Shugaban shekara-shekara na shuka don tafkunan hotoGraan shekara shekara shgaban wata itaciya ce mai tsiro da ake samu a gefen bankunan tafkunan ruwa da kwari. Ganye mai haske mai haske yana jan hankalin mutane, kuma shuka tayi sunanta ga yawon furanni.
Bayanin kai
Menene ciwon kai yayi kama? An rarrabe shi ba kawai a matsayin daban jinsin ba, har ma a matsayin dangi gaba daya - Ezhegolovnikovye, aji na monocotyledonous, sashen angiosperms. A cikin duka, an yiwa rajista kusan nau'ikan 20. Mahalli na asali shine ruwan teku, ƙuraren daji. Rarraba cikin Turai, Turkiya, Arewacin Amurka, Arewacin Afirka, Caucasus har ma an samo su a Siberiya. Yanayin ya dace da shi, daga yanayi zuwa yanayi.
- Rhizome filiform, sananniya.
- Abinda ya kasance mai kauri ne, ciyawan, ya kai girman 20-80 cm.Ya faru a tsaye mai laushi ko iyo mai laushi.
- Ruwan fure mai haske yana da tsawon rai, ya kai tsawon 2 m (dan kadan ya fi tsayi da mai tushe), 0.3-3 cm faɗi.
- Ganyen suna da fale, sessile, suna da kamannin madaukai masu laushi. Ganyayyaki na sama sun fi guntu fiye da ƙananan.
- A ko'ina cikin ƙasa sashin ƙananan ƙananan tubules ne waɗanda ke tafiyar da iska zuwa ga shuka.
Gudun ruwa
Hoto na fure mai fure
Furen fure mai tsayi akan gajeriyar fuloti suna taruwa a maɓuɓɓugan ƙwaƙwalwa masu yawa. diamita na kwan fitila mai fure ya kai 1.5 cm, kuma tare da tsaba masu ripaukaka - 2.5 cm. fruitan itacen yana da ƙananan spines.
Kwakwalwa-mai fasali, wani lokacin ma inflorescence a cikin nau'i na kwallaye na iya isa kusan cm 70. An shirya kwallayen a tsibi ko a nesa. Yana farawa daga tsakiyar Agusta ko farkon Satumba.
A cikin kaka, 'ya'yan itãcen ripen, zube kansu. Tsaba suna da tsari mai tsabta, saboda wanda suke daɗewa a kan ruwa (watanni 6-15), wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga tsiro na shuka. A tsaba ya sauko zuwa kasan germinate.
Kula da kai
- Shugaban kowace shekara yana buƙatar ruwa mai tsayayye ko mara ƙarfi; yana iya zama mai daɗaɗa ko ɗan gishiri.
- Zaɓi wuraren rana don dasawa.
- Watering da ciyar da ba a bukatar.
- Iska mai ƙarfi zata iya lalata ganye mai rauni mai sauƙi - kuna buƙatar samar musu tsari.
- A cikin yanayin halitta, solidarin tsire-tsire mai ƙarfi na amphibian sun kewaye mangoro.
Saboda haka da yankin yana da kyau-groomed bayyanar, lokaci-lokaci na bakin ciki fitar da bushes da cire wuce haddi kai seeding. Yi hankali lokacin dasa shuki a cikin tafkunan wucin gadi - saurin hawan rhizomes na iya lalata fim ɗin a ƙarshen tafkin.
Itatuwa yana da sanyi mai tsauri, ba lallai bane a ɗora shi a cikin hunturu. Ana yanke harbe da bushe a cikin bazara.
Yadda ake yin kiwo
Raba Bush
Wannan an fi dacewa da aikata shi ta hanyar rarraba daji.
- A cikin bazara, tono wani ƙaramin mangoro (ya kamata ya kasance shekaru 3-5), ku rarraba rhizome tare da hannuwanku cikin masu rarrabu, ku nutsar da kowannensu a cikin sabon wuri a cikin ƙasa ambaliya.
- Saukowa ya kamata ya zama 50 cm a ƙasa na ruwa.
Noma
Tsaba na hoton brambleberry
Seedlings suna girma daga tsaba.
- Aauki akwati tare da ƙasa mai cike da laka, sanya tsaba zuwa zurfin 2-3 cm.
- Da farko, tsarin tushen zai inganta, sai bayan watanni 1-1.5 ne ganyen farko zai bayyana.
- A ƙarshen bazara, ana iya nutsar da tubuna cikin ruwa a wani wurin buɗe ko kuma a dasa shi kai tsaye a cikin tafkin.
Nau'in biloba tare da hoto da bayanin
Itace madaidaiciya ko itace mai sifar Sparganium erectum
Ananann da aka dasa foran itace don hotunan jikin ruwa
Yana girma cikin tsayi 50-150 cm. Yana da nau'ikan tushen tushe guda biyu: creeping - hanyoyin kan layi suna haɗe tare da bangarorin neman abinci mai gina jiki; a tsaye - an dasa shuka a wuri guda.
M ganye karami ana densely dasa a kan mai tushe, da siffar yayi kama da foliage na irises. A kan kara guda ɗaya manyan pistillate (kusan 5 inji mai kwakwalwa.) Kuma furanni masu siraran pea-sized (6-12 inji mai kwakwalwa).
Sparganium emersum
Sparganium emersum mai sauki hotohead a cikin wani kandami
Siffar harbe-tsire masu laushi, suna iyo a cikin ruwa ba tare da yardar rai ba. Matsakaicin tsayin kara shine 120 cm.
Ba a kula da itace mara lafiya na shekara-shekara ba: madaidaiciya harbe, ƙanƙara mai zurfi, tsayayye har zuwa cm 120. mace 3 da furanni namiji na fure 20.
Inabi na Sparganium graminum
Hoton Canthus sparganium gramineum
Gashi mai tsawon mita biyu ne, ganyen yana da fadi har zuwa tsawon m 1.5. An bayyana furanni maza da mata uku akan harbe. Yana fure a cikin Yuni-Yuli; a watan Agusta, 'ya'yan itacen sun yi kauri.
Arewacin Common Sparganium hyperboreum
Photohorse na arewacin Sparganium hyperboreum hoto
Yana da fadi, tsawon hancinsa. A ganye ne lebur-convex, m, ba su haskaka a cikin haske. The mai tushe sun fi guntun ganye, kafa da kuma iyo. Manyan furanni suna daure sosai a kan kara, ƙananan an saka su a ɗan ƙaramin farfajiya.
Sparganium glomeratum mai cunkoso
Sparganium glomeratum ya cika
Gashi mai gajarta ne (20-40cm), kafa. Ganyen suna da tsayi (cm 8-12), suna da sashin triangular. Short inflorescences 5-7 cm tsayi ya ƙunshi pistillate 3-5 da fure 1-2 na fure. Yana blooms duk lokacin rani, 'ya'yan itãcen ripen a watan Satumba.
Karamin kai karami
Shugaban karamin hoto
Kawai 30-70 cm tsayi. Mai tushe suna iyo da kafaɗa, suna da 4 zuwa ciki. Ganyayyaki ƙanƙan da haske ya haskaka cikin rana, ya kai tsawon 15-30 cm, faɗin kusan cm 1 A kan gajerun furenni 2 madaidaiciya da furanni pistillate 4.
Landfill a cikin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi
Headhair yana da manyan kayan adonsu. Yana da daɗi don sake farfado da bangarorin bakin teku na rafukan wucin gadi da na halitta tare da wannan ɗanyen itace mai laushi. Ana iya dasa shi a solo ko tare da powerfularfi mai ƙarfi, ciyayi mai duhu. Sakamakon yaduwar saurinsa a gefen gabar teku, ana yin amfani dashi mafi yawan lokuta a cikin manyan ruwa na ruwa, kuma wasu kananan nau'ikan ruwa suna iyo cikin lambuna.
Ana amfani dashi ba kawai don kyakkyawa ba: Tushen zai ƙarfafa yadudduka na ƙasar sosai, harbe zai tsaftace ruwan. Ya dace kamar amfanin gona don abinci mai amfani da ruwa, don nutria, muskrat, masu kiwon kudan zuma suna amfani da shugaban masara a matsayin kyakkyawan perganos.
Dukiya mai amfani
Alkaloids, saponins, tannins, ascorbic acid suna cikin haɗuwa da ganyayyaki da mai tushe na mangrove.
Wannan hadadden abubuwa masu amfani suna sa shuka ta zama mai warkarwa na gaskiya. Don kafa mafarki da kwantar da hankali, ɗauki kayan ado. Abubuwan haɗin mutum guda ɗaya na shugaban kai suna motsa tsarin wurare dabam dabam kuma ana amfani dasu azaman immunomodulators na halitta.
Magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta suna amfani da mangoro azaman painkiller da vasoconstrictor. Godiya gareshi, ƙwayar gastrointestinal da gabobin jikin mace suna tsayayye (tare da zubar jini).
