Dukansu mutanen novice lambu da mazauna rani tare da gwaninta sun san cewa karas suna da wahalar shuka amfanin gona. Na farkon tsiro a saman gado yawanci ba su bayyana ba a farkon makonni uku daga baya, kuma adadinsu ya fi waɗanda aka shuka a cikin ƙasa.
Haƙiƙa, yalwar a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin mai mahimmanci mai mahimmanci kuma harsashi mai ƙarfi yana hana farkon cizon sprouts. Kuma m ripening na tsaba a kan laima inflorescence rinjayar da germination, wanda a cikin karas bai fi 60%.
Sabili da haka, dalilin amfanin gona da aka rasa sau da yawa ya zama rashin sani na dabaru masu sauƙi, yadda za a hanzarta germination na karas tsaba, da kuma sakaci farkon rarrabe kayan dasa. Bayan haka, idan ingancin seedlings bai dace da mazaunin rani ba, to, karas da aka shuka zai ba da wata guda.
Zabi na karas tsaba don shuka
A yau, mazauna bazara suna da zabi tsakanin tsararrun tsaba kuma an rufe su da wani yanki mai kariya. Bayan kwana nawa kabewa suke fitowa a kowane yanayi? A matsayinka na mai mulkin, tsaba masu girma suna girma cikin nishaɗi, amma jiran lokacin shuka na iya jinkirtawa har sati guda.
A lokacin shuka iri, irin wannan tsaba tare da kariya kuma, a lokaci guda, abubuwan da ke kunshe da sinadarai suna nuna kyakkyawan sakamako. Idan kana buƙatar shuka karas a kwanan wata, yana da kyau a yi amfani da tsaba na yau da kullun, ana tsara su kuma an shirya su don dasa.
Kula da karas sun girma da sauri, dole ne mu manta cewa ingancin tsaba ya ragu tare da ajiya. Mafi kyawun germination na kayan dasa kayan da aka tattara bara.
Tsanani lokacin jiƙa tsaba kafin dasa shuki
Maɓuɓɓuka waɗanda ke rufe batun "Yadda ake shuka Karas tare da tsaba" sau da yawa suna magana game da haɓaka haɓaka bayan fashe tsaba a ƙarƙashin ruwan zafi. Koyaya, irin wannan shawa don karas an fi amfani dashi azaman hanyar gwada germination.
Tsarin dummy mai nauyi a cikin jiki nan da nan ya zama bayyane kuma cire shi da sauri. Idan kun bar kyawawan tsaba a ƙarƙashin rafin, to, tare da mahimman mayukan da ke hana danshi kaiwa ga tayin, ana wanke abubuwan gina jiki. A sakamakon haka, 'ya'yan itacen za suyi rauni da gangan.
Zai fi dacewa kada a matse tsaba a cikin ruwan zafi, amma a cika su da ruwa a ɗakin zafin jiki na tsawon kwanaki 2 sannan a canza ruwa lokaci zuwa lokaci har sai tsaba su zube. Yana da haɗari a jira adadi mai yawa na ɗanɗano ya ciji, tunda ba lallai bane zai yuwu a shuka ƙananan tsaba ba tare da lalata ɓarnar da ke da lalacewa ba.
Idan tsiro duk da haka ya bayyana, to, zai fi kyau shuka irin wannan tsaba a cikin ƙasa mai ɗumi. Don jinkirta ci gaban shuka har sai an dasa, an aika da tsaba zuwa firiji, inda ake sa su a zazzabi + digiri +4. Kafin shuka, an ƙara yashi a kananan karas.
Yadda za a hanzarta germination na karas tsaba ba tare da soaking
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don yin karas da sauri. Wannan yana taimakawa ba kawai don hanzarta germination ba, har ma don taurara tsire-tsire nan gaba. Idan ƙwayoyin bushe a cikin jakar masana'anta suna yayyafa shi da sanyi, ƙasa mai laushi, to bayan kwanaki 10 za su yi zube, kuma shuka su ba zai zama da wahala ba. Kuma sanin tsawon lokacin da karas ke tsiro yayin bushewar shuka, shima ba abu bane mai wahala don jira kwanaki 4-5 kafin fitarwar.
Soaking za a iya ba da shi tare da idan a gida don ƙirƙirar wa tsaba nau'in kwasfa na abinci mai gina jiki. Ya kamata a aiwatar da hanyar 3-5 days kafin shuka iri, yayin da drazhirovany ta amfani da cakuda ƙasa:
- yana taimakawa karas wajen fitar da sauri;
- sosai sauƙaƙe shuka;
- rage yawan iri a kowane yanki naúrar;
- wanda ya sauƙaƙe ana tabbatar da dasa shuki, gami da weeding, thinning da hilling.
Irin waɗannan harbe na karas a cikin hoto ana rarrabe su da launi mai haske mai haske, ƙarfi da daidaituwa.
Kamar yadda aka gyara daga cikin abun da ke ciki don harsashi dauki:
- jiko na mullein ko takin;
- bushe peat milled ta sieve;
- humus.
Ana zubar da karas mai bushe a cikin gilashin gilashi, inda ake ƙara adadin peat, humus da mullein ruwa. Ruwan an rufe shi sosai kuma yana girgiza sosai har sai lokacin da aka fara buɗe murfin membrane a kusa da tsaba. Bayan haka an ƙara abubuwan da aka haɗuwa an kuma maimaita hanya, kuma an ɗora ƙwayoyin murfin mai girma akan takarda su bushe.
Tsarin tsaba yana ɗaukar lokaci da haƙuri, amma wannan madaidaiciyar ana ɗaukar inganci sosai.
Hydrogel domin karas tashi da sauri
Madadin danshi, ana amfani da hydrogel wanda yayi kama da ƙananan kwalliya ko lu'ulu'u a yau don shirya tsaba don shuka.
- Abubuwan haɓaka na kayan roba waɗanda ke ɗaukar karuwa a ruwa, kuma madaidaicin matsakaici yana cike da iska saboda rashin ƙarfi.
- Kafin dasa karas da tsaba, ana shimfiɗa su a kan ruwa mai narkewa, suna rufe su daga sama. A irin wannan yanayin, iri suna karɓar duk abin da suke buƙata don kumburi, amma kada ku yi haɗarin haɗarin mold ko ruɓa.
- Yawancin lokaci, ciji yana farawa a cikin mako guda, bayan fewan kwanaki ya fara fitowa a cikin gilashi m.
Idan muka kwatanta kwanakin da karas ke fitowa a cikin tsarin al'ada, to fa'idodin ga mazaunin bazara ya zama bayyananne.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Baya ga ruwa don soaking tsaba, yana da amfani don ɗaukar maganin taki. Don sauƙaƙe lokutan ƙwayar karas, ya isa ƙara ƙara teaspoon na potassium ko sodium humate kowace lita na ruwa mai dumi, Effekton-O, Energen, ko sau biyu akan haƙoran itacen ash.
Ana sanya tsaba a cikin ruwa na kwana ɗaya, bayan haka an wanke su kuma an aika su zuwa ga sanyi. Bayan kwanaki 4, 'Ya'yan bushe, masu taurin kai suna shirye don shuka.
Tsarin Bubbling
Sosai yayin da yake wucewa iska ta ruwa ana ɗauka ɗayan mafi inganci don hanzarta ƙwayar ƙwayar karas.
A gida, hanya ce mafi sauƙi don aiwatar da amfani da kwampreso don akwatin kifin ko famfon mota.
- Don cimma sakamakon da ake so, ana karaya karas daga 18 zuwa 24 hours.
- Ruwan zazzabi na daki yana zuba a cikin akwati kuma an tabbatar da cewa iska tana mamaye dukkan yadudduka.
- Idan rigar iri ta fara fashewa da wuri, ana katse tsari.
- Don mafi girman sakamako, ana saka alamar gano abu ko takin saka ruwa a ruwa.
- Shirye-shiryen tsaba suna bushe a cikin iska kuma an shuka su. A lokaci guda, ƙasa a kan gadaje kada ta kasance ma rigar, in ba haka ba seedlings iya rot.
Ga tambayar: "Ta yaya kwanaki nawa ke da karas ke fitowa bayan irin wannan jiyya?" 'yan lambu waɗanda suka gwada hanyar sun amsa cewa tanadin lokaci yana aƙalla mako guda.
Vernalization na karas tsaba
Don shirya karas, a matsayin ɗayan amfanin gona na da sanyi mai sanyi tare da dogon lokacin shuka, ana amfani da ingantaccen amfani da iska wajen sarrafa ruwa. Wannan saitin matakan ne da nufin samun farkon girbi da kuma ƙara tsayayya da shuka. Sakamakon haka, an fi samun saurin shuka tsiro a cikin fili, ciyayi da haɓaka tushen albarkatu sun fi aiki.
Vernalization na karas sun hada da:
- soaking a cikin narke ruwa a dakin zazzabi;
- kiyaye har zuwa makonni biyu a dusar ƙanƙara ko a cikin firiji a ƙarƙashin zane mai bushe, a zazzabi -1 zuwa digiri na +1.
Bayan an gama wannan aikin, sai 'yan' matan su fara kumburi su fara peck, duk da cewa ba su fara fito da kansu ba tukuna. Idan ya cancanta, ana iya katse vernalization kuma ana iya shuka tsaba na karas a shirye don haɓaka girma a cikin ƙasa mai taushi.
Kimanin bayyanar tsirarwa, fim ko kayan rufe kayan lambu akan lambun zai taimaka.
Idan muka yi la'akari da seedlings na karas, daga hoto nan da nan za ku iya gano tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi daga hatsi da aka shirya. Kuma domin karas ci gaba da ci gaba da rayayye, babban abu shi ne cewa kasar gona ba ya bushe fita, da kuma cewa ɓawon burodi tsoma baki tare da sprouts ba ya samar a farfajiya na gado.
