruwa - ana iya jefa su lafiya.
Da zaran kun cire iri na turnip daga cikin gishirin, shafawa a ruwa mai gudana ku bushe su a kan bushe bushe, to, yana da kyau a shafan ƙwayoyin. Don yin wannan, sanya tsaba a cikin kowane jakar masana'anta kuma a nutsar da shi cikin ruwa, mai zafi zuwa digiri 50 sama da sifilin na mintina 15, sannan a tura shi zuwa ruwan sanyi na 'yan mintuna kaɗan.
Shi ke nan, ya rage a saka iri na turnip akan zane mai bushe, bari su kumbura kuma za ku iya shuka.
Da yake magana game da shuka: Allunan peat suna da kyau. Kafin yin shuka, kar a manta da rigar allunan don ƙasa ta kasance a ciki tana yin kumbura, sannan a sanya wata ƙwaya a cikin kowane kwamfutar hannu. Bayan haka zaku iya sanya allunan tare da tsaba a kan windowsill kuma ku rufe tare da fim har sai seedlings sun bayyana. Ya kamata isa haske, amma haskoki kai tsaye rana kada ta fada a kan m harbe na turnips. Da zarar harbe sun bayyana, dole ne a cire fim ɗin.
Girma turnip seedlings
Bayan fitowar seedlings, suna buƙatar samar da yanayi mai dacewa don ci gaba da haɓaka. Misali, yanayin zazzabi don ci gaban tururi shine + 6 ... + 12 ° C, don haka yana yiwuwa a yiwa masu alama a baranda ko tiren fili.
Da zaran cotyledons na turnip seedlings bude, a cikin kowane kwamfutar hannu kana bukatar ka bar daya daga cikin mafi ci gaba-sprouts, sauran za a iya yanka a hankali tare da almakashi a ainihin tushe.
Bugu da ƙari, yana da mahimmanci don saka idanu da danshi na ƙasa a cikin allunan peat, yana hana overmoistening dinsa, amma kuma baya barin shi ya bushe, kuma bayan kwanaki 4-5 bayan buɗe cotyledons, ana iya ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da nitroammophos, narke tablespoon shi a cikin guga na ruwa, kuma ƙara kara 10 a ƙarƙashin kowace shuka -15 g na bayani.
Game da sati biyu kafin dasa shuki turnip seedlings a cikin ƙasa, kuna buƙatar fara farawa zuwa yanayin mafi tsananin. A saboda wannan, ana aiwatar da harden, wanda ya ƙunshi sanya seedlings a cikin sararin samaniya na lambun, da farko na awa daya, sannan don rabin rana, sannan ga dukan ranar. Don haka a hankali, mataki-mataki, a ƙarshen ranar 15, zaku iya barin seedlings na tsawon yini a cikin iska.
Turnip tara
Ba mu kasance a farkon fara tattaunawa game da kwayoyin peat ba, waɗanda aka ba da cewa ɗanyen tsintsiya suna ɗaukar haƙuri sosai, kwayayen peat zasu zama hanya kawai, ana iya shuka su a cikin ƙasa tare da thea withoutan ba tare da lalata tataccen coma ba, to za a kawar da raunin tushen kuma ƙwayoyin za su kawar da sauri. sabon wuri.
A tsakiyar layi, yana yiwuwa a dasa shukar turnip seedlings tuni a tsakiyar watan Mayu, barin nisan dake tsakanin tsirrai daidai yake da 25-35 cm.
Turnip Tsaba.
Hanya mara tsayi na girma
Mun yi magana game da yadda ake samun shuka da shuka, amma zaku iya shuka iri kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa, bayan zaɓan su don saka shara a cikin kyallen da kyale su kumbura a kan zane mai bushe.
Waɗanda ke yin shuka turnips kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa sau da yawa suna fuskantar matsalar zaɓin ranakun dasa shuki madaidaiciya, saboda abubuwa da yawa sun dogara ne ba kawai kan yanayin yanayin yankinku ba, har ma da sifofin halaye na musamman.
Amma ga tsakiyar Rasha, a nan turnips za a iya amintaccen shuka a cikin ƙasa a ƙarshen Afrilu, a cikin mafi yankuna na arewacin - a farkon Mayu, har ma da sanyi - a farkon Yuni.
Mahimmanci! Canjin da kuka shuka daga marigayi Yuni zuwa tsakiyar watan Yuli na iya dacewa da abinci da kuma ajiya yayin hunturu. Da aka ba wannan, masu lambu "tare da gwaninta" don samun amfanin turni na farkon (kwanaki 20 kafin jadawalin), shuka iri a cikin hunturu.
An lura cewa turnip tsaba na iya fara shuka tuni a zazzabi na kimanin digiri biyu sama da sifilin, kuma ana lura da mafi saurin girma (a zahiri a cikin yan kwanaki biyu) idan zazzabi ya fi digiri 15 sama da sifilin.
A ina ake shuka ko dasa turnips?
Turnip shine tsire-tsire marasa fassara, amma mafi kyawun sakamako za'a iya cimma ta hanyar shuka shi akan ƙasa tare da tsaka-tsakin pH kuma a lokaci guda haske da clayey. Idan ƙasa ta acidic ce a yankin ku, to dole ne a yi liming. Don haka, a lokacin shuka shuka a lokacin bazara, kuna buƙatar ƙara 300 g lemun tsami a kowace murabba'in mita don tono ƙasa.
Mahimmanci! Turnips girma a cikin ƙasa acidic ba a ajiye.
A zahiri, kafin dasa shuki turnip seedlings ko kafin shuka iri, shafin dole ne a shirya sosai, warwatse a kan saman bulo na humus a kowace murabba'in mita, 250-300 g na itace ash da tablespoon na potassium sulfate da tono komai har zuwa cikakken bayonet shebur, ƙoƙarin Wannan yana kawar da duk ciyawar da ke cikin ƙasa, musamman rhizomes na alkama.
Game da wanda ya riga shi, tohon zai yi girma sosai a yankin da duk wani lemo, tumatir, dankali ko dankali ya girma kafin hakan. Wataƙila mafi ƙarancin ƙa'idodi don turnips sune: watercress, daikon, horseradish, kowane kabeji, radish, radish da turnip kanta, saboda duk waɗannan tsire-tsire, ban da cire kayan abinci iri ɗaya daga ƙasa, kuma tara kwari da cututtuka na kowa a cikin ƙasa.
Yadda za a dasa turnips a bude ƙasa?
Mun bayyana irin shuka da ake shuka, kuma ana shuka iri ne a cikin hanyar tef, yin kintinkiri mai layi biyu, barin 25-30 cm kowane tsakanin haƙarƙarin da tsakanin haƙarƙarin.A dabi'a, duka dasa shuki da iri iri da aka shuka yakamata a yi su a cikin ƙasa mai tazara da taushi, kuma lokacin shuka iri, mafi daidai bayan shuka, ƙasa tana buƙatar ƙara ɗan ƙara ƙarfi - ana iya yin wannan ta amfani da bayan rake.
Mahimmanci! Karku rufe murfin turnip mai zurfi sosai, ma'aunin santimita biyu shine iyaka, kuma kar ku cika su da ƙarfi, Layer wanda zaku juya tumatirin turnip ya kamata ya zama ɗaya kauri ɗaya kamar zurfin ramin.
Turnip dasa a cikin hunturu
Tun da mun ambaci takamaiman shuka iri na turnip, bazamu iya taimakawa ba amma magana game da shi dalla dalla. Don haka, suna ciyar da shi a tsakiyar Rasha yawanci a watan Oktoba, amma idan kaka tayi dumi, to yana yiwuwa a farkon Nuwamba. Tsaba yawanci suna jure yanayin hunturu sosai a ƙarƙashin murfin dusar ƙanƙara, kuma a cikin bazara suna girma da sauri da sauri.
Mahimmanci! Lokacin shuka a cikin hunturu, ana iya shuka iri na turnip santimita uku kuma yayyafa shi da kauri ɗaya a matsayin mai daushin ƙasa da ƙasa mai gina jiki.
Bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗi, tabbatar cewa jefa shi a kan gadaje tare da tsaba da aka shuka, saboda haka zaku iya maimaita shi sau biyu.
Flowing filin turnip.
Lambun turnip care
Mulching da kwance
Bayan fitowan tsararru na seedlings, za a iya yayyafa duk gado tare da sutturar suttura na itace ash cm 0,5 cm lokacin farin ciki, wannan zai kare al'adun daga hare-hare na gishirin gicciye. Idan kana son dasa wasu albarkatu kusa da turken, to babu wani zaɓi mafi kyau fiye da tsire-tsire na wake.
Bayan mulching gado tare da ash kuma dasa legumes, yana da yarda sosai don aiwatar da mulching na biyu, kawai wannan lokacin ya fi kyau a yi amfani da bambaro ko hay. Irin wannan ciyawa za ta ceci lokacinku - zai kuɓutar da kai daga faɗakarwa ta ƙasa da kawar da ɓoyayyen ƙasa, wanda turnip ɗin baya so.
Kada kuyi tunanin cewa ciyawa kawai zasu iya magance matsalar sakin layi da sarrafa sako - duka biyun za a yi su, kawai tare da ƙarancin ƙarfi.
Idan 'ya'yan itacen sun yi yawa sosai, to za a iya yin sikelin kuma a maimaita su, idan har yanzu tsirrai suna tsoma baki tare da juna, bayan kwanaki 10-12.
Watering turnips
Wataƙila, mutane da yawa sun san cewa turnips suna ba da amsa ga ruwa sosai, saboda haka bai kamata a jira lokacin ruwan sama ba, ana shayar da shi sosai kuma a kai a kai. Idan babu ruwan sama aƙalla tsawon mako guda, to za a iya yin shayar da safe da maraice, ƙoƙarin kula da ƙasa a cikin yanayin ɗan daɗaɗɗa, amma ba lallai ba ne don shayar da ƙasa sosai, juya ƙasa a cikin fadama.
Ya isa ya aiwatar da wasu ruwa biyu na sati daya da safe kuma daidai yake da yamma, zubar da guga na ruwa ko ruwa mai tsauri a ɗakin zafin jiki a kowace mitir murabba'in gadaje.
Lokaci mai mahimmanci lokacin da danshi yake da matukar muhimmanci shine lokacin fito na shuka, lokacin samuwar ganye na gaske, da kuma lokacin girman amfanin gona. Kimanin mako guda kafin girbi ya tono, yana da kyau a rage ruwa, idan kuma ya yi ruwan sama, koda ya kasance ƙarami ne, to zaku iya dakatar da sha kwata-kwata, saboda amfanin gona zai fara toshewa.
Turnip miya
Yawancin lokaci, ana ciyar da turnips ɗaya ko aƙalla sau biyu don duk lokacin girma. Farkon lokacin da suke amfani da nitroammophoska (wata daya bayan fitowar su), ana iya narkar da shi a cikin adadin kwalin kwandon ruwa da kuma amfani da wannan adadin a kowace mitir na murabba'in ƙasa.
Lokaci na biyu da suke ciyar da turnips a kusa da tsakiyar bazara, a wannan lokacin yana da kyau a yi amfani da takin mai magani, idan tushen amfanin gona ya inganta da kyau, zaku iya ƙara 250-300 g na katako na itace, yayyafa shi a saman kowane murabba'in murabba'i. mita na mãkirci (ya ƙunshi har zuwa 5% potassium), idan tushen amfanin gona yayi rauni, to 10 g na potassium sulfate ya kamata a diluted a guga na ruwa kuma wannan ya kamata a ciyar da kowane sq. mãkirci na mita tare da turnips.
Karin kwari da turnip cututtuka
Labarin yadda yakamata ya zama bai cika ba idan har bamu taɓa kwari da cututtuka na wannan tsiron ba. Kamar yadda kuka sani, sun zama ruwan dare gama gari, wanda shine dalilin kusancinsu da turnips ɗin da ba a so, kuma kamar magabata, waɗannan tsire-tsire ba su da amfani.
Amma game da kwari, sau da yawa turnips ana kai hari ta hanyar cruciferous fleas, bedbugs, kwari kabeji, motsi kabeji, aphids kabeji, scoops, fata (turnip da kabeji), weevils da crypto.
Cututtukan da ke damun turnips sune keel, phomosis, bacteriosis na bugun jini, mucous bacteriosis, da kuma launin toka da kafa na baki.
Leaf turnip fama da raunin magnesium.
Kwaro da Cututtuka
Kamar yadda kuka sani, kafin amfani da kwari, acaricides da fungicides, bin umarnin a kan kunshin, kuna buƙatar yin ƙoƙarin hana bayyanar kwari ko cututtuka. Don yin wannan, dole ne a sarrafa tsaba, kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama, don fitar da tsirarruwa na ɓoye don guje wa ɓarin damansu da ruwan sama ko kuma ban ruwa, wanda hakan ke haifar da barkewar ire-iren su, cire ciyayi - yan dako da kwari, cire dukkan tarkace na shuka daga shafin da tono shafin a kan cikakken bayoneti na shebur nan da nan bayan an girbe turnips, rufe da Layer, amma ba karya shi kafin hunturu.
A bu mai kyau a cire tsire-tsire masu rauni ko kwaro daga wurin, idan akwai guda daga cikinsu, kuma idan akwai da yawa daga cikinsu, to, Fundazol, Topsin da makamantansu shirye-shiryen dole ne a yi amfani da su.
Sau da yawa, matakan kula da jama'a suna taimakawa, alal misali, yin ɗimbin tumatir ko dankali. Don shirya shi, fi fi bukatar a tafasa na kimanin minti talatin, sannan zuriya da tsami sau uku. Kafin amfani, ƙara 40 grams na sabulu na wanki na yau da kullun a guga na mafita a cikin maganin da aka narkar da shi. Irin wannan “shiri” na iya fitar da siket, farin farashi, asu, kwari da sauran kwari masu cutarwa, kuma idan akwai kwari da yawa, to sai a yi amfani da “Actellik”, “Megafos” ko kwari masu kama.
Tsaftacewa da ajiya na turnips
Tun daga tarihi, Russia ta girbi turnips a ƙarshen Satumba - farkon Oktoba, saboda sun san cewa idan an girke girbin, tushen amfanin gona zai zama m kuma ɓangaren ɗanɗano zai ɓace.
Don tono tushen albarkatu, zaku iya amfani da farar filawa da tara rana don waɗannan dalilai ba tare da ruwan sama ba, sanyi da rana mai yawa.
Mahimmanci! Tushen amfanin gona da aka yi niyya don ajiya, yi ƙoƙarin kada ku yi rauni, in ba haka ba ba za a ajiye su ba.
Bayan an cire tushen amfanin gona daga ƙasa, ya zama dole a cire fiɗa ta hanyar yankan shi, barin matsanancin santimita biyu kuma cire dukkan tushen hancin. Na gaba, a hankali, tare da zane, yi ƙoƙarin tsabtace tushen amfanin gona daga ƙasa, bushe shi (amma kawai a cikin inuwa!) Kuma tsara shi cikin rukuni gwargwadon girman amfanin gonar.
Za'a iya adana amfanin gona tushen kai tsaye akan wurin har tsawon sati guda, a rufe su da huhun ko ciyawa mai kauri 12-15 cm lokacin farin ciki, sannan a sanya shi cikin cellar ko cellar, inda ake buƙatar kula da zazzabi na digiri na 2-3 sama da sifili ko kuma kaɗan.
Turnip an adana shi a cikin akwatuna, an yayyafa shi da bushe yashi ko crumbs, yana da muhimmanci a tabbata cewa tushen amfanin gona bai taɓa juna ba kuma zai fi dacewa kada ku sa matsi da yawa. Don haka tushen kayan lambu na iya yin kwanciya tsawon watanni ba tare da ɓaci ba.
Idan babu isasshen turnip, to, zaku iya ajiye shi a cikin firiji na gida na yau da kullun, ya isa ya kunsa shi a cikin fim ɗin polyethylene ko cling. A cikin fim - a baranda ko a cikin firiji, turnips na iya yin kwance har tsawon wata guda.
A cikin dakin, turnip na iya yin bacci bai wuce mako biyu ba, alamar da ke nuna cewa turni ɗin ya fara lalacewa zai zama jikinta mai daci.
Don adanawa na dogon lokaci, ya kamata a zaɓi kayan amfanin gona, diamita wanda ya fi santimita biyar.
Tushen amfanin gona na turnip.
Iri iri na turnips
Kamar yadda aka alkawarta, yanzu zamuyi magana game da nau'in turnips. A cikin Rajistar Jiha a halin yanzu akwai nau'in turnips daidai 30, ana raba su da balaga zuwa farkon (kwanakin 45-55), matsakaici (65-85 kwanakin) da ƙarshen (fiye da 90 kwanakin).
Mafi kwanan nan, amma tuni ya zama sanannun iri: "Venus" (2017), "Kasuwanci" (2017), "Palette" (2017) da "Pelageya" (2017). Bari muyi magana game da su daki-daki.
Turnip "Venus" - ya bambanta a tsakiyar kaka, iri yana shirye don girbi kwanaki 60 bayan fitowan, yana da amfanin gona mai laushi mai launi tare da launi mai launin ja-violet, mai nauyin kimanin 200. Dandano yana da kyau, yawan amfanin ƙasa a kowace murabba'in mita wani lokacin ma fiye da kilo huɗu.
Turnip "'yar kasuwa" - lokacin tumatir ya matsakaici da wuri (55 days), tushen amfanin gona yana da siffar lebur, launi ja-violet, ya kai yawan 235 g, yana da dandano mai kyau kuma yana bada yawan amfanin gona na kilogram 9.8 a kowace murabba'in mita.
Turnip "Palette" - tsakiyar lokacin yin lokacin da yake cikawa (kwanaki 60), tushen amfanin gona yana da siffar lebur, launi mai launi-ruwan gwal, nauyin kusan 300 g da yawan amfanin gona daga murabba'in murabba'i zuwa 4.8 kg.
Turnip "Pelagia" - Ya bambanta ta tsakiyar-ripening (70 days), wani lebur-zagaye irin tushen amfanin gona, da launin rawaya, yin la'akari 210 g da mai kyau dandano, kazalika da samar da har zuwa 1.6 kilogiram na murabba'in mita.
Wannan shine duk abin da muke so muyi bayani game da turnips, idan kuna da tambayoyi ko kuna son raba kwarewar ku ta bunkasa wannan kayan lambu, to ku rubuta a cikin bayanan, muna tsammanin kowa zaiyi sha'awar.
