Shuka Rasberi a cikin ƙasa

Rasberi - ƙaunar da yawa lambu, kai pollinating, perennial shrub, fruiting tare da ƙanshi, da lafiya da kuma dadi berries.

Kasan sashin tsire:

• matasa twigs girma wannan bazara;
• harbe tare da m, m haushi, shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa, yana kan su cewa an kafa berries.

Kashi na karkashin kasa:

• tushen tsarin tare da kafaffen buds akan shi, wanda daga baya harbe ya girma - zuriya;
• wani ɓangare na gangar jikin da ke ƙasa na ƙirar tare da kodan da aka kafa. Twigs da ke fitowa daga irin wannan fure sune harbe-canje na canzawa;
• m asalinsu.

Taimako! Raspberries suna dauke da abubuwa masu aiki iri daban-daban: fructose, glucose, fiber, pectins, canza launi da tannins, bitamin B, carotene, potassium da salts na jan karfe, phytosterol, β-sitosterol. Hakanan, akwai acid: formic, citric, salicylic, folic, malic. Dangane da irin wannan babban abun da ke ciki, berries sun ayyana ƙa'idodin maganin antiseptik da antipyretic.

Agrotechnics Rasberi yana Girma

Daidaita agrotechnics na rasberi ya unshi ba kawai kai tsaye na ciyawar na tsire-tsire ba, har ma da zabi na wani shiri na raspberries, shirya ƙasa, seedlings da tsaba, zaɓi mafi kyawun takin zamani don amfanin gona da aka bayar kuma, ba shakka, lura da tsarin ban ruwa.

Shirya shafin

Mahimmanci! Raspberries ba su dace da duka wuraren bushewa da wurare masu kazanta ƙasa ba (ƙananan kwari, kwari). A lokuta biyu da na biyu, tsire-tsire suna fama da cututtuka daban-daban, wanda ke rage yawan aiki. Wannan al'ada ta haɓaka da kyau, tana haɓakawa kuma ta ba da 'ya'ya a kan haske da matsakaiciyar ƙazamar loams, har da yashi na loamy kasa tare da wadatar da humus, ruwa da abubuwan ma'adinai.

Matsayi da fasalin rukunin yanar gizon sune mahimman abubuwan da yakamata masu lambu su mai da hankali don ƙara yawan aiki yayin girma raspberries:

• Da farko dai, wurin da ke cikin rasberi yakamata ya kasance da iska mai kyau, amma ba bude ga dukkanin iska ba. Yana da kyau a zabi wani rukunin a kusurwar gonar ko inda bushes a gefe guda za a rufe shi ta shinge ko wasu bango, a nan, duk da haka, akwai banɗaki ɗaya - an dasa bushes ba kusa da 50 cm zuwa kariyar gefe ɗaya (bango, shinge). A wannan yanayin, tsire-tsire suna saukar da yardar kaina ta hanyar iska, kuma a lokaci guda ba sa fama da iska mai ƙarfi na iska;
• lokacin da suke shirin bishiyoyi rasberi, masu fasahar aikin gona sun ba da shawarar shirya layuka na bushes daga arewa-gabas zuwa kudu maso yamma ko daga arewa zuwa kudu;
• shading da rashin walƙiya, alal misali, lokacin dasa bishiyoyi tsakanin layuka bishiyoyi, shima bai da kyau, tunda a ƙarƙashin irin waɗannan yanayi matasa rassan (harbe na maye da zuriyarsu) suna matuƙar elongated, suna ɓoye rassan fruiting. Dangane da haka, lokacin girma, har zuwa lokacin girma, yana da jinkiri sosai kuma tsire-tsire ba shi da lokaci don cikakken shiri don sanyi, ban da wannan, haɗarin cututtuka sun bayyana;

Shawara! Ana ba da shawara ga masanan lambu da su shuka layuka na raspberries tare da hanyoyi a gonar gaba ko kusa da ƙofar. A nan, a matsayin mai mulkin, koyaushe yana da haske sosai, kuma akwai ƙarin kulawa don raspberries saboda tsire-tsire suna "a koyaushe".

Kasar gona. Kafin dasa shuki raspberries, shirye-shiryen ƙasa ya haɗa da tono, loosening da takin zamani:

• yankin da aka zaɓa an haƙa har zuwa zurfin 32 cm (matsakaicin shebur bayonet) ko ƙari kaɗan;
• an cire ciyayi;
• ana amfani da takin mai magani - zuwa makirci na 3 m², cakuda kilogiram na 12 na humus, 80 g na potassium da 170 g na superphosphate an shirya;
• dugasa ta sake haɓaka, sa’an nan ya warwatse.
• Ana shirya ramuka ko ramuka a ƙarƙashin bushes. Tsarin saukowa na iya zama daban, wannan manuniya ya dogara da nau'in da aka zaɓa da kuma wurin layuka (ɗaya ko da yawa a layi daya) - 2.5 × 0.5 m, 1.8 × 0.7 m.

Girma raspberries daga tsaba

Mahimmanci! Lokacin girma raspberries daga tsaba, ya zama dole yin la'akari da cewa ba fiye da 50% zai girma daga duk kayan da aka shuka, kuma halaye na tsire-tsire masu haifar zasu iya bambanta sosai daga iyayen. Yawanci, ana amfani da wannan hanyar ta masu shayarwa don haifar da sababbin nau'ikan.

Samun iri

1. Domin samun ingancin iri kuma da hakan ya haɓaka germination, ya zama dole don zaɓar ripened kawai, har ma da mafi kyawun, berries overripe.
2. A hankali matsi ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga berries, don wannan dalili zaka iya amfani da karamin strainer.
3. Sanya dabbar da ke fitowa daga cikin akwati ka zuba ruwa mai sanyi. Shaƙa. Bayan wannan, tsaba masu laushi zasu tashi, za'a iya jefa su lafiya. Maimaita hanya sau 5.
4. Dry da tsaba a cikin wani ventilated, dumi wuri. A wannan yanayin, dole ne a tabbatar da cewa hasken rana kai tsaye ba ya fadi a kan zuriyar.

Dasa tsaba

1. Fasaha don girma raspberries daga tsaba ya dogara da lokacin shuka, i.e. bazara ko faduwa:
   • kaka - ana yin shuka ne a cikin ƙasa buɗe, zurfin seeding shine 2 cm, an rufe tsaba tare da cakuda yashi da humus, ana ɗaukar abubuwan cikin daidai;
   • bazara - pre-germination na tsaba a cikin saba ikon seedlings yana ba da kyakkyawan sakamako. An shirya substrate ƙasa daga yashi, ƙasa lambun da peat, duk abubuwan da aka gyara dole ne su kasance cikin rabo na 1: 1. Zurfin shuka a cikin akwati shine mm mm 4-6. Bayan haka, ana yin abin sha na yau da kullun sau ɗaya a cikin kowane kwanaki 4 kuma a haɗa shi da maganin urea sau ɗaya a cikin shekaru goma.

2. Dasa seedlings girma a gida a cikin ƙasa ne da za'ayi a cikin ƙasa tattalin, bisa ga saba makirci.

Shawara! Kuna son samun amfanin gona mai kyau, amma ku zauna a yankin arewacin, inda sanyi, gajere lokacin bazara? - Gwada girma raspberries a cikin greenhouse. Irin wannan fasaha zai sa ya yiwu a cimma tsarin zazzabi kamar yadda yake a kusa da yadda ya dace da wannan al'adar.

Girma raspberries bisa ga hanyar Sobolev

Babban bambanci tsakanin narkarda bishiyoyi bisa ga hanyar Sobolev daga hanyar gargajiya ita ce sarewar bishiyar, wacce aka yi ta matakai biyu:

1. Guguwar (ƙarshen Mayu) - fiɗa na rassan shekarar bara, musamman, a kaikaice da tsakiyar harbe, an yanke su ta hanyar 5-14 cm. Wannan hanya tana ba da gudummawa ga ƙirƙirar yawancin shinge, haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa da kuma gagarumin faɗaɗawar lokacin 'ya'yan itace.
2. Autumn - fi na an finimmed zuwa ingantaccen toho (game da 8-14 cm) a cikin sprouted harbe na farko shekara, da tsawon datsa ya dogara da iri-iri.

Irin wannan dabarar agrotechlete na ba da gudummawa ga ƙirƙirar daji, kulawa mai sauƙi da haɓaka haɓaka rassan ragowar. Kuma abin da ke da muhimmanci, a kan yanke harbe ƙarin buds tashi, daga abin da laterals an kafa (a kaikaice rassan).

Yadda ake shuka raspberries bisa ga hanyar Sobolev - tukwici da nuances

Masu kula da lambun galibi suna sha'awar tambayoyi: Yadda ake shuka raspberries bisa ga hanyar Sobolev? Wadanne matsaloli da nuances na iya tashi tare da wannan hanyar girma raspberries? Me kuma yakamata ayi, kuma ba menene ba?

Sabili da haka, a tsari - tukwici da dabaru:

1. Na farko, dasa shuki lokacin bazara shine farkon, wannan shine babban magana yayin wannan aikin. Mafi kyawun lokaci shine kwanakin ƙarshe na Mayu, an yanke firshin harbe, tsayin daka wanda yake cikin kewayon daga rabin mita zuwa mita. Don lokacin da ya rage kafin lokacin sanyi, ƙananan ragowar buds na 4-6 za su farka su yi girma zuwa cikin harbe a kaikaice, kuma yana da matukar muhimmanci cewa fure da suka bayyana akan ƙarshen suma zasu sami lokacin yin bacci kuma a shirye domin hunturu.
2. Zaɓin iri-iri - ya kamata ka san cewa an tsara hanyar da farko don:
   • iri tare da ƙarancin ikon harba samuwar;
   • Shekaru 3-4 na tsirrai.
   • tsufa, tare da low samuwar harbe, tsire-tsire.

Iri daban-daban tare da haɓaka mai yawa na ɗimbin yawan zuriya da harbe-harben abubuwa, kafin amfani da hanyar Sobolev, na buƙatar mahimmin haske. M cikin bushes ya rage tasirin hanyar kuma yana bayar da gudummawa ga ci gaban cututtuka irin su daskararre da tabar wiwi, da kuma lalacewar tsirrai tare da ɗanɗano mai tsayi da ɗan itacen rasberi.

Ka'idodi na asali don kulawa da rasberi bisa ga Sobolev:

1. Duk da gaskiyar cewa al'adun sun fi son ƙasa mai laushi, wuce gona da iri ba abu ne da za a yarda da shi ba, saboda wannan yana haifar da jujjuya tushen tsarin, bayyanar cututtuka da elongation daga rassa zuwa girma. Don kula da ma'aunin ruwa da ake buƙata, ana yin mulching tare da sabon doki ko dabbar saniya. Tsarin ciyawa mai kauri 15 cm lokacin farin ciki, wanda aka rarraba a kan kasar gona kusa da rasberi bushes, bayan ya zubar da ruwa, ya samar da kwano mai yawa, wanda yake riƙe da danshi sosai da kuma bazu akan lokaci, kyakkyawar taki ne ga shuka.

Shawara! Idan ba zai yiwu a sayi taki, ana iya yin mulching tare da peat, shavings, sawdust ko takin.

2. A cikin bazara da farkon lokacin bazara, kasar gona a karkashin rasberi ya kamata ya kwance. Dole ne a yi wannan a hankali, yana shafawa ƙasa ƙasa zuwa zurfin da bai wuce 3 cm ba, in ba haka ba tushen tsarin matasa, m harbe za a iya lalace.
3. A cikin kaka, kafin hunturu, dukkan tsire-tsire suna tanƙwara ƙasa (nesa daga rassa zuwa ƙasa 40 cm), ana haɗa su da slingshots na katako kuma an rufe su da kayan murfin.
4. Kowane shekara 2-3, wajibi ne don amfani da takin ƙasa zuwa ƙasa; humus, taki da takin ma'adinai sun fi dacewa da waɗannan abubuwan. Lokacin da aka haɗu, i.e. gabatarwar takin gargajiya da ma'adinai a lokaci guda, masu fasaha na aikin gona suna ba da shawara game da rage allurai biyu, dangane da 1 m² - 3 g na nitrogen, 1.6 kilogiram na taki, 4 g na potassium da 3 g na phosphorus.