Fiye da irin dankali iri 260 suna girma a Rasha. Sun banbanta da kansu a cikin rukunin girma, yawan aiki da juriya ga cututtuka. Anyanan dankalin turawa da wuri musamman sanannu ne tare da lambu a cikin Russia saboda ɗan gajeren lokacin girbin su.
Wadannan nau'ikan sun fara girma da haɓaka da zaran ƙasa ta cika zafi zuwa +10 ° C. Girbi amfanin gona na farko na iya farawa bayan fure. A wannan lokacin, tubers tare da fata na bakin ciki sosai. 'Ya'yan itacen da sauri sun rasa danshi, saboda haka ba za'a iya adana shi na dogon lokaci. Irin waɗannan dankali ana cinye su ko ana sayar dasu a kasuwa a lokacin rani. Lokacin da kwasfa tana da ƙarfi (yawanci Agusta - Satumba), zaku iya girbe babban amfanin gona don tanadin dogon lokacin a cikin hunturu.
Lokacin girka iri-iri yawanci yakan dogara ne akan ingancin kayan iri, dasa shuki, isasshen danshi da abubuwan amfani a cikin ƙasa, matakin kare kariya daga tsirrai daga cututtukan fata da cututtuka, har ma da yanayin yanayi.
Mafi kyawun nau'ikan dankalin Turawa da aka shuka a Rasha sune:
- Red Scarlet;
- Bellarose;
- Gala
- Adretta;
- Karatop;
- Zhukovsky da wuri.
Dandana lambu amfani da dasa shuki da dama farkon iri dake dankali. Da fari dai, a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi daban-daban, kowane iri yana nuna halayensa. Kuma yana da wuya a hango ko wane ne zai ba da kyakkyawan sakamako. Abu na biyu, yana da kyau a yi amfani da iri daban daban don dafa abinci: don salatin, iri mai wuya ya fi kyau, kuma ga dankali da aka mashe shi ne mafi kyawun ɗaukar dankali, waɗanda aka dafa sosai.
Bambancin Scarlet Red
Yankin tebur mai haɓaka da wuri wanda aka shigo da shi daga Holland. Lokacin tumatir na dankalin Turawa da yake Scarlet kwanaki 45-70 ne. Mahimmin fasali:
- Tushen Tushen suna da yawa, mai elongated, m a cikin sikelin, yana nauyin 85-120 g. Kwasfa yana da ja a launi, farfajiya tayi laushi, da idanu masu kauri.
- Ganyen yana da rawaya, ba ya yin duhu lokacin lalacewa na inji. Launi bayan lura da zafi baya canzawa. Yayin aikin dafa abinci, dankalin Turawa na Scarlet bashi da haɗari ga duhu kuma ba ya tafasa.
- Abun sitaci shine kashi 10-15%.
- Kyakkyawan juriya ga fari, cututtuka (ƙwayoyin cuta, nematode dankalin turawa na gwal, ƙarshen blight, curl ganye, ƙwayar dankalin turawa).
- Yawan aiki - 400 kg / ha.
- An adana shi a cikin hunturu.
Don tabbatar da yawan amfanin ƙasa dankali na Scarlet dankali, ya wajaba a kwance ƙasa sosai a sashin wuraren da ake samin ƙura don ƙurawar danshi da iska. Wannan ya shafi ci gaban tsarin kirki mai kyau da kuma tushen fi karfi.
Grade Bellarosa
Babbar iri-iri na samar da inganci daga masu shayarwa na kasar Jamus. Lokacin girbi daga dasa zuwa girbi shine kwanaki 45-60. Babban halayen dankali Bellarose:
- Tubersaunukan suna da girma, m a sifa, suna yin kimanin 200 g. Fel ɗin ruwan hoda ne mai launi, farfajiya tayi tsami, tare da ƙaramin ƙananan idanu.
- Jiki na rawaya, ba ya yin duhu a lokacin dafa abinci, yana da rauni sosai ga lalacewa ta ƙasa. Dankali iri-iri Bellarosa yana da narkewa sosai, yana da ɗanɗano-daɗin ɗanɗano.
- Abun sitaci shine kashi 15,7%.
- Soyayya mai tsauri sosai ga cututtuka (ƙwayoyin cuta, nematode, cancer dankalin turawa, ganyen ganye) da fari.
- Yawan aiki shine 400 kg / ha.
- Dankalin dankalin Turawa yana da kyau.
A cikin yankuna mafi yankuna na kudu, zaku iya girbin girbi guda 2 na nau'in dankalin turawa na Bellarose a kowace kakar. Don yin wannan, bayan mun girbe farkon amfanin gona a farkon Yuli, za ku iya sake dasa kuri'a a wofi. Na biyu amfanin gona ya kamata ripen a farkon Satumba.
Dankali Bambancin Gala
Tashi da wuri. Daga dasa shuki zuwa girbi, ya cika kwanaki 70-80. Bayanin Dankali Gala:
- Tushen amfanin gona na matsakaiciyar matsakaici, mai nauyin 100-120 g, suna da madaidaicin oval ko siffar m. Kwasfa tana da launin rawaya, farfajiya kyakkyawa ce, tana da idanu marasa kauri.
- A launi da ɓangaren litattafan almara ya bambanta daga haske zuwa rawaya zuwa duhu rawaya. Tana da dandano mai kyau. Yayin dafa abinci, ba ya tafasa kuma baya duhu.
- Abun sitaci yana da ƙasa 11-13%, sabili da haka, ya dace da abinci mai gina jiki.
- Daya daga cikin mahimman halayen Gala dankalin Turawa shine kyakkyawar juriyarsa da lalacewar injin da lalacewa.
Koyaya, tsire-tsire suna iya kamuwa da cututtukan naman gwari tare da rhizoctonia, sabili da haka suna buƙatar m etching; - Yawan aiki - 340-600 kg / ha;
- An adana shi sosai a cikin hunturu.
Makonni 2 kafin girbi Gala, ana bada shawara cewa farko cire fiɗa gaba ɗaya. Wannan yana ba da gudummawa zuwa tsawon rayuwar shiryayye na tubers a cikin kyakkyawan yanayi.
Bambancin Adretta
Tsakiyar-farkon high-samar da gwaggwabar riba iri-iri kawo wa Rasha daga Jamus. Yin kwalliya na faruwa kwanaki 60-80 bayan dasawa. Babban halaye na iri-iri dankali Adretta:
- 'Ya'yan fure suna da kyau a kamannin su, suna auna 120-140 g. Kwasfa yana launin rawaya a launi, tare da ƙananan idanu masu wuya.
- A jiki ne kodadde rawaya da kyau palatability. An narke sosai a lokacin dafa abinci.
- Abun sitaci shine matsakaici - kimanin kashi 16%.
- Bambancin Adretta yana ƙaruwa da juriya ga yawancin cututtuka, kwari, rot da ƙananan yanayin zafi. Koyaya, yana da saukin kamuwa da irin waɗannan cututtukan: scab, rhizoctoniosis, blight late, da na kafa baƙar fata.
- Yawan aiki shine kilogiram 450 / ha.
- Ya dace da ajiyayyun lokaci.
Tun da yake Adretta dankalin turawa iri-iri ne matsakaici da wuri, yana da kyau a daina overrexpose shi a cikin ƙasa domin kauce wa Rotting of tubers a lokacin ruwa kaka ruwa sosai.
Karatop iri-iri
Tarin tebur na fari Daga dasa zuwa ripening yana ɗaukar kwanaki 50-70. Babban halaye na dankalin dankalin Turawa iri-iri:
- Tubersa'idodin ƙananan ƙananan, m-zagaye a cikin sifa, suna nauyin 90-100 g. Kwasfa yana launin rawaya a cikin launi, farfajiya mai laushi, da ƙananan idanu.
- Nama rawaya ce mai launin shuɗi, tare da dandano mai kyau. Karatun dankalin turawa a cikin Karatop yana riƙe da ingantaccen tsari bayan dafa abinci da launin rawaya mai daɗi.
- Abun sitaci na 14.4%.
- Babban tsayayya da hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri da sauran cututtuka (nematode, cutar dankalin turawa).
- Yawan aiki - 450 kg / ha.
- Yana da ingancin kiyayewa.
Domin amfanin gona, yana da kyau a shuka iri-iri na dankalin Turawa a dandalin da Legumes da ganyayyaki da ake shuka, da kuma lupine akan ƙasa mai yashi.
Dankali iri-iri Zhukovsky da wuri
Earlyarancin farkon tebur dankalin turawa iri-iri wanda bred na gida. Lokacin tumatir din kwana sittin kenan. Babban halayen dankalin turawa Zhukovsky da wuri:
- Tubersasun suna da girma, m, masu nauyin 100-150. Fuskar ƙasa kyakkyawa ce, ruwan hoda mai haske ko m, tare da eyesan idanu masu ruwan hoda.
- A ɓangaren litattafan almara fari, ba ya yin duhu lokacin yankan. Daren dankali na Zhukovsky da wuri ba welded kuma ya dace da gasa.
- Abun sitaci shine 15%.
- Musamman unpretentious da tsayayya ga yawancin cututtuka (nematode, scab, rhizoctonia). Babban tsayayya ga fari da rashin yanayin zafi.
- Yawan aiki shine 380 kg / ha.
- Tare da matsakaici matsakaici da zazzabi, yana iya jurewa har tsakiyar lokacin bazara.
Dankali a farkon Zhukovsky za a iya dasa a watan Afrilu. Koyaya, don kare kan sanyi da kuma ƙara yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa, yana da kyau a rufe dankali da aka dasa tare da agrofiber. Lokacin da barazanar sanyi ta wuce kuma zazzabi sama ta tashi, za'a cire murfin.
Babu shakka, dasa shuki iri-iri na dankali yana da dama da ba za a iya shakkar su ba.
- Yiwuwar haɗaka abubuwan mallakar abubuwan halitta na iri-iri tare da yanayin yanayin da ya dace. Dankali ba zai iya kamuwa da lahanin lahanin fari a ƙarshen bazara.
- Matasa tsire-tsire ba sa da lokacin da za a lalata da ƙwayar dankalin turawa na Colorado, kuma waɗanda suka manyanta sune masu ɗaukar cututtukan cututtukan hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo (aphids, cicadas).
- Smallan ƙaramin adadin magunguna. Sakamakon haka, gurbacewar muhalli da dankalin turawa ta magungunan kashe ƙwari ya kuma rage farashin kayayyaki shima ya ragu
- Iyaka iyaka na m watering.
Koyaya, dasa shuki kawai iri na farkon ripening, za ku iya rasa ba tare da yin hasashen tare da yanayin ba. Sabili da haka, an bada shawara don ware 50% na mãkirci na farkon dankali, kuma dasa sauran a daidai tare da tsakiyar ripening da tsakiyar marigayi iri.
