Eggplant koyaushe yana hade da shunayya da 'ya'yan itace masu yawa. Amma kwanan nan, masu shayarwa sun ba da irin wannan yalwar iri da kuma hybrids, sabon abu a cikin bayyanar da tsari, wanda ya sa ya zama da wuya ga mai siya ya zaɓi: zagaye, fari, taguwa, baƙar fata, jin daɗi da ƙararrawa. Tastearancin dandano, yawan amfanin ƙasa, fasaha don girma seedlings da tsire-tsire.
Don girma babban amfanin gona, da kuma ciyawar daji na eggplant zai iya samar da har zuwa 'ya'yan itãcen marmari 25, kuna buƙatar sanin wasu sifofin ilimin halittar waɗannan baƙin na Indiya. Cika abubuwan da ake buƙata don haɓaka (ƙirƙirar yanayi na yau da kullun), koyaushe za ku kasance tare da amfanin gona mai inganci, ba tare da laákari iri iri ko tsiro na tsiro a cikin lambun ku ba.
Kwairo.
Babban abin da ake buƙata na kayan kwai shine tsawon lokacin awoyi na rana (ba sa wuce sa'o'i 12-14). Eggplant - tsire-tsire na gajeren hasken rana da kuma tsawanta ko da 1-2 hours yana kaiwa ga gaskiyar cewa a cikin babban lokacin dumi (Yuni, Yuli) samuwar ovaries ba ya faruwa. Tare da raguwa a cikin tsawon rana (Agusta, Satumba), 'ya'yan itacen sun girma a hankali, amma an rasa mafi ƙarancin watanni, saboda watanni 2 na rani da yawa sun ɓace, lokacin da isasshen zafi da sauran yanayin zama dole.
Varietiesan itace, musamman tsofaffin, ana ɗaure su da tsayin rana, kuma wannan alamar ba ta canzawa a cikin tsoffin nau'ikan. A halin yanzu, an ƙirƙiri sababbin tsararrun tsirrai - hybrids da nau'ikan da basu da hankali ga Longitude na rana. Suna iya girma a kowane latti. Sabili da haka, kafin ka tafi kasuwa, kalli kalanda, wanda ya nuna a sarari tsawon lokaci na rana a yankinka. Binciki iri da kuma nau'in tsiro na eggplant wanda masana ke ba da shawarar ga yankin ku je ku sami tsaba ko shuki.
Fasaha da girma da shuka kwai
Tsarin iri
Manyan fararen lambu sau da yawa suna sayen kayan da aka yi da fararen kaya a kasuwa ko daga masu kasuwa masu zaman kansu. Wannan kuskure na farko kenan. Ba a san abin da inganci da iri-iri za su sayar muku da tsaba ba. Koyaya sayi iri a cikin shagunan musamman da cibiyoyin. An riga an sarrafa su kuma an shirya su don shuka. Abubuwan da aka shuka a cikin gida dole ne su kasance varietal, hybrids na amfanin gona da ake so ba za su samar ba. A wannan yanayin, yana da kyau ka sayi shiryeyen da aka yi da shuka a cibiyoyin cinikayya na musamman.
Zabi 'Ya'yan itace lokacinda suke Siyarwa
Lokacin sayen tsaba, a hankali karanta umarnin a kan jaka:
- dole ne a nuna sunan iri-iri ko kuma matasan, bayanan shari'a game da masana'anta (wayar tarho, adireshin jiki, da sauransu) a bayyane;
- lokacin sayen siyayyar, ba da fifiko ga mutanen farko (alama F1). Tsaba na wannan ƙarni sun fi tsayayya wa yanayin zafin jiki, cututtuka da kwari,
- yawan tsaba a cikin jaka,
- ranar tarin iri
- shiri na tsaba don shuka (aiki).
Kai shiri na tsaba don shuka eggplant seedlings
- Don farkar da tsaba daga ilmin halitta da haɓaka fitowar tsire-tsire, muna ɗora su a cikin thermos ko ruwan zafi. A zafin jiki na + 45 ... + 50 ° C, tsoma tsaba a cikin ƙanƙan hanu a cikin ruwan zafi na mintuna 3-5 (yi hankali kar ku dafa su).
- Bayan dumama, muna wani irin abincin tsami (tsintsaye) da ƙwayayen eggplant a cikin maganin dindindin na potassium na 1% don kare cututtuka. Sanya tsaba a cikin jakar gauze a cikin mafita na mintina 15 15-20 kuma kurkura a ƙarƙashin ruwa mai gudu. Madadin potassiumganganate, ana iya shuka tsaba daga ƙwayoyin cuta da fungi a cikin maganin ɗayan biofungicides phytosporin-M, alirin-B, gamair SP, trichodermin, albite bisa ga shawarwarin. A wannan yanayin, ba a wanke tsaba ba, amma nan da nan bushe zuwa flowability.
Seedlings na eggplant.
Tsarin tsiro na tsiro a hankali yana buƙatar a farkon matakan wadataccen adadin abubuwan gina jiki. Sabili da haka, har yanzu suna buƙatar a kula dasu tare da haɓaka abubuwan haɓaka da abubuwan gina jiki. Don rage adadin jiyya na ƙwayar cuta, yana yiwuwa a haɗu da kamuwa da cuta tare da biofungicides, abubuwan haɓaka haɓaka (epin, manufa, zircon da sauransu) da takin mai magani na micronutrient (microvit, cytovit) a cikin cakuda tanki. Lokacin shirya cakuda tanki, kowane magani yana narke daban bisa ga shawarwarin, sannan a zuba a cikin akwati ɗaya da gauraye. Bayan dumama, ana saukar da kayan iri cikin mafita na awa 10-12. To, ba tare da wanka ba, bushe a zazzabi a dakin har sai flowability.
Mataki na inarshe a shirya seedsan itacen eggplant don shuka yana mai taurara
Ana shirya tsaba bushewar eggplant a cikin dakin yayin rana a zazzabi na + 18 ... + 22 ° C, kuma da dare muna canjawa zuwa ƙananan shiryayye na firiji tare da zazzabi na + 2 ... 3 ° C. Ana maimaita wannan hanyar tsawon mako guda (5-6 days).
Bayan taurara, tsaba sun kusan shirye don shuka. Don haɓaka fitowar seedlings 2-3 kwanaki kafin shuka, ana shuka ƙwayar kwai. Don yin wannan, suna warwatse a kan adon adiko na goge baki a cikin saucer, an rufe shi da wannan damp zane kuma an sanya shi a cikin wani wuri mai duhu mai dumi. Da zaran an ƙusar da tsaba, ana tura su zuwa busassun kayan bushewa, bushe da an shuka.
Preparationasa shiri don shuka sowingan itace
Cakuda ƙasa don shuka iri irin yakamata ya zama tsaka-tsakin acid, tsinkaye, iska-ruwa-mai-ruwa, mai-ruwa, cike da abubuwan gina jiki, an lalata daga ƙwayoyin fungi, ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta da kwari.
Neman gaurayawan kasar gona:
- karshan humus 2 sassa,
- turf ƙasar 1-2 sassa ko 1 part peat (tsaka tsaki) peat,
- 1 bangare na yashi ko Semi-rotten sawdust (ba coniferous).
Zaka iya amfani da wani hade:
- 1 bangare humus (vermicompost) ko 2 sassan peat,
- 2 sassan turf ko ƙasa ganye,
- 0.5-1.0 wani ɓangaren yashi.
Seedlings na eggplant.
Dole ne a cakuda cakuda da aka shirya a hanyar da ta fi dacewa a gare ku (dumama, calcining, scalding, daskarewa ko in ba haka ba). Bayan bushewa cakuda ƙasa mai narkewa, muna rayar da shi ta hanyar haɗawa da samfuran halitta "Baikal EM-1, trichodermin, planriz da sauransu. Suna haɓaka saurin haifuwa na amfani ko microflora mai amfani (shirye-shiryen EM) kuma a lokaci guda lalata microbial da cututtukan fungal.
Idan an noma ƙasa ta hanyar rigar (mafita), sannan kuma mun sake bushewa da kuma cika tare da takin ƙasa da guga 1 na ƙasa 30-40 g na nitrophosphate da gilashin itace ash. Kuna iya yin cakuda takin mai magani: 15-20 g na urea, 30-40 g of superphosphate granular, 15-20 g na potassium sulfate ko gilashin itace. Mix cakuda sosai kuma cika akwati da aka shirya da ƙasa.
Atesarshen shuka iri-iri
Eggplants ana bambanta shi da dogon lokaci na ciyayi da jinkirin tafiyar da ci gaba. Ya danganta da tsawon lokacin daga seedlings zuwa balaga fasaha, eggplant ya kasu kashi uku:
- da wuri
- matsakaici
- latti.
A farkon cinyayen itace, penan itace na occursa occursan na faruwa ne a ranakun kwana 85-90 daga tsiro, a tsakiyar 90-120 kuma a ƙarshen kwanaki 120-150.
A cikin yankuna na kudanci na Rasha da wasu yankuna, ana shuka iri-iri na shuka don shuka a ƙarshen Fabrairu - farkon shekarun Maris. Ana shuka 'ya'yan itace a cikin ƙasa buɗe daga tsakiyar Mayu zuwa farkon shekarun Yuni. Ya danganta da lokacin fitar da 'ya'yan itace, shuka shukar da akayiwa dangane da kalma ta farko ta kwanaki 10-12. Kuna iya shuka da wuri, na tsakiya da na marigayi iri na eggplant don seedlings a lokaci guda, amma lokacin canja wuri don buɗe ƙasa zai zama daban: farkon eggplants shekaru 45-55, matsakaici kwanaki 55-70 da ƙarshen kwanaki 70-80. Kuna iya dasa shuki a wata farkon shuka don ci gaba ta dindindin idan ya girma (shimfidawa) kuma yanayin yanayi ya dace.
A lokacin da dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa a buɗe ko kuma gidajen kore marasa ganye, a ƙarƙashin mafaka na ɗan lokaci, ana dasa shukokin eggplant yana da shekaru 60-70 a cikin babban layi da kuma arewacin yankuna na Rasha, watau ana shuka shuka don shuka a ranar 15 ga Maris. An tsawaita dindin na dindindin har zuwa farkon shekarun Yuni, lokacin da yanayin dumama ya ke. Hakanan za'a iya shuka iri daga baya a cikin waɗannan yankuna, amma ana iya yin shinge a gida, ana buƙatar ƙarin hasken wuta da sauran ƙarin yanayi (wanda ba shi da amfani).
Seedlings na eggplant.
Kayan fasahar shuka shuka plantan itace
Eggplants ba su yi haƙuri transplants, don haka ne mafi kyau seedlings girma ba tare daukana. A cikin kwantena da aka shirya, a kankace cakuda kasar gona. A cikin ruwa mara ruwa, tsaba na iya shayar da su kuma ba zai yi toho ba. Sanya lattice na musamman tare da nash 6x6 ko 8x8 cm (ya dogara da al'adar daji na gaba). A tsakiyar kowane gida na shuka tsaba 1-2 zuwa zurfin 1-2 cm Tare da irin wannan tsari tare da murabba'in 1. m na duka yankin, yawan amfanin ƙasa na seedlings zai matsakaita 250-150 seedlings. Bayan yin shuka, na yayyafa plantan eggplant tare da cakuda ƙasa guda ɗaya a cikin Layer 1-2 cm Idan ana yin shuka iri iri a cikin kwantena daban (kofuna, tukunyar peat-humus, cassettes na musamman), na sanya su a cikin akwatin gama gari kuma in sanya su a wuri mai dumi. Idan an aiwatar da shuka a cikin ƙasa na kore, Na rufe shuka da lutrasil. Otsan buɗe ido suna bayyana bayan makonni 1.5-2.0.
Idan ka yanke shawara don shuka tsirowar eggplant ta hanyar tara, to, ana aiwatar dashi a cikin lokaci na ganyayyaki na gaske na 2-3. 2-3 days kafin wani tara, suka shayar don rage lalata tushen tsarin. Canza a cikin kwantena ko kwantena tare da yankin abinci mai yalwar abinci, tsire-tsire masu zurfi zuwa ganyen cotyledon. Ana ɗaukar abin da aka zana, an kula da ƙasa. Watering ne da za'ayi tare da dumi, ruwa zauna.
Zazzabi don ƙwayayen eggplant
Yanayin yanayin zafi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin narkar da kyawawan tsire-tsire. Sabili da haka, wajibi ne don bin yanayin da aka ba da shawarar yanayin zafi:
- ya kamata a kiyaye yawan zafin jiki na kasar gona daga shuka zuwa shuki a cikin + 20 ... + 28 ° C.
- A cikin makonni 2 na farko bayan shuka, zazzabi na ƙasa da daddare ya sauka zuwa + 17 ... + 18 ° C, kuma yayin rana ana kiyaye ta a + 20 ... + 22 ° C.
- Bayan haka, har sai an lalata seedlings, da yawan zafin jiki na kasa da daddare kuma ana kiyaye shi a cikin iyakokin yanayin-fitowar yanayi.
- Zafin iska a cikin makon farko bayan fitowar da daddare ya sauka zuwa + 8 ... + 10 ° C, kuma a lokacin ana kiyaye shi a + 14 ... + 16 ° C.
- Bayan haka (daga hargitsi na seedlings zuwa harden na seedlings girma), yawan zafin jiki shine + 11 ... + 14 ° C, kuma a cikin rana ya dogara da haske. A ranakun rana, zaku iya tayar da zazzabi zuwa + 25 ... + 27 ° C, kuma a cikin girgijen ranaku mai ƙasa zuwa + 18 ... + 20 ° C. Canza yanayin zafi ya zama dole domin seedlingsan itacen ba su shimfiɗa.
'Ya'yan itacen ƙwai a ranar 43.
Eggplant seedling kula
A cikin lokacin girma da haɓaka ƙwayar kwai na eggplant, ban da tsarin zafin jiki, ya zama dole don saka idanu akan ƙasa da gumi, ciyar da seedlings a yanayin da ya dace, kare kan kwari da cututtuka, da taurara. 'Ya'yan da ba a kula da su ba, lokacin dasa shuki a ƙarƙashin canza yanayin muhalli, ba shi da lafiya har ma ya mutu. Lokacin da kwari (aphids, caterpillars, whiteflies) suka bayyana, ana yayyafa ƙwayar kwai tare da bioinsecticides bisa ga shawarwarin (phytoverm, bitoxybacillin, lepidocide da sauransu).
Watering eggplant seedlings
Ina kashe ruwa a cikin kwanaki 2-3 tare da ka'idojin matsakaici na tsaftataccen ruwa mai zafi zuwa + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Bayan yin ruwa, ciyawa ƙasa tare da yashi bushe don guje wa tushen rot. Lokacin da nake shayar da ruwa sau biyu a wata, Ina ƙara ƙirar antifungal biologics (trichodermin, planriz da sauran biofungicides) zuwa ban ruwa. Ba su da lahani ga ’yan Adam, wanda yake da muhimmanci musamman a lokacin da ake shuka shuki a cikin ginin mazaunin. Ina rage rage zafi ta iska ba tare da shimfidar iska ba.
Ggwan itace na ƙwai
Ina ciyar da miya ta farko a cikin lokaci na ganyayyaki 2-3 ko makonni 1.5-2.0 bayan tara. Ina ciyar da ruwa ban ruwa. Na shirya tsarin abinci mai gina jiki dangane da guga na ruwa: 5-10 g of urea da 30 g na ruwa mai narkewa-superphosphate. Kuna iya shirya mafita daga cikakken ma'adinai ta hanyar narke 30-35 g na nitrophoska a cikin 10 l na ruwa. Bayan miya, na wanke ganye daga kwalbar da aka watsa tare da ruwa mai tsabta don hana ƙone ƙone-ƙare zuwa ga tsirrai.
Ina kashe babban riguna na biyu tare da wannan abun da keɓaɓɓen kwanaki 7-10 kafin a kwance ba tare da ɓoye ba, amma ba tare da nitrogen ba. Zai fi kyau aiwatar da riguna na biyu tare da takin Kemira, wanda aka yi niyya don kula da tsirrai. Wannan takin ya ƙunshi, ban da manyan abubuwan gina jiki, abubuwan da ake amfani da su na boron, manganese, molybdenum, da baƙin ƙarfe, wanda zai ba da tsire-tsire ƙarin makamashi.
Seedlings na eggplant.
Hardening seedlings
Kafin dasa shuki na dindindin (makonni 2) Na saba da tsire-tsire zuwa sabbin yanayin muhalli. A hankali rage mita na ruwa, rage zafin jiki a cikin ɗakin, wanda zan ɗauka kwantena tare da ƙwayar kwai a cikin farfajiyar ko a kan baranda da ke glazed, loggia. Da farko, na iya tsayayya da shuka na sa'o'i 2-3, a hankali na barin dogon lokaci a cikin dakin sanyi. Idan babu isasshen haske a cikin gidan sai na kunna fitila.
A taurare seedlings tattalin dasa ya zama 16-25 cm high, tare da 7-9 duhu kore ganye, 1-3 buds, wata bunƙasa fibrous tushen tsarin, kuma madaidaiciya kara.
Iri iri daban-daban da kuma kayan kwai
Farkon cikakke eggplant
- Bibo F1 (kwana 87-93),
- Black kyau (60 days),
- Fabina F1 (kwana 40-50),
- Mileda F1 (kwanaki 66-75).
Eggplant farkon
- Alekseevsky (daga tsiro zuwa girbi kwanaki 90-100)
- Valentine F1 (kwana 90-95),
- Hippopotamus F1 (kwanaki 100-105),
- Quartet (kwanaki 107-122),
- Maxik F1 (kwana 90-100),
- Nancy F1 (kwanaki 75-85),
- Hazo Lilac (kwana 102-105),
- Muhimmin mu'ujiza (kwana 95-100).
Eggplant na matsakaici
- Lu'u-lu'u (kwana 109-150),
- Comet (kwanaki 118-125),
- Swan (kwana 100-130),
- Sailor (104-110 days),
- Abin mamakin (kwana 116-120),
- Ping Pong F1 (kwanaki 116-117),
- Pelican F1 (kwanaki 116-117).
Late eggplant
- Mishutka (kwanaki 133-145),
- Sofiya (kwanaki 134-147).
Za'a iya girma 'ya'yan fari da farkon eggplants ta hanyar seedlings a cikin arewacin yankunan Rasha. Lokacin ƙirƙirar halayen da suka dace don ƙasa mai kariya. Matsakaici kuma musamman marigayi sun dace kawai don yankuna na kudanci da kuma wurare masu dumi na Federationasar Rasha. Lokacin zabar kayan dasa, zaɓi nau'ikan da aka yankantar da iri. Suna da kusanci da yanayin yanayi na yankin, hasken rana, mafi tsayayya ga lalacewa ta cututtuka da kwari.
Hankali! Kamar yadda muka saba, muna tambayar ku a cikin ra'ayoyin wannan labarin don rubuta game da hanyoyin ku da dabaru na shuka ƙwayar kwai. Don Allah kar a manta da nuna wane yanki ne kuka shuka su kuma a wane zamani ne kuka shuka da shuka domin girma na dindindin. Na gode!
