Lambun fure (Leucojum) wakilin dangin Amaryllis ne. Wannan kwayoyin sun hada da kusan nau'ikan 10. A dabi'a, ana samun irin wannan tsire-tsire a cikin Turkiyya, Turai ta Tsakiya, Rum, Iran da Arewacin Afirka. Sunan wannan halittar a cikin Hellenanci tana nufin "farin violet." Akwai wata tatsuniya mai alaƙa da asalin wannan fure. Da zarar wani allahn ya faɗi ƙauna tare da ƙauyen ƙauye, amma sai ta yi ta ƙi yarda da ƙawance da shi. Koyaya, ya yi ciki, ta hanyar wayo, don kusantar da ita ga gajimare kuma ya sami biyan kuɗi ta kowace hanya. Allah ya ba da gaskiya cewa ƙaunataccen, ganin duk duniya a ƙafafunta, tabbas zai so ya zauna tare da shi. Da daddare, ya yi sata ya ɓoye wata saniya da ta kasance wannan yarinyar. Bayan ya zo wurinta da safe, sai ya ba da taimako. Allah ya ɗora ƙaunatacciyar gajimare, domin daga can ta hanzarta samo saniyarta. Kyawun yarinyar ya buge ta da kyau. Ita, tana tunanin kanta bautar allah, ta ɗauki kwandonan da Allah yake buƙata ta sarrafa yanayi, ta fara girgiza abin da ke cikinsu. Don haka, hazo ya faɗi daga kwandon farko, ruwan sama na rani ya faɗi daga na gaba. A na ukun akwai dusar ƙanƙara kuma,, dariya, yarinyar ta girgiza shi har ƙasa. Lokacin hunturu ya riga ya wuce, sabili da haka Allah ya yi fushi da yarinyar! Allah ya yi shi ya sa ƙasa ta bushe, dusar ƙanƙara ta zama furen furanni - kyawawan fararen furanni. Kuma yarinyar nan mara kunya Allah ya sake dawowa, inda ta ci gaba da kiwon shanu. Tun daga lokacin, a ƙarshen Mayu, an saukar da furanni masu launin dusar ƙanƙan fari. 'Yan lambu suna yin tsiro 2 kawai na wannan shuka.
Siffofin lambun fure
Lambun fure yana da kwararan fitila, wanda ya kunshi farin rufe yanar gizo, da kuma matattakalar lokacin farin ciki. Tushen ya mutu tsawon lokaci tare da wannan ɓangaren ƙasa daga abin da suka tsiro. Sheet faranti layi da kuma bel-dimbin yawa. A cikin nau'in bazara, samuwar su tana faruwa a lokaci guda tare da furanni, yayin da suke cikin nau'in kaka, suna girma bayan shuka tsintsiyar. A kowace shekara, ana kafa filayen flakes 2 ko 3 a cikin lambun furen, a baya wanda an sanya faranti 2 ko 3 tare da rufaffiyar tushe kuma ɗayan wanda ke buɗe yana dage farawa. Daga sinus ne irin wannan farantin ganye wanda kibiyar fure ke tsirowa, yayin da a gindin ganye, ana lura da samuwar sabon toho. An madaidaicen dan kadan flauned peduncle za a iya zagaye ko ninki biyu, a lokacin ripening 'ya'yan itacen, shi wilts. The kibiya ƙare da webbed reshe na kore launi, drooping ruwan hoda ko fari furanni a kan pedicels girma daga sinus. Furannin furanni na iya zama na ɗaya ko kuma zama ɓangaren ɗorawar inflorescences na laima. Abun da ke tattare da babban murfin yana dauke da ganyayyaki 6, a saman wanda akwai tabo mai launi ko launin shuɗi. 'Ya'yan itacen akwati ne mai fleshy, a ciki akwai wasu launuka masu launin shuɗɗun shuɗewa ko kuma siffa mai zagaye.
Dasa gonar furanni a buɗe
Wani lokaci don shuka
Masana sun ba da shawarar dasa kwararan fitila na lambun fure a lokacin hailarsu, kuma wannan lokacin ya fadi ne a watan Yuli-Satumba. Idan yanayin ya yi dumi na dogon lokaci a cikin kaka, to wannan za a iya dasa wannan tsiron a cikin ƙasa buɗe har zuwa kwanakin farko na Nuwamba. Ya kamata a sayi kayan dasa tare da kulawa ta musamman. Kwararan fitila su zama masu nauyi kuma masu yawa, haka kuma an lullube su da daskararru. Hakanan, yakamata su sami guntun Tushen, kuma har yanzu babu kwari. Kwan fitila mai dogon girma ko kuma tare da harbe ya kamata a dasa a buɗe ƙasa da wuri-wuri. Hakanan an ba da shawarar cewa kwararan fitila da aka samo sun lalace gaba ɗaya, ba tare da lalacewa na inji ba. Musamman ma ya kamata su kasance a ɓoye, kuma suna bincika kayan dasa don m. Kada ku sayi karyayyen fitila mai fashewa, ko kuma waɗanda ke da kariyar kariyar da ta fashe ko ƙasa mai rauni. Idan har aka yi saurin dasa albasa da aka samo a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, to ya kamata a adana su a cikin jakar filastik mai ɓoye, a cikin abin da ya kamata a zuba kwakwalwan bishiyoyi ko ɗanɗano.
Siffofin ƙasa
Don dasawa, ana bada shawara don zaɓar wurin da aka rufe, wanda yake kusa da tsirrai da tafkunan. Ilasa yakamata ya zama mai laushi da-zana mai kyau, har ma da humus. Kafin shiga, ya zama dole don tono ƙasa a shafin, yayin da ake yin yashi mai laushi ko tsakuwa a ciki. Idan kasar gona mara kyau, to, shi ma yana kawo farar ƙasa, yashi da ciyawar taki (bai kamata ta zama sabo). Tun da wannan al'ada ta fure ba ta da shawarar yin girma a kan ƙasa mai acidic, sabili da haka an ba da shawarar don ƙara ɗan adadin lemun tsami da peat rotted da shi. Shuka wannan shuka yakamata ayi daidai da tsarin sauran amfanin gona. Ka tuna cewa bayan dasa shuki, kauri daga kasan kasan da ke saman kwan fitila yakamata yayi daidai da diamita biyu na fitilun. Koyaya, ya kamata a lura cewa kauri wannan Layer bazai zama mai bakin ciki sama da mm 50 ba. Idan an dasa fitila sosai sosai, to sannu a hankali ya zama yana ƙaruwa. Kuma tare da rashin isasshen zurfin ƙasa, ana lura da fashewar kwararan fitila, amma a lokaci guda akwai haɓakar ɗimbin yara. Dasa kwararan fitila bukatar kyakkyawan ruwa.
Kula da lambun fure a gonar
Don kula da furen fure ya kamata daidai yake da na amfanin gona mai zuwa: hyacinth, muscari ko blueberries. Wannan shuka dole ne a shayar da shi a kan kari, weeding, loosening farfajiya na kasar gona, kazalika da ciyar.
Yadda ake ruwa da ciyarwa
A farkon makonnin bazara, ba a buƙatar ban ruwa ba. Gaskiyar ita ce bayan narke murfin dusar ƙanƙara a cikin ƙasa na dogon lokaci, ana riƙe danshi. Idan a cikin hunturu akwai dusar ƙanƙara sosai, kuma maɓallin ya juya ya bushe da ɗumi, to irin waɗannan furannin zasu buƙaci a shayar dasu akai-akai, yayin da yakamata a ɗebo ruwa kuma bai kamata yayi sanyi ba, yayin ƙoƙarin ware saukad da faduwa akan furanni. Idan babu ruwa, shuka ba zai mutu ba, amma zai zama tsaruwa.
Farin furen fure yana ciyar da hadaddun ma'adinai mai ruwa, wanda yakamata a sami ɗan ƙaramin adadin nitrogen. Gaskiyar ita ce, nitrogen yana taimakawa wajen haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayoyin ganye, amma wannan mummunar tasiri ga fure. Lush ganye a cikin ruwan sama mai sanyi yana iya haifar da cututtukan fungal a daji. Phosphorus kuma yana ƙarfafa fure mai fure, kuma godiya ga potassium, ana kafa kwararan fitila masu lafiya waɗanda zasu iya yin hunturu da kyau.
Dasawa da haifuwa daga cikin kan sarki
Juyawa ko yada wannan fure ta hanyar rarraba ciyawar zama dole ne kawai lokacin da aka huta, watau, daga watan Yuni zuwa Satumba ko Oktoba. An bada shawara don sake dasa bushes sau ɗaya kowace shekara 5-7, in ba haka ba kwararan fitila da suka yi girma ba za su sami isasshen abinci mai gina jiki ba, kuma furen fararen fure zai fara rauni.
Ya kamata a raba ciyayi na gida Kwararan fitila don bushewa ana dage farawa a cikin wani wuri mai rufewa, sannan ana tsabtace su da daɗewa, kazalika da tushen cututtukan, mara kyau da sikeli da suka ji rauni. Duk lalacewar injin da yakamata ya kamata a yayyafa shi da toka ko yumbu mai foda, kwararan fitila da cutar ta shafa, kuma bai dace da dasa ba. Bayan haka, 'ya'yan an shuka su ne a yankin da aka shirya a gaba, an tsara tsarin dasa abubuwa dalla-dalla a sama.
Hakanan, yaduwar lambun fure ana yin shi ta hanyar iri. Ya kamata a shuka tsaba a hankali bayan an gama girbi ko kuma a farkon kaka. Gaskiyar ita ce, su kamar 'ya'yan Corydalis, suna iya kasancewa na ɗan lokaci kaɗan. A lokacin hunturu, tsaba na iya shaƙatar yanayin halitta, wanda ke da sakamako mai kyau ga ci gaba da haɓaka seedlings. Ana shuka tsaba a cikin kwalaye, yayin da dole ne a rufe saman cakuda ƙasa tare da fim na musamman wanda ke kare gaba da haɓaka ciyawar ciyawa. Bugu da ari, kawai dole ne a lura cewa bushewar cakuda ƙasa baya faruwa. Shuke-shuke da aka shuka daga tsaba zasu fara yin fure ne kawai na tsawon shekaru 7 ko 8. Yaduwar irin wannan al'adar kuma zata iya faruwa ta yuwuwar kai-kanka, yayin da mai gona yake da ikon sarrafa wannan tsari. Don yin wannan, tsire-tsire waɗanda suka bayyana a wuraren da ba dole ba dole ne a tsage su, kuma waɗanda suke girma a cikin yankin da aka tsara suna buƙatar kulawa mai kyau.
Cin nasara
Lambun fure yana da tsayayya sosai ga sanyi, don haka ba lallai sai an rufe shi ba don hunturu. A cikin abin da masu hasashen yanayi ke faɗi game da yanayin sanyi da ƙanƙancin lokacin sanyi, ana bada shawara don rufe yankin tare da furen fure tare da lapnik.
Karin kwari da cututtuka na gonar fure
Lambun fure yana da tsayayya wa cututtuka da kwari, amma har yanzu wasu lokuta yana iya fara samun matsaloli. Haka kuma, cututtukan da ke cikin wannan al'ada kusan iri ɗaya ne kamar na dusar ƙanƙara, wanda kuma ɗan itace ne.
Saboda haka, bulbous nematodes, slugs, scoops, da caterpillars, na iya cutar da shuka. Kuma rodents kamar mice da moles zasu iya yin lahani. A cikin bazara, zaku iya tattara lokacin farin ciki na siket ɗin ɗakin hannu da hannu, a wannan lokacin suna da shiri don karatun. Idan ana so, ana iya amfani da shirin kashe kwari don kashe su.
Nematode karamin tsutsotsi ne, wanda a dalilin sa yake haifar da ciwan ƙwaya mai haske akan faranti. A yayin da akwai wasu nematodes a daji, to yakamata a haƙa shi kuma a ƙone shi. Sauran tsire-tsire masu ƙoshin lafiya dole ne a watsa su, yayin da kafin dasa shuki da kwararan fitila suna buƙatar nutsar da sa'o'i da yawa a cikin ruwa mai ɗumi sosai (daga digiri 40 zuwa 45). Don dasa su, ya kamata ka zaɓi rukunin da ke wurin. Shuka kayan amfanin gona a wuraren da lalatattun wurare ba za su iya yin shekaru 4 ko 5 ba.
Maɗaukakin ƙasa ya fi son zama a cikin ƙasa mai ƙoshin ƙasa ko cikin ƙasa mai nauyi. Yayin dasa shuki, kwan fitila a cikin rami dole ne a zagaye shi da yashi mai kauri, wannan zai kawar da wannan kwaro.
Tare da sanduna, abubuwa sun fi rikitarwa, ba za su iya cutar da kwararan fitila kawai da haƙoransu ba, har ma suna jan su cikin firam ɗin su. Bulbsan fitilar Rotten na iya haɓakawa a kan kwararan fitila mai haske, duk da haka, yana yiwuwa a fahimci cewa shuka ba ta da lafiya, kawai ta bayyanar da gani. Irin wannan ciyayi ya kamata a haƙa, dukkanin wuraren da aka lalatar an yanke su daga kwararan fitila, bayan haka an bi da raunuka tare da tokar itace kuma an bar su awanni da yawa a cikin sabon iska don bushewa. Bayan wannan, ana iya sake dasa kwararan fitila a cikin ƙasa. Mice fi son su shirya a cikin Aljihuna na perennials ko a cikin turfs tare da ciyawa, don haka ya kamata a sami akalla 300 cm daga plantings na fararen furanni (a matsayin mai mulkin, berayen ba su motsa daga nesa daga matsugunin su). Hakanan ana ba da shawarar sanya ƙuraje mai guba a kan yankin.
Babban haɗarin dukkanin cututtuka ga wannan al'ada shine hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri, tunda yau ba amenable zuwa magani. Lokacin da aka kirkiri alamunan launin shuɗi ko launin rawaya da yawancin tubercles a kan ganye, kamar yadda murguɗewar farantin ganye, nan da nan sai aka haɗu daga kurmi kuma a rusa shi don guje wa yaduwar kamuwa da cuta zuwa wasu tsirrai.
A lokacin da wata shuka ta kamu da cutar fungal kamar na tsatsa ko mabaƙi, toho ko baƙi sun bayyana a faranti, da kuma launin toka mai launin launin toka a saman harbin kanta da kanta, wanda zai bazu kan kara akan lokaci. Yanke kuma lalata duk wuraren da aka shafa na shuka, sannan daji da ƙasa a ƙarƙashinsa aka fesa shi da maganin shirye-shiryen fungicidal.
Iri da nau'ikan fararen fata tare da hotuna da suna
An riga an ambata a sama cewa 'yan lambu kawai ke shuka nau'in 2 na lambun fure.
Zuwa lokacin bazara (Leucojum vernum)
Wannan nau'in ya fi son yin girma a gefunan gandun daji na beech, waɗanda suke a Tsakiyar Turai, Carpathians ma sun shiga nan. Tsawon irin wannan tsiron mai tsinkaye yakai kimanin 0.2 m. Takaddun faranti-lanceolate masu nisa sun kai 0.25 m a tsayi kuma 12 mm a fadin. Tsawon farfajiyar ya yi daidai da 0.3 m. Furannin furanni masu launin fari na iya zama ɗaya ko a haɗe su, suna da ƙanshin farin ciki, kuma a ƙarshen firam ɗin akwai tatsuniyar launin kore ko launin rawaya. Wannan tsiro ya ɓullo a watan Afrilu, kuma tsawon lokacin da yake da girma shine kwanaki 20-30. 'Ya'yan itacen bushashe ne mai kwalliyar kwalba mai ruɓi uku mai siffa. Girma tun daga 1420. Mafi kyawun nau'in shine Carpathicum: furanni sun fi girma idan aka kwatanta da manyan nau'in, kuma a kan filayen su akwai rawaya masu launin shuɗi.
Yankin rani (Leucojum aestivum)
A yanayi, ana iya samun wannan nau'in a cikin Crimea, Asiaaramar Asiya da Kudancin Asia, Kudancin Yammacin Turai da Yammacin Turai da Transcaucasia, yayin da ta fi son girma a bankunan koguna da ciyawar ruwa. Tsawon irin wannan tsiron mai tsinkaye yakai kimanin 0.4 m, tsawon ƙudirin ganye shine 0.3 m, kuma tsayin dutsen shine 0.4 m. Fulawa yana farawa daga tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen Mayu. Loaƙƙarfan labule mai ƙyalƙyali mai ɗaukar hoto ya ƙunshi fararen furanni 3-10. Itace tayi fure har tsawon kwanaki 20. An noma ta tun daga 1588. varietyaukar nau'in Gravestite ita ce mafi mashahuri: wannan gonar Ingilishi an samo ta ta hanyar masu shayarwa ta Ingilishi, tsayin dutsen filawa yakai kimanin 0.6 m, suna ɗaukar furanni shida fararen furanni, a kan shinge wanda akwai filayen-ciyayi masu kwari.
Abubuwa masu ban sha'awa sune 'yan Rumariya da fararen fata, kamar su mai gashi, mai tsayi da Tingitansky, amma masana kimiyya sun ware su a cikin otal din otal, wanda ake kira acis. Na nau'ikan da suke yin fure a lokacin kaka a Yammacin Turai, galibi ana noma su shine kaka da ruwan hoda fari. Tsawon kaka mai fure ya kusan santimita 12, ana lura da furanni a watan Satumba, akwai filayen kore a filayen fararen furanni. A halin yanzu, ana kiran waɗannan nau'ikan acidis kuma an kasafta su a cikin jinsin halittar daban.
