Ga waɗanda suka yi noma fiye da shekara guda, zaɓar gona don dasa shuki a kakar mai zuwa ba ta da wahala. Amma ga waɗanda ba su da sahihanci a cikin batun aikin lambu, ɗaukar cucumbers don lambun ku yana da matsala, tunda zaɓinsu yana da girma. Amma idan kuka kafa manufa kuma kuyi nazarin bada shawarwarin bisa la’akari da halayen wannan al’adar, zaku iya samun ainihin abin da zai zamar muku mafi kyawun zaɓi.
Bari mu bincika abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da cucumbers kafin yanke shawara na ƙarshe a zaɓin iri-iri.
Kokwamba
Ina muke girma?
Abu na farko da kuke buƙatar farawa lokacin zabar tsaba na isan itacen shi ne rarrabuwa da ire-ire. Me yasa wannan yake da mahimmanci? Saboda yawancin nau'ikan iri da kuma nau'ikan halittu suna ba da shi ta hanyar shayarwa, la'akari da dacewa da al'adun zuwa yanayin yanayin yanki da aka bayar. Wannan yana nufin cewa nau'in kokwamba da aka zaba ba kawai ya nuna kansu mafi kyau a cikin yankin da aka ba da shawarar ba, har ma suna buƙatar ƙarancin aiki don samun wadatar ƙasa.
Ana iya samun bayanai game da yanki a yanar gizo, a tashoshin kiwo, a cikin littattafan kimiyya. Idan babu bayanai akan ire-iren ire-iren ire-iren sha’awa, kuna buƙatar mai da hankali kan lokacin girkinta. Sabili da haka, tsakiyar-farkon kakar da farkon iri da kuma hybrids na cucumbers sun fi dacewa da Tsarin tsakiyar. Don Urals da Siberiya, ba kawai suna da ƙazamin ƙazanta ba ne, amma suna iya jure sanyi, ba masu buƙatar haske ba. 'Yan Kudu za su iya samun nau'ikan da suka dab da dadewa.
Gida ko waje?
Bugu da kari, lokacin zabar iri-iri ko kwalliyar kokwamba, lallai ne a san inda za ku shuka shi, tunda abin da ya fi dacewa da garin kore ba zai yi kyau sosai ba a gadaje na lambu da kuma mataimakinsa.
Mun yanke shawara: nau'in kokwamba ko matasan?
Ganin jakunkuna tare da tsaba, wasu lambu suna da matukar kunya ganin zane "F1" kusa da sunan, amma a banza. Wannan alamar tana nuna cewa ƙarancin da aka gabatar ba na da yawa bane, amma na haɗi ne. Kuma, kamar yadda ka sani, hybrids suna da ƙarin halaye masu haɓaka dangane da iri. Me yasa? Saboda ana bred da yawa shekaru (da kuma wani lokacin shekarun da suka gabata), kuma suna mai da hankali kan ɗauka mafi kyau daga layin iyaye. Sabili da haka, suna da ƙarin ingantaccen germination, da ikon samar da mafi yawan mace fure riga a farkon matakai ('ya'yan itãcen girma daga gare su), ƙara juriya ga da dama cututtuka da m yanayin, da kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa mafi girma.
Iyakar abin da drawarnawar duk nau'ikan tsire-tsire na matasan shine rashin iyawa don kiyaye duk saitin halaye masu kyau a cikin zuriyarsu. Sabili da haka, ba a tattara tsaba na hybrids, amma sun sake saya don sabon kakar.
Kuma me game da iri?
A cikin nau'ikan cucumbers na gida, akwai kyawawan halaye masu yawa waɗanda aka kafa su a wani yanki. Koyaya, yana da ƙimar sabunta su lokaci-lokaci ta hanyar siyan tsaba, tunda a cikin shekaru 3 zuwa 5 nau'in degenerates kuma ya ɓace cikin yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Kokwamba
Me ya sa girma cucumbers?
Lokacin zabar tsaba na kokwamba, yana da matukar muhimmanci a yanke shawara nan da nan ko zai kasance cucumbers don yankan shi cikin salatin, don tsami ko kuma ɗamara. Kada ku ji kunya, a zahiri, dukkan nau'ikan sayarwa ana karkatar da su bisa ga manufar da aka nufa.
An bambanta irin nau'ikan salad da aka salatin da fata mai bakin ciki, suna da dandano mai daɗi mai daɗi, ana nuna su ta hanyar yawan aiki da unpreentiousness. Suna da daɗi a cikin salads, ƙari ko inasa a cikin ɗan gishiri mai ɗan kaɗan, amma cikin salting sun zama masu laushi. Rarraba su abu ne mai sauki - kawai kuna buƙatar kallon launi na tubercles akan fatar, kuma idan fari ne - salatin sa ne!
Amma idan tubercles a kan cucumbers suna da wuya kuma baƙar fata-fiska, fatar tana da yawa - wannan zaɓi ne don zaɓar! Wannan rukuni ya ƙunshi duk nau'ikan Rashan da samarwa na zaɓi na Dutch tare da ƙananan 'ya'yan itatuwa. Abubuwa na ƙarshen ɗumbin suna kasancewa sau da yawa fiye da iri iri na Rasha; nau'in fure mai fure da alamomin alamun balaga, waɗanda ke nuna girman girman fruitan itacen, ana lura dasu. Outgrowing da tsawon aka bayyana a cikin bayanin da matasan, irin wannan cucumbers rasa dandano da taurara.
Akwai nau'ikan cucumbers don amfanin duniya, amma galibi suna ƙanƙantar da ƙasa.
Muna duban lokacin girbi
Gaskiyar cewa cucumbers suna farkon cikakke, tsakiyar cikakke da ƙarshen cikakke ba asirin ba. Amma menene lokaci bayan waɗannan ma'anar?
Nau'in ripening da nau'ikan halittu daga seedlings zuwa farkon fruiting kiyasta kimanin 32 - 40 days. Tsakiyar lokacin - 40 - 50. Late-ripening - daga 50.
Sau da yawa ana nuna lokacin girbi na farko akan jakar tsaba, a cikin bayanin iri-iri, duk da haka, yarda da bayanan da aka ƙayyade yana yiwuwa kawai tare da kulawar da ta dace kuma ba damuwa.
Kuma kuma, mafi farkon iri-iri na cucumbers, ya fi guntu da lokacin fruiting. Daga baya cikakke, da mafi tsayayya wa m tasirin waje da cututtuka.
Kokwamba
Mun mai da hankali ga yanayin haɓaka ɓangaren iska
La'akari da nau'ikan cucumbers, yana da daraja a ambaci cewa dukansu sun rarrabu gwargwadon ka'idodin haɓaka. Akwai kukis na daji, mai gajeren gashi, mai dogon gashi da mai matsakaici. Haka kuma, mafi dadewar sashinsu na iska ya bunkasa, daga baya zasu shiga lokacin 'ya'yan itace su kuma bada dadewa.
Bugu da kari, akwai nau'ikan cucumbers tare da kyakkyawan inganci ko aiki, iyakantacce ko matsakaici da rauni.
Cucumbers tare da aiki Branch karuwa a kaikaice harbe daga kusan kowane kumburi na tsakiya kara kuma suna da dogon lokaci fruiting. Ana amfani dasu don duka rufe da bude ƙasa. Amma a cikin yanayin greenhouse suna buƙatar samuwar, amma a kan lambun za su iya girma ba tare da pinching ba, ba tare da garter, yada shi kyauta a ƙasa.
Don kananan gidaje a yau, a kan siyarwa zaku iya samun yawancin kabeji na cucumbers tare da ikon cin gashin kai. Ya ƙunshi gaskiyar cewa yayin da ake kafa 'ya'yan itace a kan babban tushe, lashes na gefe suna daina girma, lokacin da aka cire babban ɓangaren amfanin gona daga tushe na tsakiya, duk sauran harbe sun fara girma da ƙarfi.
Kokwamba
Irin ire-iren cucumbers tare da karancin jaka suna da ɗan sauki don yin girma. Yawancin harbe a kaikaice na iya samarwa a kansu, amma sun gajarta internodes kuma ana rarrabe su da karamin tsayi. Yawanci, waɗannan su ne hybrids tare da dogon fruiting, an kafa a kan trellises na tsaye, an ba da shawarar for greenhouses, amma kuma an yi amfani da ƙasa a buɗe.
Da wuya Branching cucumbers samar da wani rukuni na precocious sprinter hybrids. Suna yin gwaggwabar riba, tare suka samar da gidan kwai, amma bayan wata na 'ya'yan itace sai suyi asarar karfinsu. Harbe-harbe na kusa da ƙananan, kusan 15 cm a tsayi, sau da yawa ba tare da ganye ba, ƙungiyar internodes gajere ne. Saboda wannan fasalin, ana iya amfani da tsarin saukar da denser zuwa gare su - har zuwa 6 inji mai kwakwalwa. da murabba'in m. (don wasu nau'ikan 2.5 - tsire-tsire 3 a kowace murabba'in mita).
Sanya irin nau'ikan cucumbers suna da kyau ga kudu, rauni da kuma saurin shaƙatawa na musamman don bada shawarar zuwa gidajen kore da ba a buɗe ba kuma yankuna na arewa, dukkanin rukuni uku sun dace da ƙungiya ta tsakiya.
Kada ku manta da nau'in fure
Wani fasalin al'adun da kuke buƙatar sani game da lokacin zabar iri ko matasan shine rabuwa zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi biyu: parthenocarpic da kudan zuma kumbura. Menene bambancinsu?
Parthenocarpic irin cucumbers basu buƙatar pollination ta kwari kuma sabili da haka ya dace musamman don haɓaka a cikin gidajen katako, amma ana amfani dasu a cikin ƙasa bude da kuma mafakar fim na ɗan lokaci. Ta yanayin fure, suna mace ko galibi mace. Koyaya, ikon parthenocarpy alama ce dake amsawa ga yanayin waje: canjin zafin jiki, rashi ko tururuwar danshi na iya rage yawan aiki irin wannan tsirrai.
A kasuwa zaku iya samun nau'ikan cucumbers kuma tare da bayyanar ɓangaren parthenocarpy, suna buƙatar a dasa su tare da pollinator, a cikin kudi na 1 zuwa 10, ko iri tare da karamin kashi na furanni namiji.
Kudan pollinated (giciye-pollinated) irin cucumbers - samar da gidan kwai kawai lokacin da kwari suka lalata (ba lallai bane ƙudan zuma). Suna girma a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa kuma a ƙarƙashin mafaka na ɗan lokaci na fim. Sune hada da hybrids na galibi mace ko mace irin fure sabili da haka na bukatar sake iri iri ko matasan na pollinator, a cikin 1 x 10. Amma akwai kuma hybrids na cucumbers tare da wani irin cakuda fure (a kan tsire-tsire mace da namiji fure), ba bukatan inoculation na pollinator.
Mahimmanci! Lokacin sayen nau'ikan nau'ikan iri daya a lokaci daya, kar a shuka kumburin kudan zuma da tsire-tsire na kusa da na kusa, tunda idan na karshen suna kwari da kwari, fruitsa fruitsanyansu bazai sami madaidaicin tsari ba kuma zasu zama haushi.
Furen a ƙarshen kwai na kokwamba.
Mun lura da dangantakar haske
Baya ga duk abubuwan da ke sama, nau'in kokwamba ya bambanta dangane da rashin haske. Shade-haƙuri yafi amfani da shi don mai da zafi greenhouses a lokacin namo kayayyakin daga Janairu zuwa Yuli. Ana amfani da hotunan hoto a lokacin bazara, ana sanya su ga rukuni na nau'ikan bazara-rani. Amma don gadaje na lambun akwai nau'ikan da suka jure wa inuwa m kyau.
Nawa tsaba saya cucumbers?
Dangane da abubuwan da aka ambata, yana da sauƙi a ƙarasa da cewa yawancin iri da kuma nau'ikan halittu don shafin yanar gizonku suna buƙatar zaɓa. Misali, farkon-farkon, na salati na farkon, na daya ko biyu na matsakaici da daya ko biyu marigayi. Ko kuma: fewan letas, aan kaɗan don keɓaɓɓun, kwanakin rayawa daban-daban ... Burin yakamata ya tafi don inganta lokacin girbi da kuma damar samun cucumbers a kowane yanayi na yanayin.
Hakanan, ana bada shawara don samo sabbin iri da kuma hybrids kowace shekara don ƙayyade tsawon lokaci: wanne iri ne ya fi dacewa don gadaje.
Kuna iya samun tebur na halaye na nau'ikan kokwamba ta hanyar namo, lokacin fitowar, nau'in Branching, nau'in pollination, nau'in amfani, yawan amfanin ƙasa da sauransu a cikin kayan daban: "Teburin halayen nau'in kokwamba".
Hankali! Muna tambayar ku a cikin ra'ayoyin wannan labarin don rubuta nau'ikan cucumbers waɗanda kuka girma, kuma waɗanda kuke so don halayensu. Da fatan kar a manta, ban da sunan, a takaice su bayyana su, sannan a nuna a wace yanki da kuma yadda kuka girma su. Zaku iya post din bita da hotuna a wannan zaren a zauren tattaunawar. Na gode!
Nan gaba kadan, zamu buga jerin nau'ikan kokwamba da halayensu daban.
