A matsayinka na dasa shuka, matattarar masara (Castor oil plant)Ricinus kwaminisanci) daga dangin Euphorbiaceae, ko Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbiaceae) sanannu ne a zamanin da: an samo tsaba a cikin kaburburan Fir'auna. Ana samun bayanai game da shi a cikin asalin rubuce-rubuce na tsoffin Girkawa, Masarawa, Romawa da Larabawa. An kuma ambaci tsire-tsire a cikin Injila. Hotunan mai na Castor da aka yi wa bango bango ado a bangon Thebes.
Hankali! Abubuwan mai na Castor suna dauke da abu mai guba - ricin, wanda a cikin masana'antar masana'antu baya juya mai. Saboda haka, cin tsaba yana da haɗari, na iya haifar da guba mai tsananin gaske. 'Ya'yan shida suna mutuwa ga yara, sannan kuma ashirin ga manya. Har ila yau, oilCake castor oil mai guba ne.
Castor oil plant talakawa. © Drew AveryA cikin karni na 1 AD e. Masanin kimiyyar Roman Pliny ya bayyana kaddarorin wannan tsiron kuma ya kira shi "Castor", wanda ke fassara a matsayin "kaska", saboda irin alaƙar da ke tattare da wannan dabbar. Daga nan ne asalin sunan kleshevy ya tafi.
Yawancin masana kimiyyar botan suna yin la’akari da ƙasa ta gwanayen Castor ta Arewa da Gabashin Afirka, inda a yanzu har ila yau tana samar da ci gaba da yashi a kan yashi. Daga bakin tekun, man Castor da sauri ya sauka cikin ƙasa. Wataƙila tsuntsaye ma sun ba da gudummawa ga wannan yaduwar, wanda har yanzu da yardar rai ba 'ya'yan itaciyar. A lokaci guda, tsaba masu wucewa cikin narkewa ba wai kawai ba su rasa germination ba, har ma suna ƙara shi.
Kabilun Afirka sun daɗe suna noma man Castor. Sun shafe jikin da mai daga zuriya, wannan ya ba fatar fata haske da haske, kuma a cikin lokacin sanyi tana kare ta daga sanyi. Hakanan ana amfani da mai don yin ɓoye da fatalwar fata, don haskaka gidaje, tunda ba a ba da kuzari lokacin da aka ƙone ta, kuma a ƙarshe, don dafa abinci a kai (yayin da mai ɗin ya rasa kayan da yake lalata). Hanyoyi da burlap an sanya su daga zaren dunƙulen itace. Koyaya, a yau a cikin yankin Tsakiya ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka ana yawanci amfani dashi azaman shinge kewaye da tsire-tsire na taba, auduga ko dankalin turawa mai daɗi.
Tsaba Castor Oil na gama gari. Z H. ZellSannan fara aikin nasara na tsire-tsire na Castor mai tsire-tsire a duniya. Na farko, yana zuwa Indiya, sannan kuma zuwa Asiya. Manyan bakin Castor ne suka kawo wa Amurka fararen fata a matsayin shuka mai ado, kuma cikin hanzari ya isa, ya zama sako, ya zauna akan nasa gidan dan adam. A cikin Turai, sha'awar man Castor ya bayyana ne kawai a ƙarshen ƙarni na 18, bayan Birtaniyyawan ta kawo tsaba zuwa Landan daga jihohinsu na kudu. Saurin bunƙasa fasaha ya haifar da ƙaruwa sosai ga yawan buƙatar mai daga tsaba mai, kamar yadda ya zama babban abin maye ga kayan aikin injin.
Castor wakilin ya zo Rasha ne a karo na biyu na rabin karni na 19; daga daya daga cikin ma'aikatan ofishin jakadancin a karkashin Shah din Farisa. Ta zo mana daga Indiya ta Farisa. An horar da shi a ƙarƙashin sunan "Hemp na Turkiyya" a cikin Caucasus, sannan kuma a Tsakiyar Asiya. An shafe takalmin da man Castor, wanda hakan ya sa basu da ruwa, sun haskaka mahalli, kuma likitocin sun yi amfani da tsaba wajen samo mai na Castor. A halin yanzu, har ma a cikin 1913 babu albarkatun gona na masana'antar Castor-masana'antu a Rasha, ana biyan bukatun ƙasar ta musamman ta hanyar shigo da kaya. A halin yanzu, ana shuka tsire-tsire na castor a cikin gonakin Krasnodar da Stavropol. Yankin Rostov da Caucasus na Arewa. A wasu yankuna inda tsaba bera ba suyi notan itace, ana bred shi kawai azaman ornamental shuka, saboda kare kyawawan ganye da lia originalan itace na asali.
Kamfanin Castor mai shuka (Ricinus communis). Hoto na Botanical daga Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen, 1887Man Castor ya yaɗu yanzu a cikin tsibiran da subtropics. Babban mai samar da tsaba shine Indiya (kashi 71 cikin ɗari na amfanin gonar duniya). Na biyu shine China. Babban yankin yana mamaye da mai a Castor a Brazil, Ethiopia, Kenya, Angola, Paraguay da Thailand.
Bayan haka, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar zaɓi na tsawan lokaci, nau'ikan da suka dace da namo yanayi a yanayi mai tsabta su ma an lalata su. A yau, man Castor yana girma a matsayin kayan ado na ornamental har zuwa 56 ° N.
Don haka, man Castor ya gama kusan dukkanin nahiyoyi, ana iya samun sa a cikin lambuna da wuraren shakatawa da kuma daji a cikin yanayin rayuwa. A zahiri, saboda tsawon lokacin namo, bambance-bambance a cikin mazauninsu, zaɓin da hankali, bayyanar tsire-tsire sun canza sosai. Wannan ya haifar da matsaloli masu yawa wajen tara tarin ilimin halittar dan adam. Ricinus. Koyaya, yawancin botanists sunyi imanin cewa tsire-tsire na zamani wanda aka shuka shine wakilcin nau'ikan iri, nau'i da iri, haɗe a ƙarƙashin suna ɗaya - beor castor. Yaya mace?
A cikin tropics da subtropics, Castor wake ne mai perennial woody shuka. Misali, a Vietnam, misali, ya kai tsayin mita 10 kuma yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 10 ko fiye. Kuma a cikin yanayin latitude a cikin hunturu yana daskarewa sabili da haka ana horar dashi azaman shekara-shekara. Amma har ma a tsakiyar layi a cikin shekara guda, yana iya girma zuwa 2 m ba ga tsayi.
Castor man shuka 'ya'yan itãcen talakawa. E Josh Egan-WyerA cikin floriculture, siffofin kayan ado tare da launuka daban-daban ana amfani da su sau da yawa. A Rasha, yawancin nau'ikan cikin gida shine 'Cossack' - shuka mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi har zuwa 2 m. The mai tushe ne launin ruwan kasa-ja, m. Ganyayyaki masu launin kore ne masu launin jan jini, matasa masu launin ruwan hoda masu launin shuɗi tare da fararen dige a gefuna da cloves. Furanni suna da haske ja mai launin shuɗi-masu duhu. Kwalaye masu haske ja, shunayya ko launi mai ƙwaya, wanda ke wanzuwa har sai tsaba ya yi cikakke.
Mafi girma, kuma mafi ban mamaki, mai-jan Castor mai shuka, halin da m Branching da kyawawan duhu launi mai launi. Larabawa suna kiwo wannan tsiron, waɗanda, a ƙarƙashin yanayin hamada, suka shuka tsire-tsire kuma suka koma wurinsu kawai su tattara 'ya'yan itace. Sakamakon haka, samfuran fari ne kawai masu saurin fari suka tsira, kuma 'ya'yan itaciyar sun sami damar girbewa daga waɗanda akwatinan ba su fashe ba.
Kiyaye wasu ka'idoji, ba shi da wahala a shuka kyawawan tsire-tsire masu ƙoshin lafiya. Don yin wannan, tuna cewa man Castor ya fito ne daga yanayin yanayi mai zafi, saboda haka ya girma mafi kyau kuma ya fi ado a cikin rana, wurare masu dumin gaske tare da horar da ƙasa, ƙasa mara nauyi. Sakamakon jinkirin girma a farkon haɓakawa da ƙauna ta zafi ta musamman (tsire-tsire ba zai iya tsayawa frosts da sanyaya lokaci mai tsawo ba), ya kamata a dasa shi a cikin ƙasa a cikin wani wuri bayan ƙarshen bazara mai sanyi, seedlings. Don samun kyawawan seedlings, ya kamata a shuka tsaba a cikin Maris a cikin tukwane tare da diamita na akalla cm 20. Dole ne a saka soyayyen a ranar kafin. Seedlings dole jira na dogon lokaci, har zuwa makonni uku, a zazzabi ba kasa da + 15 ° C. Tare da yin amfani da kayan ado na siffofin tsayi, saboda kyawun tsire-tsire sun fi bayyane, yana da kyau a shuka tsire-tsire shi kaɗai ko amfani dashi azaman asalin tsire-tsire na fure.
Castor oil plant talakawa. Andreas FrühMa'ana da Aikace-aikace
Tun da farko, an bambanta jinsuna da yawa a cikin halittar monotypic Kleshchevina, gami da itace-castor castor, ko Afirka (Ricinus arborescens, ko Ricinus africanus), mai ban sha'awa ne saboda ganyenta ya kasance abinci ne ga tsutsotsi na Saturnia cynthia, wanda ke samar da siliki mai launin shuɗi.
Castor man da aka dasa a cikin gidajen lambuna azaman shuka mai saurin girma. Tana da kyau a kan ciyawa a cikin saukowa ɗaya ko a cikin rukuni (3-5 guda) ba tare da wasu tsire-tsire ba. A cikin ƙungiyoyi masu hadewa ba ya ba da sakamako da ake so. Ana iya amfani da man Castor don yin ado da ƙananan ganuwar.
Amma duk da haka, ana yin horar da wake na Castor musamman saboda karewar tsaba (Semina Ricini vulgaris, Semina cataputiae majoris), daga abin da aka fitar da man Castor (castor or ricin oil) (O oil Ricini).
Castor oil plant talakawa.
Man Castor
A yau, ana samun mai Castor ta hanyoyi guda biyu - an matse mai zafi ko an matse shi mai sanyi.
Volcous Castor mai launi mara launi (Castor oil) wanda aka samu ta hanyar matsi mai zafi bashi da amfani, amma yana da mahimmancin tattalin arziƙi kuma a mafi yawancin halayen ba makawa ne. Ba ya bushewa, shi ne mafi yawan danshi da ganuwar duk mai kayan lambu, yana tsawanta a zazzabi--22-22 C, yana narkewa a cikin barasa (wannan ya banbanta da sauran kayan lambu), amma baya narkar da mai, baya shafar roba, ƙonewa ba tare da saura ba. Saboda waɗannan kaddarorin, ana amfani dashi azaman mafi kyawun mai a cikin jirgi, roketry, kayan kida da agogo. Bugu da kari, mai yana da kyau don samar da varnishes masu inganci, fenti, robobi, zarurrukan wucin gadi, kayan adon ruwa, da sabulu.
A magani, ana amfani da man Castor, wanda zafin sanyi kawai aka samu, ana amfani dashi. Ana amfani dashi azaman maganin kashe ƙwaro da kuma laxative mai ƙarfi (bayan shan 1 / 2-2 tablespoons, bayan 4-5 hours ko a baya, laxative sakamako faruwa), kazalika da ranar samarwa da maganin shafawa iri-iri, alal misali, maganin shafawa Vishnevsky.
Castor oil plant talakawa. Marc RyckaertLokacin shan man Castor, maniyyi mai narkewa na mahaifa ke tasowa, don haka wani lokacin ana sanya man a cikin aikin na mahaifa don inganta ayyukan kwadago a hade tare da magungunan hormonal.
Hakanan ana amfani da man Castor don rigakafin asarar gashi.
Hankali! Yin amfani da man Castor da aka samu a gida na iya haifar da mutuwa! Yana yiwuwa a rabu da abubuwa masu guba waɗanda ke cikin ƙwayoyin Castor ne kawai tare da masana'antu na musamman.
Ba a bada shawarar amfani da mai na Castor na dogon lokaci ba, saboda wannan yana haifar da asarar ci kuma ya daina samun maye. Man Castor a wasu yanayi yana haifar da tashin zuciya, ana bada shawara don amfani dashi a cikin capsules gelatin.
Abubuwan haɗin:
- Tatyana Terentyeva. Castor-oil shuka // A Duniya na Tsire-tsire 2004, A'a 8. - shafi 12-15.
- Turov. A. D., Sapozhnikova. E. N. / Tsire-tsire masu magani na USSR da amfaninsu. - 3rd ed., Revised. kuma kara. - M.: Magani, 1982, 304 p. - tare da 192-193.
