Hippeastrum wata itaciya ce mai girma a cikin iyali na amaryllis tare da ganye masu tsayi da manyan furanni na kyakkyawa mai ban sha'awa, suna rawanin gwanaye. Hanya mai shuɗewa ba za ta bar rashin kulawa ba ko da waɗanda ba sa ƙaunar furanni. Wannan wani yanki ne mai matukar ban sha'awa na 'yan asalin Afirka ta Tsakiya, inda akwai kusan nau'ikan Hippeastrum 75. Sunan halittar ya fito ne daga Girkanci. hiperos - cavalier da tauraron sama - tauraro. A cikin wannan labarin, zamuyi magana game da dukkanin rikicewar haɓakar hippeastrum a cikin ɗaki.
Hippeastrum Leopold (Hippeastrum leopoldii).
Bayanin Botanical na shuka
Hippeastrum (Hippeástrum), Dangin Amaryllis. Gida na - Amurkawa na wurare masu zafi. Kimanin nau'ikan 75 sun zama ruwan dare a cikin yanayi. A halin yanzu, akwai nau'ikan da yawa daban-daban waɗanda suka bambanta a cikin siffar da launi na furanni, dukkaninsu an haɗo su a cikin jinsin Hippeastrum lambun (Hippeastrum hortorum).
Hippeastrum yana da babba - har zuwa 20 cm a diamita - kwan fitila, wanda rabinsa yake da zurfi a cikin ƙasa. An tattara ganyayyaki daga hipastastrum na wani nau'in bel-bel a cikin wani muhimmin rosette, kusan tsayi cm 50. An tattara furanni a cikin guda 2 a cikin laima mai siffar laima a kan tsayi (har zuwa 1 m) peduncle. Perianths suna da fadi, har zuwa 20 cm a diamita, kararrawa, mai dumbin launuka iri-iri: fari, ruwan hoda, ja, burgundy, rawaya, motley. Ya na da manyan kan gado masu duwawu masu haske. Hippeastrum blooms a watan Fabrairu - farkon Maris.
Tarihin namo Hippeastrum
Yunkurin fitar da amaryllis da hippeastrum a cikin ƙasashe masu tsaftataccen yanayi da yanayin sanyi ya zama mai yiwuwa ne kawai daga ƙarshen karni na 17, lokacin da aka fara aikin gina gidajen katako a cikin lambunan Botanical da wuraren zama masu zaman kansu. Masu ba da agaji na ƙasashen waje sun kawo masu safarar teku, botanists da mafarautan farauta waɗanda traders yan kasuwa ke ƙarfafawa.
A cikin ƙarni na 18, yawancin ɗalibai na C. Linnaeus sun shiga cikin balaguro masu haɗari masu haɗari waɗanda suka ƙare wani lokacin cikin baƙin ciki. AmmarllAmaryllis) - magabacin Hippeastrum (Hippeastrum) - an sanya shi a cikin 1737 a cikin aikin "Hemera plantarum". Tsire-tsire na Botany da ake magana a kai an da ake kira lilies (Lilium) da zakoki (Lilio narcissus).
A cikin bayanin gonar magajin garin Amsterdam, G. Cliffort, Linnaeus ya ambaci nau'ikan amaryllis huɗu, ciki har da A. kyakkyawa (A. belladonna), kuma a cikin sanannen littafin 'Spe Spear plantarum (1753), ya ba da nau'ikan tara na amaryllis. Daga baya, kan aiwatar da bincike na botanical, kwatankwacin abubuwan amaryllises daga Mexico, Venezuela, Peru, Brazil da sauran ƙasashe sun bayyana.
A cikin 1821, W. Herbert ya kafa sabon salo - Hippeastrum. Ya danganta shi da nau'ikan Amurkawa sama da 15 waɗanda shi da kansa ya gano ko aka buga tun da farko, gami da wasu daga cikin amininllis na Linnaeus. Sunayensu da suka zama sun zama daya. Daga baya, yawancin botanists sun bayyana yawancin hippeastrum, alal misali, R. Baker - nau'in 25, R. Philippi - kusan 15, X. Moore - fiye da 10. Yanzu akwai kwatancen kusan nau'ikan hippeastrum 80 da nau'in amaryllis.
Hippeastrum ya samu sunaye na zamani daga nesa kai tsaye bayan kwatancin wannan asalin ta Herbert. Rikice rikice da rikicewa sun yi mulki na dogon lokaci a cikin karatun wadannan tsire-tsire. Gaskiya ne, wasu nau'in, waɗanda ake kira amaryllises, ana kiran su zuwa hippeastrum, wasu "sunyi ƙaura" zuwa maƙwabta, kusa da haɓaka.
Hippeastrum da aka haɗu (Hippeastrum pardinum).© Rottismix
Iri Hippeastrum
Hippeastrum Leopold (Hippeastrum leopoldii) - lan zagaye farji, 5-8 cm a diamita tare da gajeren wuya. Ganyayyaki suna da nau'in bel-45-60 cm. Peduncle ƙarfi biyu-flowered. Furanni 11-14 cm tsayi da 17-18 cm a diamita, ja a tsakiyar fari a kolin. Corollary pharynx ne mai launin kore-fari. Yana fure a cikin kaka. Ya haɗu a kan dutse mai tuddai na tsaunuka a cikin Andes na Peruvian.
Hippeastrum da aka gani (Yin afuwa akan afuwa) - tsirrai har zuwa 50 cm tsayi. Ganyayyaki suna haɓaka bayan bayyanar furanni, suna da kamannin ɗamara, 40-60 cm tsayi kuma har zuwa 5 cm faɗin, ana matsawa daga gindin zuwa 2-2.5 cm. Furanni a kan shinge na 3-5cm tsayi, mazurari mai siffa; tsinkayen 10-12 cm tsayi; pharynx mai launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi; furanni masu tsini-mai kamannin jiki, 3.5-4.5 cm m, mai launin kore-kore, cream, tare da laushi mai launin shuɗi kuma a cikin ƙananan ƙananan aibobi masu launin ja; furannin waje suna da fadi fiye da na ciki. Yana fure a cikin hunturu da bazara. An samo shi a kan dutsen mai kwari na tsaunuka a cikin Andes na Peruvian.
Hippeastrum (Hippeastrum psittacinum) - tsirrai 60-90 cm tsayi. Kwan fitila mai girma, 7-11 cm a diamita. Ganyayyaki suna da kama da ɗamara, galibi 6-8, 30-50 cm tsayi kuma tsawonta 2.5-4 cm, launin shuɗi. Peduncle mai ƙarfi, tare da furanni 2-4. Furanni 10-14 cm tsayi; bututun yana da kambi mai kyau, kore-ja a wuya; petals oblong, 2.5-3 cm fadi, nuna, tare da ja gefuna, tare da koren launin kore ko rawaya mai launin shuɗi, rawaya-ja rawaya a tsakiya. Yana fure a cikin bazara. Yana girma a cikin gandun daji na kudancin Brazil.
Hippeastrum sarauta (Hippeastrum reginae) - pasthenia 30-50 cm tsayi. Kwan fitila zagaye ne, 5-8 cm a diamita (mahaifa kwan fitila rauni 'yar kwararan fitila). Ganyayyaki sune layi-lanceolate, tsayin 60 cm kuma tsawon 3.5 cm a tsakiya, yana matsawa zuwa 1.5 cm a ginin (ya bayyana bayan fure). Peduncle tare da furanni 2-4. Perianth 10-14 cm tsayi; bututu mai fasali mai kauri, ja, mai launin shudi-kore mai launin shuɗi a cikin makogwaro; petals obovate, nuna, 2.5-3 cm fadi a tsakiyar. Yana fure a cikin hunturu da bazara. Yana girma a cikin gandun daji a Mexico, Antilles, Amurka ta Tsakiya, Brazil, da Peru.
Hippeastrum raga (Hippeastrum reticulatum) - tsirrai 30-50 cm tsayi. Kwan fitila karami ce, tare da gajere. Ganyayyaki suna lanceolate, sau da yawa 4-6, tsawon 30 cm kuma faɗin 5 cm, matsawa zuwa tushe, na bakin ciki, kore. Peduncle yana ɗaukar furanni 3-5. Perianth 8-11 cm tsayi; furanni obovate, kambori mai kamanni, 2.5 cm m a tsakiyar, malve-ja, tare da yawa veins duhu. Yana fure a cikin kaka, har sai Disamba. Yana girma a cikin gandun daji na kudancin Brazil.
Hippeastrum raga (Hippeastrum reticulatum var. Striatifolium) - ya bambanta da Hippeastrum reticulatum cikin ganye tare da fararen madaidaiciya madaidaiciya a tsakiyar, manyan, furanni masu launin shuɗi-ja.
Hippeastrum m (Hippeastrum striatum / striata / rutilum) - tsirrai 30-60 cm tsayi. Kwan fitila zagaye ne, 5-9 cm a diamita, tare da gajerun wuyansa da kodadadden katangar waje. Bar 30-40 cm tsawo da kuma 4-5 cm m, haske kore. Peduncle mai launin shuɗi-kore, tsawon 30 cm, mai laushi, tare da furanni 2-6. Perianth 7-12 cm tsayi; furanni 2-2.5 cm fadi a tsakiyar, nuna; kwalliya ta ciki tana huɗa ƙasa, tare da keɓaɓɓun keel zuwa rabin abin fure. Yana fure a cikin hunturu da bazara. Ana samo shi a cikin gandun daji a wurare mara nauyi a kudancin Brazil.
Hippeastrum m iri mai ma'ana iri-iri (Hippeastrum striatum var. Acuminatum) - ganye suna da bel-like-lanceolate, tsawon 30-60 cm kuma tsawon 3.5-5 cm, an rufe shi da wani fure mai haske a saman, mai duhu mai tushe. Peduncle 50-90 cm tsayi, zagaye, tare da furanni 4-6 (wasu lokuta 2 haɓaka 2 suna tasowa). Furannin sun fi girma irin na Hippeastrum striatum, mai launin shuɗi, a gindi tare da matsayin tauraro mai launin shuɗi-kore.
Hippeastrum m, lemun tsami iri-iri (Hippeastrum striatum var citrinum) - lemun tsami furanni.
Hippeastrum m (Hippeastrum striatum var fulgidum) - kwararan fitila manyan, 7-11 cm a diamita (siffofin 'yar kwararan fitila, da abin da shuka, yafi yada). Ganyayyaki iri ɗaya ne da na Hippeastrum striatum, amma yaɗaɗɗa. Perianth 10-14 cm tsayi; petate petals, tsawon 8-11 cm, mulufi, a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren tare da keel na kore; filayen waje na 2.5,5 cm; ciki 1.5-2 cm fadi a kasan.
Hippeastrum m (Hippeastrum elegans / solandriflorum) - tsirrai 45-70 cm tsayi. Kwan fitila mai ban sha'awa, babba, 7-11 cm a diamita, tare da ɗan gajeren wuya. Ganyayyaki suna da kama da ɗamara, har zuwa 45 cm tsayi da faɗi 3-3.2 cm. Peduncle tare da furanni 4 zaune a kan shinge 2.5-5 cm tsayi. Furannin furanni masu launin farar fata ne, mai girma, tsawon 18-25 cm, mai launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi, tare da dogayen tsayi, 9-12 cm tsayi, bututun silifa, kore, an rufe shi da tuffa mai launin shuɗi ko ratsi, m; petals obovate, 10-13 cm tsayi kuma 2.5-4 cm fadi, a cikin ratsi ja. Yana blooms a Janairu, kazalika a watan Mayu da Yuni. Tana zaune a cikin gandun daji na arewacin Brazil zuwa Columbia da Venezuela.
Hippeastrum taguwar (Hippeastrum vittatum) - tsire-tsire masu tsayi 50-100 cm tsayi. Kwan fitila zagaye ne, 5-8 cm a diamita. Ganyayyaki, ciki har da 6-8, suna da kamannin bel, kore, tsawon 40-70 cm (sun bayyana bayan furanni). Peduncle tare da furanni 2-6 a kan shinge 5-8 cm tsayi. Perianth 10-17 cm tsayi, tare da bututu mai fasali mai kauri 2.5 cm tsayi. Petals suna da girma-ovate, an nuna su a cikin biri, 2.5-4 cm fadi, fararen a gefuna, tare da farin madaidaicin tsinkaye tsakanin gefuna da keel na tsakiya, a cikin lilac-ja. Yana fure a lokacin rani. Yana girma cikin gandun daji a kan dutsen maɓuɓɓu na tsaunuka a cikin Andes na Peruvian.
Royal Hippeastrum (Hippeastrum reginae). ©S dubulf
Zaɓin kwan fitila, dasa shuki, hirar
Lokacin zabar kwararan fitila na hippeastrum, ɗauka da mahimmanci. A hankali bincika kowane albasa. Ya kamata su zama santsi, nauyi, tare da bushe Sikeli-launi launin ruwan kasa, tare da tushen rayuwa mai kyau.
Lokacin sayen saƙar fata a cikin tukunya, riga tare da ganye, kula da bayyanar ta. A cikin ingantaccen shuka, ganyayyaki masu haske ne mai kauri, mai haske, ana kiyaye su sosai akan sansanonin su. Mai rauni da mara lafiya - drooping da dull.
Idan iyakokin jan tare da aya a kan kwan fitila hipastastrum alamu ne na cutar naman kaza (kona ja ko ja ja). Zai fi kyau mu guji irin wannan siyayya: dole ne a kula da tsiron.
Mataki na gaba shine saukowa. Hippeastrum yana girma a kowace gonar lambu. Amma iyakar decorativeness ana iya cimmawa idan abun da ƙasa zai kasance kamar haka: turfy ƙasa, humus, peat a cikin rabo na 1: 2: 1 tare da ƙari na itace ash da abincin kashi. Za a iya maye gurbin ƙarshen tare da superphosphate na biyu (cokali 2 2 a cikin lita 1). Phosphorus yana ba da tsire-tsire tare da fure mai fure.
Tukunyar hipeastrum kada ta kasance mai yawa: nisa tsakanin bangon sa da kwan fitila shine kaurin yatsa. In ba haka ba, furen zai girma tushen tsarin, ganye mai laushi, sa yara, ya ƙi fure. Amma a lokaci guda, iyawar ya kamata ya kasance tsayayye, tunda shuka tana da girma, furanni a wasu nau'ikan sun isa 20-22 cm a diamita. Suna da nauyi musamman a siffofin terry. Kuma kwan fitila yayin dasa an binne shi tsayin 1/2, wato, ana iya ganin rabin shi daga tukunya.
A kasan tukunyar, ana daskarar da farar ƙasa tare da wani yanki na 1-2 cm, an zuba tudun ƙasa, an sanya kwan fitila a kai, an kafa tushen a hankali kuma an rufe su da ƙasa zuwa tsakiya.
Ba za a iya shayar da shuka da aka dasa ba daga bisa - ana iya haɗa ƙasa, wanda zai haifar da lalata tushen sa. Zai fi kyau ruwa a cikin kwanon rufi.
Ana dasa bishiyoyin matasa a kowace shekara a farkon bazara tare da cikakken canjin ƙasa, da kuma ƙarfin hippeastrum mai ƙarfi - sau ɗaya kowace shekara 2-3, jim kaɗan bayan fure. Wannan ya kamata a yi a hankali sosai, da hankali kada ku lalata ganyayyaki. Tsakanin transplants, ana canza saman Layer na ƙasa a cikin tukunya a shekara.
Hippeastrum raga (Nippeastrum reticulatum).
Hippeastrum yanayi da kulawa - a takaice
Zazzabi A lokacin girma kakar optimally + 17 ... + 23 ° С. Yayin dormancy, ana adana kwararan fitila a + 10 ° C.
Haske Haske ya bazu. Shade daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Bayan fure, cikakken hasken rana ya zama dole don haɓakawa da tsufa da kwararan fitila.
Watse da kwatangwalo. Yalwatacce a lokacin furanni - kasar gona ya kamata ya kasance mai laushi koyaushe. A hutawa, ci gaba da bushewa.
Lokacin hutawa. An yanke kara kawai lokacin da ya bushe. A hankali an rage ruwa sosai, sannan a daina shayarwa gaba daya. Ragowar zai kasance makonni 6-8 daga Fabrairu. Sannan za'a iya fitar da kwan fitila daga tukunya, '' '' '' '' '' an rabu kuma an dasa shuka uwa.
Hippeastrum taki. Sau ɗaya kowane zuwa makonni biyu tare da takin ruwa na ciyawa na tsire-tsire na cikin gida, diluted a cikin maida hankali ne mai ƙirar masana'anta ya yi. Manyan riguna na farawa da zaran an fara fure, kuma a gama lokacin da ganyayyaki suka fara bushewa.
Haushi Idan shuka yana cikin ɗaki tare da busasshiyar iska, to, zaku iya fesa buds a kai. Kar a fesa furanni ko ganye, har da kwararan fitila yayin dormancy.
Hippeastrum dashi. Kimanin sau ɗaya kowace shekara 3-4, a lokacin dormant. Asa daga sassan 2 na yumɓun yumɓu, 1 ɓangaren ƙasa mai ganye, 1 yanki na humus, 1 yanki na peat da 1 ɓangaren yashi.
Hippeastrum mai launin ja (Hippeastrum striatum / striata / rutilum).
Siffofin girma hippeastrum
Hippeastrum suna da daɗi da hoto, amma ya kamata a kiyaye su daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Hakanan wajibi ne don kauce wa dumama daga tukunyar, saboda kwan fitila da tushen sa suna kula da yawan zafi. Jin girma akan windows yana fuskantar kudu, kudu maso gabas ko kudu maso yamma.
Yayin girma da fure, hippeastrum yana jure yanayin zafi dakin sosai (har zuwa 25 ° C). A lokacin rani, ana iya fitar da shi zuwa cikin sararin sama, ya kamata a kiyaye shi daga hazo, don guje wa gurɓatar ruwa na ƙasa. A lokacin girma, suna buƙatar haske mai yawa da zafi, ƙari, sun fi dacewa da bushewa na matsakaici fiye da zuwa ruwa.
Daban-daban na hippeastrum, wanda ganyayyaki suka mutu, bayan fure, ana shayar da ruwa a hankali, sannan idan ganyayyaki suka bushe, sai aka canja shuka zuwa bushe, dakin duhu mai zafin jiki na + 10 ... + 12 ° C, zaku iya kiyaye kwan fitila a zazzabi na 5-9 ° C. Wajibi ne a tabbatar da cewa murfin da kwan fitila baya bushewa. Ana shayar da tsire-tsire a hankali daga saucer. Ana cire ganyen bushewa a hankali.
Don fita daga lokacin da ake ciki, an sanya tukwane tare da kwararan fitila a cikin wani wuri mai ɗorewa, zai fi dacewa da zazzabi na 25-30 ° C, ba a shayar da su har sai da farfajiyar ta bayyana, bayan wannan ana shayar dasu da yawa na kwanaki da ruwa mai ɗumi. Lokacin da kibiyoyin fure suka bayyana akan kwararan fitila, ana sa su akan taga. Lokacin da farfajiyar ta isa 5-8 cm, tsire-tsire suna fara yin ruwa tare da ruwa akai-akai a ɗakin zazzabi.
A farkon ruwa da yalwatacce, ramin furanni yana yin ƙasa a hankali, amma ganyayyaki suna girma da kyau. A wasu nau'ikan kwatancen gogaggun, suna fitowa ne kawai a lokacin fure. Yayin da farfajiyar tayi girma, a hankali ana shaɗa ruwa har furanni ya bayyana, duk da haka, tilas ne a guji yawan shaye-shaye.
Lokacin da kibiya furen ya kai tsawon 12-15 cm, ana shayar da tsire-tsire tare da haske mai haske na ruwan hoda na potassiumganganate, kuma kwanaki 5-6 bayan wannan hanya, ana amfani da takin mai magani na phosphorus. Shuke-shuke yawanci Bloom wata daya bayan harbi. A cikin wasu kwararan fitilar hippeastrum, kibiyoyi biyu suna girma.
Rage tsire-tsire koyaushe ya kamata a aiwatar da su a hankali don kada ruwa ya faɗi akan kwan fitila. Za a shayar da shi da kyau daga kwanon ruɓi da ruwan dumi, ƙara shi har zuwa lokacin da aka gama zubar da yaƙin. Lokacin yin ruwa daga sama, ya zama dole don guje wa samun ruwa a kan kwan fitila.
Danshi a rayuwar tsirrai baya taka muhimmiyar rawa. Daga ƙura ya fi kyau a wanke ganye lokaci-lokaci a ƙarƙashin ɗumi mai ɗumi ko shafa tare da soso mai laushi.
Tushen Hippeastrum suna da matukar raunin rashi oxygen kuma sun mutu cikin gauraya ƙasa mai nauyi. Soilasan ƙasa don kafaɗɗen hular hijirar ƙasa tana cike da turɓayar ƙasa, humus-rotted humus, peat da ƙasan yashi a cikin rabo na 2: 1: 1: 1. Yana da amfani don ƙara wasu daga takaddun ƙwayoyin phosphate na dogon lokaci (superphosphate, abincin kashi).
An zaɓi tukunyar hipeastrum daidai da girman kwan fitila: nisan da ke tsakaninta da bangon tukunyar ya zama bai wuce cm 3 ba. Dole ne a shimfiɗa shimfiɗa, tsakuwa ko yumɓu mai shimfiɗa a ƙasa don malalewa tare da Layer na har zuwa 3 cm. A ƙarƙashin ƙwanƙashin kwan fitila, an zuba yashi tare da wani yanki na cm cm 1. Lokacin da aka shuka, an binne kwan fitila ta rabi daga tsayinsa.
Ciyar da dammar hippeastrum a farkon lokacin girma (samuwar ganye) sau daya a kowane makwanni biyu tare da taki ma'adinan ruwa na tsire-tsire, kuma idan aka jinkirta samuwar ganye - takin don tsire-tsire na fure, wanda zai taimaka ga samuwar furen fure. Hakanan akwai irin wannan zaɓi: babban sutura yana farawa da bayyanar ganye kuma ana ba shi sau biyu a wata, yana jujjuya da takin gargajiya da takin ma'adinai (Tasiri, Palma, Haihuwa, da sauransu).
Musamman darajar hippeastrum shine cigaban halittarsa “shirye-shirye” ne. Ta canza lokacin dasa shuki da kwararan fitila, ana iya sa su yi fure a kusan kowane lokaci na shekara. An tabbatar da daidai lokacin da lokaci ya wuce daga dasa shuki kwan fitila (tare da nunin sama da 7 cm) zuwa fure. A karkashin al'adun masana'antu, tsananin takamaiman zazzabi, zafi, ƙasa, da dai sauransu ana kiyaye matakan zafi a cikin gidajen katako .. Ba zai yiwu a ƙirƙirar irin waɗannan yanayi a gida ba, amma har yanzu da yawa suna ci gaba da haɓaka. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar sanin tsarin su, ilmin halitta da fasaha na aikin gona da kyau.
Lokacin sayen, dole ne ka zaɓi ƙyalƙyalin hular hipeastrum: ba lalacewa, aƙalla 7 cm a diamita kuma, ba shakka, ba tare da alamun “ƙona wuta” ba. Idan an yi zaɓin, kar a yi saurin dasa shuki a kai tsaye. Da farko, sanya shi a cikin wani wuri mai haske, kodadde, ya bushe shi tsawon kwanaki 6-8, sannan dasa shi a cikin yashi mai tsabta don haɓaka ci gaban Tushen da ya bayyana a ƙarshen hunturu, sannan sai aka dasa fitila.
Juyin mahaɗan mahaifa ba lallai ba ne a shekara. Ana iya yin wannan sau ɗaya kowace shekara 2-3, amma sai bayan lokacin hutu na gaba ya zama dole don maye gurbin saman duniya tare da cakuda abinci mai gina jiki wanda ya ƙunshi sassa daidai na sod, ganye, humus da yashi.
Hippeastrum mai kyauta (Hippeastrum elegans / solandriflorum).
Hippeastrum abinci mai gina jiki
Tufafin kayan miya muhimmin bangare ne na kulawa, tunda tsirin hippeastrum yayi yawa, “ci” sosai kuma mai yawa, kuma ƙimar ƙasa a cikin tukunya ba ta da kaɗan.
Amma takin gargajiya ba dole ne a cire shi nan da nan ba, tunda wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga fitowar cututtukan fungal, kuma masu bulbulo suna da saurin kamuwa da su.
Mafi kyawun takin ma'adinai a gare su za a daidaita su a cikin abun da ke ciki - ka ce, "Kemira" duniya ko a haɗa. Amma a nan yana da mahimmanci kada kuyi overdo tare da maida hankali kan mafita, saboda ƙarar ƙasa ƙanana ne kuma zaku iya ƙone asalinsu. Bari rabo ya zama karamin - 1 g kowace lita na ruwa, amma akai - lokacin girma sau ɗaya a mako.
Abubuwan kwararan fitila na hippeastrum "masu cin abincin" ba zasu yi fure ba ko kuma zai zama silalar ɓarnar fure. Kyakkyawan mai nuna daidaitaccen ci gaban kwan fitila shine yawan ganyayyaki. Ya kamata su zama 7-8.
Idan an ciyar da shuka daidai, to, a watan Satumba-Oktoba, hippeastrum zai sa kibiya fure mai iko - ko ma biyu ko uku. Kuma akan kowane furen akwai manyan furanni har shida.
Zaɓuɓɓuka uku don haɓaka hippeastrum a gida
- An dasa kwan fitila a cikin tukunyar ƙasa, a sanya ta taga kuma a kula da ita a cikin shekarar don shuka don kar ya shiga wani yanayi mai wahala. Bar ganye ci gaba. Tare da wannan kulawa, hippeastrum Bloom a cikin hunturu, bazara (a watan Afrilu) ko a lokacin rani.
- Don shuka ya yi fure ba tare da lalacewa ba a cikin hunturu, a cikin kaka sukan shuka kwan fitila a cikin tukunya, a sa a wuri mai ɗumi sosai kuma kar a shayar da shi har sai wani ya fito ya fito. Sannan a canja tukunyar zuwa taga kuma ana shayar da su daga kwanon rufi da ruwa mai ɗumi. Bayan flowering har sai Agusta - kulawa da aka saba (watering, saman miya). A watan Agusta, ana rage raguwar ruwa, kuma a watan Satumba ne kawai sai su yi laushi da matattar ƙurar ƙasa, a yanka ganyen bushe. Akwai lokacin hutawa, na tsawon watanni 1.5-2. A watan Oktoba, an dasa fitila cikin sabo.
- Ba a dasa ganuwar kwan fitila a cikin kaka ba, amma ana sanya tukunyar tsire-tsire a cikin wani wuri mai ɗumi kuma ana jika shi kawai lokaci-lokaci daga dutsen, yana hana ƙasa bushewa gaba ɗaya. Tare da bayyanar alamun alamun haɓaka, haɓakar hippeastrum yana tafiya dashi. A wannan yanayin, an cire shuka a hankali daga tukunya, tana girgiza ƙasa. Idan dunƙule yana daure sosai ta tushen, to, a hankali ana matse shi daga ɓangarorin tare da dabino, a wanke da ruwan dumi kuma a bar shi ya bushe tsawon wannan rana. Bayan bushe Tushen, an cire matattun da lalacewa. Yanka da aka yayyafa da baƙin gawayi.
Hippeastrum taguwar (Hippeastrum vittatum).
Hippeastrum kiwo
Sake buguwa da tsaba ana amfani da ita ne wajen aikin kiwo. Ana shuka tsaba nan da nan bayan girbi.
Mafi sau da yawa, hippeastrums suna yaduwar ciyawar: ta yara, sikeli da kuma rarraba manyan kwararan fitila. Yawancin yara da aka kafa a cikin hippeastrum ƙanƙane kuma ya dogara da nau'in, iri-iri, har ma da yanayin girma. Yara za su iya bayyana a kowane lokaci na shekara. A lokacin juyawa na gaba, yaran sun rabu - a hankali an watse ko an yanke su. Dole ne a yayyafa shi da foda na gawayi.
Fewan ƙananan forman yara suna da manyan nau'in hippeastrum-Dutch mai ƙarfi, don haka ana yada su da sikeli. An wanke kwan fitila sosai, an yanke ganyayyaki a wuyan tushe, Tushen suna gajarta sosai (har zuwa 2 cm). Sannan an yanke shi zuwa sassa 8-16 tare da wuka, a baya an lalata shi da giya. Kowane ɗayan ɓangarorin da aka samo dole ne su sami sashin ƙasa. Ana yin su da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta mai tushe (tushe).
Bayan wannan, kwararan fitila da kwan fitila ana shuka su cikin kwantena tare da wanke ciyawar da aka bushe a hankali ko kuma gansakuka (sphagnum) wanda ya fi ƙarfin zama a farfajiya. Yakamata yakamata yafaru a zazzabi akalla 20 “C.
Lokacin rarraba babban kwan fitila na hippeastrum, ana shuka shi mai girma - don kasan yana saman dutsen. An yanke sashin na sama (ganye da wuyan tushe), an kebe shi daga sikeli mai rikitarwa da biyu zurfafa a kwance a cikin tsakiya ake yin su. Don haka, ana samun hannun jari guda huɗu, kowane ɗayan yana da tushen sa. Don bushe raunuka da sauri, an saka sandunan katako a cikin incisions (crosswise).
An sanya albasa ta haka an sanya shi a cikin wuri mai haske kuma ana shayar da shi daga tire. Bayan wani lokaci, yara sun kirkiro a gindin kowane lobe. Hanya Hippeastrum a cikin hanyoyi biyu na ƙarshe ya fi kyau a watan Nuwamba, lokacin da sikeli ya ƙunshi iyakar wadatar abinci.
Cututtuka da cututtuka na Hanya
Idan bayan dasa shuki da kwararan fitila Hippeastrum baya girma, duk da cewa yanayin tsare yana da kyau - cire bulbul kuma duba yanayinsa, yakamata ya kasance mai lafiya da tsayayyar taɓawa. Idan kwan fitila bai fara yin girma ba a tsakanin watanni 1.5 bayan dasa shuki, to babu shakka ba zai yiwu ba.
A shekara ta biyu harbi ba ya yin girma daga kwan fitila - wannan yana faruwa idan babu ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin shekarar farko. Koyaushe ci gaba da ciyar da shuka har sai tsohuwar ganye ta bushe.
Ganyen hippoastrum ya zama kamar kore, fure mai zaƙi - watakila ba a shayar da shuka ba na dogon lokaci. A lokacin fure, watering ne da ɗan more yalwatacce sabõda haka, kasar gona ne m ko da yaushe.
Shuka tayi girma sosai da farko, sannan Girma na tafiya bayan kwatsam - lalacewar kwan fitila ta hanyar kwari zai yiwu. Binciko don larvae a cikin ƙasa kuma ku kula da ƙasa tare da maganin kashe kwari.
Furanni sun yi duhu ko baƙi - idan yana da sanyi da (ko) damɓa. Yanke furanni masu lalacewa, kuma sake shirya shuka a wuri mai daɗi.
Hippeastrum furanni juya kyan gani - idan akwai rana sosai. Shayar da kwatancen daga hasken rana kai tsaye.
Ganyen Hippeastrum sun zama nawaya da na huda - idan yayi yawa. Yi manyan ramuka magudanar ruwa da magudanar ruwa a cikin tukunyar. Bada izinin kasar ta bushe kusan gaba daya kafin ruwa na gaba.
Hippeastrum baya fure - idan ba a samar da lokacin da ba mai sanyi ba, idan ba a ciyar da ciyawar a shekarar da ta gabata ba, idan wurin bai da isasshen haske, idan yana da sanyi sosai.
