Karas sun daɗe da zama sanannu don abubuwan abubuwan da aka gano masu mahimmanci. Ya ƙunshi yawancin carotene, potassium, fluorine, baƙin ƙarfe, da dai sauransu Gaba ɗaya, duk abubuwan da jikin mu yasa wasu lokuta basa rasa shi. Wataƙila wannan shine dalilin da yasa aka shuka amfanin gona a kusan kowane lambu. Ba mai wahala ba ne a yi wannan, amma wani lokacin masu novice lambu suna fuskantar wasu matsaloli. Don kore su, a cikin wannan labarin za mu magana game da yadda za a shuka karas, da yawa kwanaki da karas germinate bayan shuka, da kuma yadda za a kara yawan zuriya shuka. Gabaɗaya, komai cikin tsari.
Me ke tantance germination na karas?
Sau da yawa, mutane da yawa lambu koka da cewa suna da matalauta germination na karas tsaba. Me ya dogara da shi? Wadanne abubuwa ke tasiri iri na shuka?
Yanzu zamuyi kokarin gano hakan:
Zamanin shuka. Seedlingsawan da karas kai tsaye sun dogara da lokacin da aka yi shuka. Misali, karas na Afrilu zai yi yawa sosai a watan Mayu.- Zazzabi. A kan fakiti yawanci rubuta mafi kyau duka yawan zafin jiki na iska wanda tsaba ke tsiro. Idan suna ƙasa da saitin, to, harbe-harbe na iya bayyana da yawa daga baya. Misali, a zazzabi na 4-5 digiri Celsius, karas zai tsiro cikin kusan kwanaki 45. Idan iska ta yi zafi har zuwa digiri 12, saiwoyin amfanin gona zai bayyana cikin kwanaki 16. A zazzabi na +20 digiri, tsaba zai yi girma da wuri - bayan kwana 9.
- Kasar gona. Kusan kashi 80% na nasara ya dogara da wannan manuniya - karas, komai abin da suka ce a maɓuɓɓuka daban-daban, suna da matuƙar buƙata a kan tsarin ƙasar. Da kyau, wannan amfanin gona yana tsiro akan ƙasa mai nauyi (loamy, yashi, peaty). Loam mai nauyi bai dace ba.
Ranar karewa. Ga dukkan al'adu, kusan iri ɗaya ne - shekaru 3-5. '' Fresher '' iri, abokantaka da suka shuka. Bugu da kari, kuna buƙatar kula da yadda aka adana zuriya. Zai fi kyau kasancewa a cikin duhu, yanki mai iska.
Zamanin shuka. Seedlingsawan da karas kai tsaye sun dogara da lokacin da aka yi shuka. Misali, karas na Afrilu zai yi yawa sosai a watan Mayu.
Ranar karewa. Ga dukkan al'adu, kusan iri ɗaya ne - shekaru 3-5. '' Fresher '' iri, abokantaka da suka shuka. Bugu da kari, kuna buƙatar kula da yadda aka adana zuriya. Zai fi kyau kasancewa a cikin duhu, yanki mai iska.Har yaushe yaushe wani karas ke tsiro? Mun ba da amsar wannan tambayar, yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a yi magana game da kimanin kwanakin da za a shuka amfanin gona.
Zamanin shuka karas
Zuwa yau, akwai wasu ranakun don shuka karas. Duk abin ya dogara da yankin.
- Yankunan Tsakiya da Tsakiya na Rasha. Ana shuka nau'in cikakke da wuri a nan daga Afrilu 20 zuwa 25. Yankin lokacin tsakiyar ya sauka kadan daga baya - daga Afrilu 25 zuwa 5 Mayu.
- Yankunan Kudancin Rasha. Anan ana shuka karas da yawa a baya. Kimanin ranakun shuka shine daga 10 zuwa 20 ga Maris.
Don farkon girbi, al'ada ce ta dasa karas a cikin hunturu. Ana yin wannan a cikin kaka, yawanci a ƙarshen Oktoba. Shuka amfanin gona ta wannan hanyar ana girbe su da yawa, da sati biyu.
Yadda za a shuka karas don tsiro da sauri
Tun da karas tsaba ke tsiro na dan lokaci, yan lambu suna bada shawarar amfani da hanyoyi masu inganci don saurin shuka:
- Soaking tsaba. Wannan hanyar ita ce mafi yawan gama gari. Asalinsa ya ta'allaka ne akan cewa an sanya tsaba a cikin karas kwana guda a cikin kwandon shara kuma an zuba shi da ruwa kadan (zazzabi ya zama + 18 +20 digiri). Babban abu shine tabbatar da cewa babu ruwa mai yawa, in ba haka ba sabanin tasirin zai juya - karas zai tsiro na dogon lokaci. Bayan sa'o'i 24, ana jan ruwa, an shimfiɗa tsaba a kan zane (zaku iya amfani da adiko na goge baki, leuze, da sauransu) kuma ku basu damar bushewa sosai. Zai yi wuya a faɗi daidai ranakun da karas ke fitowa lokacin amfani da wannan hanyar. Yawancin lokaci wannan yana faruwa bayan mako guda ko rabi, amma ya dogara da yanayin, lokacin zai iya canzawa.
- Calcination na tsaba. Wannan hanyar tana ba kawai damar hanzarta seedlings, amma kuma don hana shan kashi na tushen amfanin gona ta hanyar kwari. Don haka, magani ɗaya na zafi yana faruwa kamar haka: ana zubar da tsaba da ruwan zafi (zazzabi ya kamata ya zama kusan zafin digiri 45) kuma ya rage na awanni 3-3.5. Bayan ɓata lokaci, ruwa ya lalace, kuma an shimfiɗa tsaba a kan tsabtace farfajiya (ya fi kyau a bi da ita da manganese) kuma jira har sai sun bushe. Idan ana aiwatar da maganin zafi daidai, to ban da ƙara haɓaka na tsaba, mutum zai iya dogaro da kyakkyawan ci gaban tsirrai da girbi mai kyau.
- Soaking a cikin kwayoyi da ke hanzarta haɓaka. Hanyar ita ce mafi sauki, ba ta buƙatar lokaci mai yawa. Tsaba suna soyawa (na tsawon awanni 2) a haɓakar haɓakar haɓaka na haɓaka, alal misali, a Epin, sannan a bushe sosai.
Muna ƙara, ban da jiyya na sama, ƙwararrun lambu sun ba da shawara kada su manta game da ƙwayar cuta. Yawancin lokaci, ana amfani da potassium permanganate da formalin don wannan. Amfani da wadannan kudade na iya hana cututtukan fungal na tsire-tsire iri iri, tare da rage yiwuwar lalacewar amfanin gona ta hanyar kwari.
