Beets (ba beets!) - tsire-tsire na herbaceous mai shekaru biyu na dangin Amaranth (a da, beets mallakar gidan Marev). Haka nan akwai wakilai na shekara da na shekara na wannan dangi. Daga cikin nau'ikan 13 da aka haɗa a cikin ƙwayar gwoza, biyu ne kawai ke girma a cikin al'ada - gwoza na kowa da gwoza ganye.
Abubuwan ƙyallen ganye (chard) sune shekara-shekara da biennial. Ba ya yin tushen tushe; yana da sanda ko tushe mai ƙarfi. Dukkanin ikon shuka yana tafiya zuwa samuwar iko na fure na ganye mai kauri akan tsayayyun petioles mai kauri.
Cutar daji ta gama gari itace shuka iri biyu. A cikin shekarar farko, ta samar da babban tsiro mai ƙyalli, kuma a shekara ta biyu, ciyawar fure wacce akan ɗaure tsaba da kuma ɗora su. Koyaya, mafi yawan beets yawanci ana girma a cikin al'adun shekara-shekara don girbin amfanin gona mai daɗin ci da lafiya. Don samun tsaba, ƙananan yankuna na musamman ne kaɗai suka ragu.
An raba beets na al'ada zuwa rukuni uku:
- dakin cin abinci;
- sukari
- abinci
Beetroot
Ana iya rarrabu zuwa kashi biyu: ja da fari. Abubuwan da aka samo masu launin ja sune suka fi yawa, sune abinda muke al'ada muke kira "beets."
Fararen fata ba su da mashahuri kuma ba koyaushe ne sanannu ga mai amfani da shi. Don dandana, fararen beets suna da kama da ɗan uwansu ɗan jan. Yana da kayan ganye na ganye kore da ƙananan tushen albarkatu na elongated tare da fatar fata da ɓangaren litattafan almara. Ana amfani dashi a cikin salads, marinades, da kuma a cikin jita-jita inda canza launi na sauran kayan abinci ba kyawawa bane. Mafi mashahuri a cikin duk duniya shine launin "Albina Vereduna" mai launin fari-fruiting.
Kada ku rikita beets tebur da sukari da fodder. Abubuwan sukari da abincin wake suna da nama mai sauƙi, amma ba a cinye su.
Red iri na gwoza suna da launi na ɓangaren litattafan almara da fata na albarkatu masu tushe daga carmine ja zuwa maroon, kusan baki. Haske mai ɗaukar hoto a bayyane yake a ɓangaren giciye. Siffar tushen gwoza a cikin beets na ja zai iya zama mafi bambancin: lebur, zagaye, elongated-conical, silili da sifa mai siffa. Iri tare da amfanin gona mai cike da zagaye kuma mai shimfiɗaɗɗa shine farkon farkon, mai amfani, kyakkyawan gabatarwa. Suna girma don amfani lokacin rani. Yankin lokacin-tsakiyar da na marigayi iri suna da ƙarin tushen elongated tushen da ingantaccen tsarin tushen. Irin waɗannan albarkatun tushe suna adana su a cikin hunturu.
Red teets beets mafi yawa ana zuwa kashi uku:
- Vindifolia - rukuni na iri tare da ganyen ganye da ganye. Petioles na iya zama ruwan hoda. Tushen Tushen suna da siffar elongated-conical, tare da tushen ƙarfi.
- Rubrifolia - wannan rukuni na iri daga mafi yawan harbe yana da launin ja mai duhu na ganye da kayan amfanin gona. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun bambanta da yawa a siffar: elongated-conical, zagaye, lebur. Iri daban-daban basu yarda da zafi ba kuma basu da babban aiki.
- Atrorubra - wannan rukunin ya hada da nau'ikan nau'ikan beets na tebur. An kwatanta shi da albarkatu masu launin masu launin duhu, ganye mai haske mai haske a kan ja ko ruwan hoda mai ƙoshin ruwan hoda, yawan amfanin ƙasa. Ganyayyaki sun ba da fatawoyi masu ja.
Kungiyar ta hada da wadannan nau'ikan sanannun:
- Bordeaux Yana da m ko zagaye duhu ja tsakiyar-kakar tushen amfanin gona. Ringsaƙƙarfan zoben da akan yanke kusan ba sa ganuwa. Ganyen yana kafa, kore, a kan petioles ruwan hoda, reddening da kaka.
- Masarawa. Yana da sikelin fasalin tushen amfanin gona. Suna da matsakaici a cikin girman, launi yana da duhu sosai, wani lokacin tare da launin shuɗi. Ganyen suna launin kore mai duhu, mai launin jan jini da kuma petioles. Ta hanyar kaka, launin ja yana ƙaruwa. Iri ne yawanci farkon ripening, talauci flowered.
- Aiwatarwa. Ganyen wannan nau'in tsiro suna da matukar kyau game da Masarawa, amma suna da ƙarfin mafita da launi mai sauƙi. Tushen Tushen sune masu zagaye-zagaye da zagaye, duhu cikin launi. Iri daban-daban suna farawa, low-fure, wasu suna tsayayya wa fari.
- Erfurt. Hada da marigayi cikakke fari fari haƙuri. Tushen tushe yana da matukar ƙarfi, wanda ke haifar da girbi da wahala. Tushen Tushen suna da girma, elongated-conical da silili. Ana iya ganin alamun zoben halayya a sarari.
Yawancin nau'ikan wannan nau'in an yi nufin su ne don ajiyar hunturu. Wannan rukunin ya haɗa da sanannen '' Silinda na Yaren mutanen Holland '', wanda ke da amfanin gona mai kamannin gaske, wanda aka nutse a cikin ƙasa kawai sulusin tsayin tsayi.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, shayarwa sun bred sabon nau'in beets tebur: rawaya da taguwar. Waɗannan beets suna riƙe daɗin ɗanɗano su da duk abubuwan amfani masu amfani na abubuwan beets na yau da kullun. Fa'idodin waɗannan sababbin nau'ikan su shine babban ado.
Mafi shahararrun nau'ikan 'ya'yan itace masu launin rawaya sune Goldenan wasan Tsari da Goldenwallon Burpee. Daga cikin taguwar da aka fi sani da suna "Chioggia".
A cikin Rasha, farkon nau'ikan beets na tebur suna girma don amfani lokacin rani da tsakiyar iri-ripening don ajiya na hunturu. Atearewa-ripening iri suna da lokaci don ripen kawai a cikin ƙasar ƙasar.
Ana amfani da beets na tebur sabo da bayan dafa abinci. An shirya jita-jita iri-iri daga gare ta: miyan, jita-jita, gefe, salati. Ana dafa shi, stewed, gasa. Yi amfani da haɗe tare da wasu kayan lambu ko a matsayin abinci mai zaman kanta.
Baya ga amfanin gona masu tushe, ana cin fi guda biyu na gwoza lafiya. Ana shirya abincin abinci mai dadi daga gare shi. Kasancewar beets a cikin abincin yau da kullun yana ba da gudummawa ga kulawa da rigakafin cututtuka da yawa.
Ganyayyaki ganyen
Leaf gwoza (chard, kabeji na Rome) a cikin al'adun an girma kamar shekara-shekara. Wannan inji ba ta ɗaure tushen kayan lambu. Ganyayyaki da petioles na mashigar sama suna cinyewa.
Ganyen chard suna da yawa, wavy, m, resilient, daga kore zuwa duhu mai ruwan hoda. Petioles kuma sun zo cikin tsayi daban-daban, kauri da launuka daban-daban. Matsayin launi na petioles ya bambanta da gaske: suna da launin shunayya, mulufi, ruwan hoda, kore, farin fari, azurfa. Don ƙwarƙwarar ƙwayar cuta a wasu ƙasashen Turai, ana amfani da chard kamar ciyawar fure.
An rarraba Chard zuwa nau'i biyu: petiole da ganye. Ana amfani da nau'ikan ganye tare da petioles a matsayin abinci a cikin salads, miyan, stews. Ana la'akari da nau'ikan Petiole mafi dadi kuma suna da daraja sosai a cikin gidajen cin abinci na Turai. Red-grained iri-iri ana amfani da su sau da yawa don jita-jita tare da kula da zafi, iri-innabi-innabi - na saladi.
A Rasha, sanannun maki na chard masu zuwa:
- Masu launin ja - "Red", "Scarlet" da "kyakkyawa".
- Greenleaf - "Green".
- Azurfa-Azurfa - "Belavinka".
Matsakaicin matsakaicin ganyen ganye na beets shine watanni 2-2.5. An cire Chard a zaɓi, yankan manyan ganye a kan lokacin farin petioles. Tare da wannan hanyar tattarawa, shuka yana ci gaba da haɓaka ganye. Wasu lokuta kuma ana yanke mashin chard gaba daya. Ganyayyaki suna buƙatar a yanka su a hankali sosai don kada su ƙazanta da ƙasa.
Ruwan gandun daji
Wani sabon tsarin mai amfani da abincin da ake amfani da shi shine gandun daji na daji. Yana cikin rukunin ganye. Dankunan gwoza sun sami suna saboda ya girma a gaɓar tekun kusa da ruwa. Ana iya samunsa a Indiya, Afirka, Ingila, a cikin Crimea. Tsire-tsire na gwoza na teku suna yin haƙuri da zafi da jikawar ƙasa tare da gishiri, suna girma sama da mita a tsawo.
Yan gari suna cin ganye ko bushe. Godiya ga beets na teku, wanda aka ɗauka shine mai gabatar da duk aikin gona, iri iri na talakawa suna girma sau da yawa a lokacin da ake yin gishiri.
Gwoza sukari
Gwanin gwoza shine mahimman kayan amfanin gona na masana'antu waɗanda aka noma su da yawa don samar da sukari da ethanol. Tushen tushen sa ya ƙunshi 8-22% sucrose. An samo irin wannan gwoza a cikin karni na XVIII ta zaɓi na wucin gadi na nau'in tebur.
Sugar gwoza - shuka iri-iri, amma an horar dashi azaman shekara-shekara don amfanin gona. The taro daga tushen amfanin gona, dangane da iri-iri, jere daga 300 g to 3 kg. Tushen amfanin gona ba ya jujjuyawar bayyana, fararen launin shuɗi a launi, fari a ɓangaren. Rosette na ganyen koren launi mai haske.
Abubuwan beets na sukari suna da zafi da kuma buƙatar ƙasa. Yana girma mafi kyau akan chernozems. Mafi mashahuri nau'ikan zaɓi na Jamusanci a duniya. A cikin Rasha, nau'ikan da suka fi girma sune Bona, Bohemia, Nancy, Clarina, Sphinx, Mandarin.
Wannan nau'in gwoza, kamar nau'in tebur, yana da abubuwa masu lafiya da yawa a cikin tsarin sa. Mazaunan bazara na zamani kwanan nan sun fara samun nasarar haɓaka girmar beets na sukari a yankunansu. Ana amfani dashi azaman dandano na zahiri a cikin abubuwan sarrafawa, adanawa, kayan tarihi, syrups, da kuma a cikin salads.
Idan kuna da niyyar amfani da beets na sukari a cikin dafa abinci, tabbatar ku kwantar da shi, kamar yadda ƙashin tushen amfanin gona yana da mutuƙar tashin hankali.
Beetroot
Abubuwan ƙyamar Fodder suma suna cikin albarkatu na masana'antu kuma an girma su don ciyar da dabbobin aikin gona. Hakanan, kamar sukari, abincin kiwo shine ke kiwo daga masu shayarwa daga abincin tebur na al'ada kuma ana horar dasu azaman shekara. Abun da ke tattare da kayan bege kusan shine banbanci daga dakin cin abinci, amma ya ƙunshi ƙarin furotin, matattarar tsire da ƙananan fiber.
Tushen albarkatun berts na beets suna girma sosai, har zuwa kilo da yawa. Mutane samfurori daban-daban sun girma zuwa kilogiram 30.
Suna da nau'i daban-daban: m, zagaye, elongated-conical, silili. Babu ƙasa da bambanci launuka na tushen amfanin gona: fari, ruwan hoda, kore, rawaya, lemo, burgundy. Kwaya ɓangaren litattafan almara yawanci fari ne, amma kuma ja. Tushen amfanin gona na ciyawar fodder ba su binne a cikin ƙasa, yawancinsu suna girma kai tsaye a farfajiya, wanda ke sauƙaƙe girbi.
Yawan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu da nau'ikan beets yana sanya ta zama samfuran mahimmanci a rayuwarmu. Tushen ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ya ƙunshi babban adadin bitamin da ma'adanai masu mahimmanci. Saboda haka, duk kawai muna buƙatar zaɓar iri-iri zuwa ga likitanmu kuma zaunar da wannan kayan lambu wanda ba a bayyana ba a gonarmu.
