Foaƙƙarfan fenti mai kyalli da ƙyalli mai ban sha'awa na tauraro mai siffa tauraro, waɗanda aka taru a cikin ɗakunan laima na inflorescences, suna jan hankalin masu son ruwan inabin na cikin gida. Kula da hoya a gida zai kasance ga likitan duka mai horar da mai tarbiyya da wanda ya mance ko kuma wanda yake yawan tafiya kasuwanci. Masu zanen cikin gida suna ƙaunar yin amfani da shuka don shimfidar shimfidar wurare a tsaye - ganye mai haske na hoya yana ba da bango kore ta musamman raunin da ke tashi.
An haɗa nau'ikan tsire-tsire 51 a cikin yanayin Hoya na dangin Kutrovy, amma kusan sunaye 450 suna cikin yanayin rashin tabbas. A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, hoya yayi girma a Indiya, China, a tsibiran tsibiran Malay, a Koriya ta Kudu da kuma gefen arewa maso gabashin gabashin Australiya. Shuka ta sami suna saboda girmamawa ga mai gidan Turanci T. Hoy, wanda ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa gabaɗaya ga tsiro na wurare masu zafi a cikin gidajen kore na Duke na Northumberland.
Hoton Botanical
Hoya sune tsire-tsire na perennial tare da curly, hawa, wani lokacin tare da drooping mai tushe. Ganyensu fleshy ne, mai launin fata, mai launi mai ban sha'awa, tare da halayyar halayyar, har zuwa 20 cm tsayi, tsawon 5 cm, suna kan gaban arna.
Furanni suna da tsari mai rikitarwa, fararen dusar ƙanƙara, cream, lemun tsami-rawaya, ruwan hoda ko shunin-kifi, waɗanda aka tattara a cikin ɓarkewar sarƙar. Corollas suna da lobed-biyar, fleshy, petals, kamar dai karammiski ga tabawa.
A cikin al'adun cikin gida, shahararrun nau'ikan sune:
- Hoya mai nama, ko kakin zuma mai laushi (H. carnosa), gishirin itace da dusar ƙanƙara-fari ko launin shuɗi mai ƙanshi.
- H. girma (H. imperialis) - tsire mai hawa tare da furanni masu launin shuɗi mai duhu.
- Hoya ta Kudu (H. australis) - Masu bautar gumaka suna tafe tare da fararen furanni tare da cibiyar ja.
- H. kyakkyawa (H. bella) - itace mai fure mai fure mai fure da furanni ruwan hoda mai kamshi mai daɗi, sananne ne ga girma mai girma.
Hoya kiwo a gida
Fulatan furanni suna shuka shuka iri da kuma dasa bishiyar tushe. Tare da wani matsayi na haƙuri, yana yiwuwa a shuka hoya daga ruwan ganye. Kafin kiwo hoya a gida, kuna buƙatar sanin kanku da hanyoyin da ake da su na samun sabbin tsirrai.
Mafi kyawun lokacin kiwo hoya shine farkon lokacin girma. Kodayake shuka ba shi da lokacin hutawa da za a yi amfani da shi, amma hanyoyin ci gaban suna yin kasa a lokacin sanyi na shekara. Tare da shigowar bazara, hoya ya fi saurin kamuwa da haihuwa, kodayake yin gwaji tare da dasa harbe za a iya yi a wasu watanni, amma ba a lokacin fure ba.
Hoya: yaduwa ta hanyar yanke
An yanke yankan daga kwandon lafiya. Ya kamata ya zama gajere - 5-6 cm, ya ƙunshi internodes biyu da kuma nau'i-nau'i na ganye. An cire ƙananan ƙwayoyin ganye, yana barin biyu kawai. Kafin kauda tushen hoya, garin ya bushe na tsawon awanni biyu, sannan an kula da mitsitsin tare da wakili mai motsa rai - heteroauxin, zircon ko tushen, kuma a binne shi cikin cakuda ƙasa ko a cikin jirgin ruwa.
Iri-iri na substrate na dasa tushen:
- peat da yashi da aka ɗauka a daidai sassan;
- 2 sassa na ƙasar kyakkyawan gona da kuma 1 yanki na yashi;
- allunan peat;
- maganin cututtukan fata;
- gansakuka sphagnum.
Wani kwano tare da makama an sanya shi cikin ruwa ko kuma an rufe shi da filastik kunu ko gilashi a kai kuma a kai a kai daga kwalban da ake fesawa, kar a manta da yin iska sau da yawa. Werswararrun masu noman furanni suna amfani da kwalabe na filastik, waɗanda ke da tushe, kuma suna ba da damar iska ta hanyar kwance abin toshe kwalaba.
Ana sanya jirgin ruwa tare da tushen daskararru a cikin wurin dumi inda ya yiwu a kula da yawan zafin jiki na digiri 22 a koyaushe. Tushen zai bayyana bayan makonni biyu. An dasa tsiran tsirrai a cikin tukunya mai zaman kanta ba tare da jiran tsarin tushen ɓullo ba, saboda, ta hanyar tsayin tsayi, saiwoyi mai narkewa cikin sauƙi a lokacin dasawa.
Hoya ganye yadawa
An zaɓi ganye da lafiya da ƙuruciya, yanke shi tare da ƙaramin yanki na petiole - wannan shine inda ci gaban yake. Wannan yana da mahimmanci saboda, an yanke shi a tushe, zai kasance ragon ganye wanda yake fitowa a cikin ƙasa, duk da cewa yana da tushe, kuma ba zai haifar da harbi ba.
Hanya don samun sabon kwafi daga wata takarda dabam yana kama da yadda hoya ke yaduwa da ƙyallen. Shuka abu kuma an bushe shi da magani tare da tushen ko wasu abubuwan ƙarfafa. Abinda ke ciki na cakuda ƙasa iri ɗaya ne, duk da haka, ana dasa ganyen a cikin tukunyar maɓuɓɓugan yanki da yawa kuma lokaci-lokaci suna ciyar da su. Zai ɗauki lokaci mai yawa, kusan shekara guda, kafin fasalin jirgi ya samo asali daga ganyen da aka samo.
Hoya daga Tsaba
A cikin yanayin gida, aikin pollination yana da wahala, kuma kusan ba zai yuwu ka zama mai mallakar kayan shuka ba. Koyaya, tare da kowane sa'a, ana iya siye shi a shagon kayan masarufi ko kuma an umurce shi daga masu ba da kaya. Abubuwan hoya a cikin hoto sunyi ƙanana, hemispherical da duhu chestnut a launi, tare da halayyar haɓaka kamar dandelion. Suna penaura a kananan fareto. Shuka su a cikin cakuda ƙasa, wanda ya ƙunshi ganye da sod ƙasa mai gauraye da yankakken ƙwayoyin sphagnum, yakamata ya kasance cikin shekarar tarin.
Harbe yana bayyana da sauri, bayan kimanin mako guda. Ana shayar da ƙasa koyaushe, amma a tabbata cewa yawan ruwa mai yawa yana gudana a cikin kwanon rufin ta hanyar magudanar magudanar ruwa. Ana ajiye jirgin ruwa tare da tsire-tsire a cikin kusurwar dumi a cikin ɗakin, kuma bayan kimanin watanni 3 ana shuka shuka tare da ganyayyaki 2-4 a cikin kwantena daban. Don rigakafin kamuwa da cututtukan fungal, ana feshe shi lokaci-lokaci tare da ƙwayar Bordeaux.
Sanin yadda ake shuka hoya daga tsaba, ana samun sababbin samfurori masu yawa, duk da haka, ga tsire-tsire matasan wannan hanyar ba ta dace ba gaba ɗaya - halayen iyaye na iri-iri galibi ana rasa su.
Hoya dashi a gida
Hoya baya son jigilar maimaitawa. An dasa tsohuwar shuka zuwa sabon simintin kowane shekara 2-3, samfuran samari - kowace shekara. Yana da mahimmanci koyaushe ga farkon mai shukar fure don sanin wane tukunya ake buƙata don hoya da yadda za a shuka shuka yadda yakamata, zaɓin abubuwanda ake buƙata don haɗuwa da ƙasa.
Zaɓi na tukunya da lokacin juyawa
Succulent yana haɓaka talauci a cikin manyan tasoshin ruwa, mai rauni yana ƙara yawan ciyayi, "yana zaune" na dogon lokaci a wurin kuma ya ƙi Bloom. Sabili da haka, yana da kyawawa don dasa shuka a cikin karamin tukunya. Abubuwan da aka sanya daga ciki ba su taka muhimmiyar rawa ba. Abin da manoma zai buƙaci kawai ya tuna cewa danshi yana fitar da sauri daga tukunyar yumɓu fiye da na filastik, kuma dole ne a daidaita yanayin ban ruwa daidai da haka.
Lokacin dasa hoya shima yana da mahimmanci. A daren Hawan bazara, bai kamata ku fara dasa shi ba, zai fi kyau ku jira lokacin bazara.
Tsire-tsire suna motsawa zuwa sabon haɗuwa cikin ƙasa a cikin kaka ba su ɗau tushe sosai kuma galibi suna mutuwa akan lokaci, ba su murmure daga ayyukan juyawa ba.
Hoya mai noma
Ana samun ƙasa don hoya a cikin shagon fure na musamman ko kuma yin girki da substrate da kanka. Akwai yiwuwar zaɓi na abubuwan da aka gyara:
- ƙasar sheet - 2 sassa;
- peat - 1 sashi;
- ƙasar turf - 1 sashi;
- yashi - 1 sashi.
A cikin abun da ke ciki don dasa bishiyoyi masu girma, ana kuma ƙara sassan 0.5 na humus. Ranar da ta gabata, ana shayar da hoya sosai saboda babu matsaloli yayin cire fure daga tsohuwar tukunyar.
Don kyawawan Hoya, kuna buƙatar haɗuwa da ƙasa daban-daban - a kashi 1:
- tukunyar ƙasa
- Tushen fern Tushen;
- peb fibrous;
- yashi;
- 0.5 sassan gutsattsarin yanki na gawayi.
Yadda za a dasa hoya?
Yana da kyau a rusa tushen zuwa mafi ƙanƙanci, in ya yiwu, yi amfani da hanyar warwarewar. An binne tushen wuya a daidai wannan matakin a cikin tanki na baya. Sanya shuka a tsakiyar tukunyar, riƙe da hannu ɗaya, a hankali zuba ƙasa don kada a lalata tushen. Idan hoya yana da pagons masu tsawo, kafin a canza shuka zuwa sabon akwati, ana ƙarfafa taimakon a ciki, sannan kuma an dasa fure saboda kar a cutar da tushen tushen da aka tura cikin madadin.
Babban yanayin juyawa shine cewa ƙasa don hoya ya kamata ya kasance mai kwance, iska-danshi-permeable, tare da tsaka tsaki ko ɗanɗanar acid.
Hoya: kulawar gida tare da hoto
Dankin yana da sauƙin kulawa. Babban hanyoyin kiyaye hoya babu bambanci da kulawa da yawancin succulents.
Buƙatun wuri
Liana fi son wurare masu haske a cikin ɗakin. Amma bugawa ta cikin raunin faranti a saman faranti, dole ne a cire shi. Sills na windo na kudu maso gabas ko ta kudu ta dace, idan akwai fitila mai warwatse.
Kada shuka ta da damuwa ta hanyar jujjuyawa akai-akai a gefen ikon furen.
Abubuwan zazzabi na succulents suna da zafi sosai. A cikin kaka-hunturu lokacin yana dauke da yanayin zafi ba ƙasa da digiri 12 Celsius ba. A lokacin rani, tsire-tsire ba masu zafin rai ba ne game da zafin zafi, za su yi kallo kuma ba a zaluntarsu idan ba a taimake su nan da nan ta hanyar fesawa ba. Sun amsa da godiya ga ƙaura zuwa gonar ko kuma baranda, inda duk watanni masu zafi suke. Tare da raguwa a cikin yanayin zafi na dare zuwa digiri 15 ko dan kadan, an kawo hoya a cikin gidan.
Watering da spraying
Halin wulakanci don girman nau'ikan hoya daban-daban. Ana shayar da tsire-tsire tare da ganye mai ganye bayan bushewa da santimita da yawa na babba na earthen coma. Kudancin Hoya yana buƙatar danshi koyaushe, amma ba rigar ƙasa ba.
Yankunan da na bakin ciki da ganyayyaki ya fi son su girma a cikin cakuda ƙasa mai faɗi da inuwa m na windows na yamma. Koyaya, acidification na ƙasa a cikin tukunya dole ne a guji shi.
Dankin ya fi son fesawa, duk da haka, tare da rage yawan zafin jiki a cikin ɗaki da raguwar hasken rana, buƙatar haɓaka yanayin iska ya ɓace.
Ciyar da Hoya
An shuka ciyayi a kai a kai tare da hadadden ma'adinai don nasarar fure. Itara shi zuwa ruwan ban ruwa da cikakkiyar yarda da gwargwadon mai masana'anta ya nuna a kan kunshin. Ana kiyaye yawan suturar saman da babu fiye da 1 lokaci na wata daya.
Kafin takin hoya, ana shayar da shi da rana mai kyau. Wasu lambu suna da sha'awar ko yakamata a sami alli a cikin abubuwan abinci masu gina jiki. Yawancin masana sun yarda cewa tsire-tsire yana amsa talauci ga ruwa mai wuya kuma, sabili da haka, ba a tallafawa wannan sashin ba.
Mutane da yawa kuma sun damu da tambayar ko za a datse aikin. An shuka shuka a cikin bazara don fara haɓaka arna da ba da liana mafi kyawun tsari.
Yadda ake yin Hoya ya yi fure a gida
Mutane da yawa masu mallakar fure sun koka cewa hoya ba ta yi fure ba. Yaya za a kula da hoya don jin daɗin kyawawan furanni masu ban sha'awa a kowace shekara? Florists tare da gwaninta a cikin tsiro kakin zuma i rika shirya shuke-shuke da sanyi hunturu tabbatarwa, samar da wani lokacin hutawa, da wuya sosai ciyar da su, kuma ba ciyar da su da kõme. Idan shuka yayi overwinters a cikin dumi, babu furanni.
Bayan furannin hoya za, ciyawar fure ba ta yanke ba - a kakar wasa mai zuwa, za a sake kafa larada na fure a kansu.
Tsarin takaddama na Hoya tare da babban abun ciki na nitrogen yana hana samuwar toho Zai fi kyau a zaɓi irin waɗannan shirye-shirye inda ba a son nitrogen ɗin gaba ɗaya ko akwai adadi kaɗan.
Matsaloli masu yuwuwar girma
Kurakurai a cikin kulawa da hoya sun hada da bada ruwa na substrate. A sakamakon haka - lalacewar tsarin tushe, sannan gabaɗaya ƙwayar cuta tare da cututtukan fungal. Daga rashin walƙiya, itacen inabin ya girma a hankali kuma ya ƙi yin fure. Kuma lokacin da zafin jiki ya sauka a cikin dakin da yake ciki, ƙasa da digiri 15, ya watsar da ganyayyaki.
Daga cikin kwari a cikin hoyas, an ga kwari masu yawa, ticks da aphids. Maimaitawa tare da maganin kwari yana taimakawa kawar da su. Zai fi wahala a magance tushen nematodes - suna da wuyar lura, kuma idan sanadin mummunan yanayin shuka ya zama bayyananne, ya yi latti domin adana shuka. Sabili da haka, wajibi ne don kula da matakan rigakafin - disinfection na kwantena na fure da kuma gaurayar ƙasa.
Hoya yana da magoya baya da yawa. Rashin amfani da daskararren fure na fure-fure koyaushe yana haifar da sha'awar da mamaki akan abin halitta na sabon abu. Kulawa da hoya a gida yana cikin ikon kowa da kowa, har ma da ƙwararraki mara ƙwarewa. Zai fi dacewa kawai amfani da ƙoƙari ba sosai. Amma falala mai yawa a cikin wannan tsiro mai girma da kuma laima mai girma inflorescences!
