Hazel grouse, ko fritillaria (Fritillaria) shine tsire-tsire na herbaceous, wanda keɓaɓɓe cikin dangin lily. Wannan halittar ta hada kusan nau'ikan nau'ikan 150. A cikin daji, ana iya samun irin wannan tsire-tsire a cikin yanayin zafi na Arewacin Hemisphere, a Yammaci ko Gabashin Asiya. Sunan fure fritillary ya fito ne daga Latin daga kalmar "fritillus", wacce ake kira gilashin don jefa dice. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa furannin hazel grouse kuma wannan gilashin suna da kama sosai da siffar. Sunan hazel grouse ya fito ne daga kalmar "pockmarked", wanda a cikin harshen Rasha yana ma'anar "motley".
Fasalin hazel grouse
Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire na waje suna kama da ƙaramin itacen dabino, a saman wanda akwai furanni masu ban sha'awa. Sau da yawa ana kiransu "itacen aljanna." Abun da kwan fitila ya hada da abubuwa da yawa masu yawa kuma masu girman sikeli, wadanda ake sabunta su kowace shekara. Albarkacin albasa akan kwararan fitila babu su, sabili da haka, idan an kula da kulawa ba za su iya samun rauni mai sauƙin gwiwa ba. A kan ganyayyen ganyayyaki a ƙasa akwai ɗimbin yawa na faranti-lanceolate ko faranti masu kwance-layi na layin ƙasa, waɗanda aka warwatse ko kuma suke yin zina. Furen fure mai yuwuwa na iya zama na ɗaya ko kuma kasance cikin ɓangaren dunƙule mai laushi ko laima, wanda yake da ban sha'awa sabili da launi mai launi na shuɗi, ja, rawaya ko fari. Wadannan tsire-tsire sune ephemeroids, a gindin kowane ɗayan faranti akwai wata ƙasan itace, wacce ita ce zagaye, oval ko ɓacin rai. 'Ya'yan itace akwati ne mai farenni shida, a ciki wanda akwai ƙwayaye da yawa, zai iya zama mai fiɗa ko reshe.
Iri da nau'in hazel haɗu tare da hotuna da sunaye
Rarraba tsirin hazel ba shi da sauƙi, amma duk waɗannan ƙwararrun masu sana'a ba lallai ba ne ga mai sauƙin lambu. Belowasan da ke ƙasaitaccen bayani ne game da shahararrun nau'ikan iri da iri a cikin al'ada. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire sun kasu kashi 6.
Sashe Na I Eufritillaria
Ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi 4. A wannan bangare akwai kawai wadancan nau'in wadanda asalinsu shine Rum, Yammacin Turai da Asiya ta Yamma. Hazel grouse shine mafi yawan wakilan wakilcin wannan sashi: an noma shi tun daga 1572, an sanya shi suna saboda launi na furanni suna kama da launi na baki. Bushan daji ya kai tsawan 0.35. furanni masu kararrawa masu ɗaurin hoto ba su da aure, furanni 2 da wuya furanni su girma. Suna da launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi-mai haske da kuma tsarin dubawa. Irin wannan shuka bashi da fasali kuma yana da ire-iren ire-iren siffofin lambu:
- Aphrodite da Alba siffofi ne da fararen furanni;
- Artemis - launi na furanni shuɗi ne mai launin shuɗi;
- Jupiter - yana da manyan furanni na duhu mai launi ja.
Har yanzu suna cikin wannan rukunin irin waɗannan nau'in: Caucasian hazel grouse, chess-like, dutse, Mikhailovsky, allura-petamed, rawaya, da sauransu.
Sashe na II Petilium
Ya ƙunshi jinsunan da suka fi girma a cikin Turkiya, Turkmenistan, Yammacin Himalayas da Northeast Iraq. Ana amfani da kayan sarauta kamar ƙwararrun wakilan wannan sashe (a yau ana kiranta da sarki na sarki). Wannan nau'in ya fito ne daga Turkiyya, an gabatar da shi ga kasashen Turai a cikin 1580, a halin yanzu akwai kusan nau'ikan 20 daban-daban. Wani siyayyar fasalin wannan nau'in itace ƙanshin mara dadi wanda yake fitowa daga kwararan fitila, tushe mai tsayi zai iya kaiwa kusan santimita ɗari. Wanda aka sanya fararen ganye sune fesa lanceolate. Girman daskararren furanni masu launuka masu kusan 6 cm, suna fenti a cikin ruwan lemu, akwai jijiyoyin launin ruwan kasa a saman, kuma a gindin akwai wasu launuka iri ɗaya. Popular iri:
- Aurora. Itataccen daji ba zai iya kaiwa tsayin 0.6 kawai ba .. Launin furanni launin ja-lemun tsami.
- Lutea da Lutea Maxim. Launi na furanni launin shuɗi ne. A tsayi, bushes zai iya isa 1 m da 1.2 m, bi da bi.
- Sulferino. Wannan zaɓi wani zaɓi ne. A saman furanni masu ruwan lemuka akwai jan raga.
Hakanan a wannan ɓangaren shine ƙwarƙwarar hazel grode da Radar Hazel gro Ed Edward.
Sashe Na III Theresia
Akwai wakili guda ɗaya kacal a cikin wannan rukunin, wato, ƙungiyar Farisa, wacce asalin ƙasarta ita ce Yammacin Asiya.
Sashe na IV Rhinopetalum
Wannan ɓangaren ya haɗa da nau'in halittar daga Afghanistan da yammacin China, kamar: hazel grouse, biyu-flowered, Kamchatka da makamantansu. Shahararrun nau'in kayan hazel haɗi:
- Iyakance. Tsawon daji yakai kimanin 0.6 m A saman furanni kore akwai wasu launuka masu launi na zaitun.
- Wayne Roderick. Masu shayarwa 'yan kasar China ne suka kirkiro irin wannan tsarin. Furannin ana fentin ne a cikin launin ruwan ƙofa mai ƙarancin launin fata, fiɗa na kore, akwai alamun launin ja ko launin ruwan kasa-baki.
Sashe na V Korolkowia
A wannan bangare akwai nau'in 1 kawai - Secussov grouse. Wannan tsire-tsire yana da matukar illa ga Asiya ta Tsakiya (a cikin daji ana iya haduwa dashi kawai).
Sashe na VI Liliophiza
Wannan ɓangaren ya haɗa da ra'ayoyi daga Arewacin Amurka. Misali, takalmin hazel: tsayin daji na kusan 0.15 m, furanni mai tsayi-rawaya a saman ciki yana da ƙananan digiri na launin ruwan kasa. A cikin kasashen turai, ana amfani dashi na musamman don yin ado a kanana.
Girma tsintsiya a cikin lambu
Zai bayyana a ƙasa yadda ake girma a cikin lambun fritillaria na sarki, wanda ya shahara sosai tsakanin masu lambu, ko dai kayan sarauta ko kuma kambin sarauta. A tsakiyar latitudes, irin wannan shuka ya fara noma tun karni na 16, amma har ya zuwa yau, adadi mai yawa na lambu ya tona asirin abin da ya shuka. Gaskiyar ita ce duk da ƙoƙari da ƙoƙari na haɓaka irin wannan abincin hazel, sau da yawa ba shi da furanni kwata-kwata.
Fulawa a cikin kayan sarauta ta fara ne kai tsaye bayan murfin dusar ƙanƙara ya narke. Itsanunnun furanni ko furanni-lemun tsami, waɗanda ke kan manyan ɗakuna, suna da ban sha'awa. Ana iya haɗe su da kowane furanni na bazara. A cikin kwan fitila guda, ɗakuna 2 sau da yawa suna girma, tare da sababbin kwararan fitila suna bayyana a gindi. Amma ga 'ya'yan, wannan nau'in yana samarwa kaɗan daga cikinsu, dangane da wannan, farashin su a cikin kwantena na musamman yana da matuƙar hauhawa.
Don irin wannan shuka, ana bada shawara don zaɓar yankin da ke da rana, amma ana iya girma a cikin wurin da aka rufe. Asan da ta dace ya kamata ya kasance mai laushi da matsakaici, haske da cikakken abinci mai gina jiki. Wannan inji yana buƙatar kyakkyawan malalewa mai kyau.
Dasa kayan girki
Wani lokaci don shuka
Bayan kakar girma a cikin tsintsiya, an cire kwararan fitilarsu daga ƙasa kuma a adana su a cikin iska mai bushe da bushe. Adana su har sai asalinsu ya yi girma. Da zaran wannan ya faru, dole ne a dasa kwararan fitila a cikin ƙasa a buɗe. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, lokacin saukowa ya sauka akan kwanakin ƙarshe na watan Agusta ko na farko - Satumba. A lokacin yin ajiya, ya kamata a tuna cewa irin waɗannan kwararan fitila ba su da flakes mai kama da juna, don haka za su iya bushewa da sauri. A wannan batun, bai kamata ku sayi irin waɗannan kayan dasawa a ƙarshen tallace-tallace na kaka ba, tunda, mafi kusantarwa, kwararan fitila sun riga sun bushe kuma ba za su ba da 'ya'yan itace ba. A cikin taron cewa ba ku da lokacin shuka tsintsiya a cikin ƙasa a buɗe a kan lokaci, to, za a iya ajiye kwararan fitila ta ajiye su a kan shiryayye daga cikin firiji (a cikin kayan lambu), bayan da a baya binne su a cikin peat peat. Idan ka dasa waɗannan furanni daga baya fiye da kwanakin ƙarshe na Satumba, to, sai ka kasance da shiri don gaskiyar cewa bazara mai zuwa ba su da alama su yi fure. Kafin dasa, da kwararan fitila dole ne a sanitized a cikin wani bayani na potassium permanganate, sa'an nan kuma dan kadan yafa masa crushed gawayi.
Siffar Saukowa
Da farko kuna buƙatar yin shiri na shafin. Wajibi ne a tono shi, yayin da yake ƙara humus ko peat a cikin ƙasa. Idan ƙasa tana da nauyi, to ana iya gyara ta ta amfani da yashi. Hakanan, wannan tsire-tsire zai yi godiya idan kun gabatar da ash ko lemun tsami a cikin ƙasa. Zurfin saukowa daga tushe shine diamita 2-3 na kwan fitila (kimanin santimita 20-25). Ya kamata a rufe kasan rami da aka shirya tare da yashi. A yayin da ƙasa ta yi nauyi, ana ɗaukar peat rigar maimakon yashi. Bayan haka, sanya kwararan fitila a ƙasa tare da ƙasa zuwa ƙasa. Bayan an daidaita Tushen a hankali, ramin ya cika da ƙasa. Wani ya ɗauki wannan hanya ba saukowa, amma dasawa.
Siffofin Kulawa
Hazel grouse sananne ne saboda rashin fassararsa, saboda haka kula dashi zai dau lokaci daga mai kula da mai ƙarancin lokaci da ƙoƙari, ba shakka, wannan kawai idan bai damu da ƙimar fure ba. Shuka irin wannan fure bada shawarar ga fara lambu. Koyaya, idan kuna son daji na hazel grouse a lokacin fure ya yi kama da kyan gani, to wannan zai buƙaci ƙoƙari a ɓangarenku.
Idan lokacin bazara ya bushe, to, girki zai buƙaci a shayar dashi. A lokaci guda, ku tuna cewa bushewar ƙasa na ƙasa a shafin bai kamata a kyale shi ba. Lokacin da waɗannan furanni suka ƙare lokacin girma, zasu buƙaci a shayar da su sau ɗaya a kowane mako 2 ko 4, saboda kwararan fitila kada su kasance cikin ƙasa mai bushewa. Hakanan, wanda ya isa ya manta da sutturar da ta dace tare da takin zamani. Ana aiwatar da riguna na farko a cikin shekaru goma na uku na Afrilu; don wannan, ana amfani da cakuda abinci mai gina jiki, wanda ya ƙunshi 1 guga na humus hade da 1 tbsp. l nitrofoski da iri guda na "Agricola" don tsirrai masu fure, ana ɗaukar kilogram 4-5 na kowane yanki 1 murabba'i, kuma an rarraba shi saman farfajiyar tare da rufin 40-50 mm. Ana yin riguna na biyu na biyu bayan an fara yin ɗamara, saboda wannan, an watsar da takin bushe akan farfajiyar, don haka, tsawon murabba'in 1, ɗauki 1 babban cokali na potassium sulfate da superphosphate. Sannan dole ne a shayar da wurin.
Kowane lokaci bayan an shayar da shuka, dole ne a cire sako daga shafin. Neman farfajiyar ƙasa bazai yuwu ba, kamar yadda ana iya rauni rauni; maimakon haka, ana bada shawara don cika farfajiyar shafin nan da nan bayan dasa tare da wani yanki na bakin itace na itace, sannan kuma ciyawa tare da humus ko peat, yayin da kauri ya kamata ya zama 30 mm.
Dalilai na rashin fure
Akwai dalilai da yawa don rashin ɗanɗana fure:
- Lokacin bazara ya zama mai daɗi ko kuma sanyi. Dug bayan fure na kwararan fitila, ana bada shawara don dumama su ta hanyar dabi'a kuma yin hakan kafin dasa shuki a cikin busasshiyar ƙasa.
- Onionsanana albasa masu yawa. A cikin abin da yadudduka cewa diamita daga kwan fitila ba ya kai mm 50, to, fure ba zai faru ba, tunda duk dakarunta za a umarce su da gina taro.
- Girma ya yi girma cikin dogon lokaci a yanki guda. A wannan yanayin, idan ba ku tono kwararan fitila ba, to, suna rarraba rayayye, wanda ke rage ƙarar su sosai. A wannan batun, kwararan fitila na matsakaici da manyan manya dole ne a fitar da su, bayan amarya ta yi yawa, kuma a cikin kaka ana sake dasa su, sannan kuma sai a zo bazara mai zuwa.
- Kwararan fitila a kan saukarwa ba daidai ba ne. Idan an dasa kwararan fitila kusa da na ƙasa, za su yi matukar lura da yanayin yanayin mawuyacin hali, saboda haka suna iya yin ɓarna saboda ƙarancin ruwan sama ko kuma za a iya lalata musu tsananin sanyi. Idan aka dasa kwararan fitila sosai, zasu kashe kuzari mai yawa akan tsiro da rayuwa.
- Rongasa mara kyau. Idan kasar gona mai tsananin wuce gona da iri, tana daskarewa sosai a cikin hunturu. Mai yawa ruwa tara a cikin yumbu lãka, abin da sa rot bayyana a kan kwararan fitila. Zaɓi ƙasa mai dacewa don dasawa kuma kar ku manta da yin magudanar ruwa mai kyau.
- Lokacin hunturu yayi sanyi sosai kuma kusan dusar ƙanƙara. Saboda wannan, kwararan fitila kawai daskare. Don guje wa wannan, ya kamata ku yi tsari mai kyau don hunturu. Don yin wannan, an rufe shafin da wani yanki na ciyawa (humus ko peat), kauri wanda zai iya zama daga santimita 10 zuwa 20.
- Lokacin da dabbobi suka mutu, ana adana ovary. A cikin taron cewa ba ku karya dukkanin ƙwayoyin fata a cikin lokaci ba, to, kwan fitila zai yi aiki tare da ci gabansa, kuma ba tare da nasa ba, sabili da haka ba zai sami lokaci don shirya don fure na gaba ba.
Brearfafa kiwo
Lambu, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna komawa zuwa hanyar samun ciyayi na kiwo haan uwan hazel, wato, rarraba kwararan fitila. Yawancin lokaci 1an girma 1 na kayan sarauta suna ba 'yan mata ɗiyan mata kaciya. Ya kamata a lura cewa wannan hanyar haifuwa tayi saurin zama ne, tunda jariran da suka rabu sun girma a buɗe ƙasa shekaru da yawa kafin a fara cikakkiyar fure. Koyaya, wannan hanyar haifuwa ana bambanta shi da amincinsa da ingancinsa.
Idan ana so, zaku iya "tilasta" wani albasa mai girma, samar da jariri. Lokacin da aka haƙa albasa a lokacin rani, ya kamata ku zaɓi mafi girma daga cikinsu kuma cikakkiyar lafiya. Auki kayan aikin haifuwa kuma a cikin mafi yawan ɓangaren kwan fitila suna yin ƙyalƙyali mai narkewa, diamita wanda ya zama 20 mm. Raunin ya kamata ya bushe a cikin iska ba tare da wani magani ba. Sannan an binne shi a cikin yashi (koyaushe yana tsafta da bushe) kuma an tsaftace shi a cikin bushe bushe mai bushe. Bayan ta samo asalin a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na watan Agusta ko na farko - Satumba, an dasa ta a cikin ƙasa, ba tare da taɓawa ba. An cire dukkanin ƙwayoyin fata, tun da shuka ya kamata ya ciyar da makamashi kawai akan samuwar yara. Lokacin da kuka ɗauki kwan fitila daga ƙasa, kuyi hankali sosai, saboda ƙananan yara suna da wuyar lura.
Girma za a iya girma daga zuriya kawai daga kwararru akan sikelin masana'antu.
Afterauki bayan fure
Lokacin da furanni ya ƙare, wani ɗan lokaci sai ango zai riƙe tasirin ado saboda ciyawar da take buɗe, amma a farkon Yuli za su rasa kyan gani gaba ɗaya. Digging da kwararan fitila ya kamata fara lokacin da ganye juya rawaya da bushe. Koyaya, bai kamata ku jinkirta digging ba, tunda a wannan lokacin an lalata kwararan fitila da kwari iri daban-daban.
Dug albasa dole ne a tsabtace na bushe Sikeli, a wanke a cikin ruwa mai ɗumi kuma immersed tsawon minti 30. a cikin bayani na launin ruwan hoda na ruwan hoda na manedoese. To, idan ya cancanta, an yanke aibobi na rot ko wasu lalacewa. Wajibi ne a kula da wuraren da aka yanka tare da kashe-kashe kuma a yayyafa su da ash itace. Sannan ana sanya kwararan fitila a cikin dakin bushewar iska mai kyau, saboda raunukan su sun bushe sosai.
Yadda ake adana kwararan fitila
Don adana kwararan fitila, ya kamata ka zaɓi ɗakin bushe mai iska mai tsafta inda ba mai zafi sama da digiri 30 ba. Za su kasance a wurin daga farkon kwanakin Yuli zuwa na ƙarshe - Agusta, har saiwoyin sun bayyana. Wajibi ne a bincika su akai-akai, wanda zai ba da izinin tantance lokaci na mara lafiya ko kwararan fitila.
