Abubuwan da ke tattare da warkarwa na tafarnuwa suna da yawa musamman saboda sunadarai masu tarin yawa: ya ƙunshi fiye da 26% carbohydrates, furotin 6.5%, har zuwa 20 MG na ascorbic acid, ƙwayoyin arsenic waɗanda ke da tasirin warkewa lokacin da aka cinye su a cikin nau'in albarkatunsu. Tafarnuwa kuma yana da ƙaƙƙarfan aikin phytoncidal (bactericidal). Ana amfani da ƙananan ganyayyaki da hakora don abinci. Tafarnuwa ana amfani da ganyen gyada da kayan lambu da kuma namomin kaza.
Akwai tafarnuwa iri uku: mai harbi na hunturu, hunturu ba mai harbi, ba mai harbi. Sunayen "hunturu" da "bazara" suna tantance lokacin dasa kayan shuka.
A tafarnuwa. © LizMashahurai irin tafarnuwa
Shekarar naman kaza. Hunturu, sanyi mai tsauri, harbi, mai kaifi. Matsakaicin kwan fitila ya kai 40 g, yawan hakora 11 ne, coverss purple ne.
Gribovsky-60. Hunturu, harbi, mai kaifi. Kwan fitila tana da girma, yawan hakora 7 - 11, sikelin mayafin tana da launin shuɗi.
Komsomolet, Hunturu, sanyi mai jurewa, harbi, mai kaifi. Kwan fitila tana da girma, adadin hakora 7 - 11 ne, suturar sutura tana da ruwan hoda da ƙwaya mai launin shuɗi.
Otradnensky. Hunturu, sanyi mai tsauri, harbi, mai kaifi. Kwan fitila tana da girma, yawan hakora 4 - 6, suturar sutura masu launin ruwan hoda tana da farin shuɗi.
Danilovsky na gida. Hunturu, ba mai harbi, mai kaifi. Kwan fitila mai girma ne, yawan hakora 6-1 ne, sutturar suttura ita ce lilac.
Girma hunturu tafarnuwa
Ana dasa tafarnuwa na hunturu a cikin bazara. Yawan nau'in tafarnuwa na harbe-harbe, amma akwai kuma waɗanda ba a harbi ba. A cikin harba tafarnuwa, ban da na kwan fitila na karkashin kasa, inflorescence siffofin a kan kibiya, a cikin abin da kwan fitila filastik girma.
Babban alamun tafarnuwa hunturu shine kasancewar kibiya, girman kwan fitila, yawan hakora, siffar da launi na suturar hakora.
Dasa tafarnuwa a cikin hunturu. HoffnaAna shirya gonar don dasa tafarnuwa
A ƙarƙashin tafarnuwa, filaye tare da ƙasa mai tsabta loamy ƙasa an karkatar da su. Mafi kyawun ingancin tafarnuwa sune kabewa, kabeji, wake da ciyawar kore. Ba za ku iya yin tafarnuwa cikin ƙasa ba inda albasa da tafarnuwa suka girma a baya fiye da shekaru 3 zuwa 4.
Akan yi gado a cikin gari, bushewa. Shirye-shiryen gadaje yana farawa a watan Agusta, i.e., wata daya da rabi kafin dasa tafarnuwa hunturu.
A 1 m² na loamy ƙasa, an kawo guga na humus ko takin, an kawo tablespoon na superphosphate da nitrophosphate, da gilashin gari dolomite ko lemun tsami. A cikin yumɓun yumɓu, ana ƙara guga na peat.
An ƙara ƙarin guga na loamy ƙasa a cikin ƙasa na peat. A cikin yashi kasa tare da guga na yumbu ƙasa, peat da duk abin da aka ba da shawarar ga gadajen loamy.
Sun tono komai zuwa zurfin 18 - 20 cm.
Bayan an yi ma'amala, an shimfiɗa gado kuma a ɗan haɗa shi. Sannan ana magance shi da maganin maganin jan karfe (40 g ana narkewa a cikin ruwa na 10) a cikin nauyin 1 l a 10 m? gadaje. An rufe gado da wani fim kafin dasa tafarnuwa.
Shuka kwanakin don tafarnuwa hunturu
Ana dasa tafarnuwa hunturu 35 zuwa 45 kwanaki kafin a shanye shi mai sanyi. A wannan lokacin, hakoran da aka shuka yakamata su ɗauki tushe kuma su samar da kyakkyawan tushen tushe, suna shiga zurfin 10 - 12 cm, amma a lokaci guda ganye bai kamata ya fito daga gare su ba.
An shuka hakora a wurare masu sanyi tun 20 ga Satumba, a mafi yawancin waɗanda ke kudanci tun daga 15 ga Oktoba. Tafarnuwa na farko da aka shuka, da kuma ƙarshen shuka dasa fari.
Ana shirya tafarnuwa don shuka
Don dasa shuki, ana amfani da tafarnuwa hunturu da aka girbe. An zaɓi kyawawan kwararan fitila mai kyau sosai don dasawa. An rarrabu cikin hakora, guje wa lalacewar na inji. Hakora suna da girma a cikin babba da matsakaici kuma an wanke su a cikin maganin maganin sodium chloride (3 tablespoons a cikin lita 5 na ruwa) na mintina 1-2. Sannan ana canza su zuwa maganin maganin jan karfe (1 tablespoon a lita 10 na ruwa) shima 1 min. Bayan wannan, hakora, ba tare da wanka da ruwa ba, ana shuka su akan kango.
Featan gashin falmaran tafarnuwa. Y Kristy tare da KDasa tafarnuwa
Furrows na 6-8 cm zurfi ana yin su tare da gadaje a nesa na 20-25 cm daga juna. An dasa hakora a cikin tsummoki wanda daga ƙasa ƙasa zuwa haƙori akwai 4 -5 cm, sannan haƙori daga haƙori yana nesa da 6 - 8. cm ana dasa hakora a tsaye tare da ƙasan ƙasa ko sanya shi a kan ganga.
Bayan makonni 2 zuwa 3, an yayyafa peat ko humus ɗin humus akan gado har zuwa 2 cm don mafi kyau lokacin tafarnuwa.
Tafarnuwa Tafarnuwa lokacin hunturu
A farkon farkon harbe harbe bayyana. Dole ne a dame su zuwa zurfin 2 - 3 cm.
Tafarnuwa Tafarnuwa ana iya shayar da shi a cikin Mayu, Yuni da kwanakin farko na Yuli, da kwanaki 20 kafin girbi, an daina hana ruwa. Yawan ban ruwa ya dogara da zafin jiki na iska. M allurai: a cikin 1 m 10-12 l na ruwa sau ɗaya a kowace kwanaki 8 zuwa 10. A cikin lokacin bazaar ruwa ba ruwa. A cikin lokaci mai zafi, ana shayar da tafarnuwa bayan kwanaki 5-6. Za'a iya haɗu da ruwa tare da kayan miya.
Ciyarwa na farko yi tare da samuwar ganye 3 zuwa 4. A cikin lita 10 na ruwa, 1 tablespoon na urea an narke ko an shayar da shi ta hanyar zub da ruwa daga ruwa, yana ciyar da lita 2 zuwa 3 na bayani a kowace m 1? .
Ciyarwa ta biyu da za'ayi makonni biyu bayan na farko: 2 tablespoons na nitrofoski ko nitroammophoski ana dillance a cikin lita 10 na ruwa, takin ruwa na Agbeola (3 zuwa 4 ana cinyewa a kowace mita 1) ko takin gargajiya (2 tablespoons a kowace lita 10 na ruwa , amfani da lita 4 - 5 a kowace 1 m?).
Na uku, ciyarwa ta ƙarshe kashe kusan a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Yuni, lokacin da ake kafa albasa. A cikin 10 l na ruwa, 2 tablespoons na (zai fi dacewa a ƙasa) superphosphate an narke, 4 -5 l na bayani da 1 m yana cinyewa.
A gado na tafarnuwa. LucyTafarnuwa Tafarnuwa Tafarnuwa daga banyen Yankunan Cuba
A watan Yuni, tafarnuwa hunturu siffofin fure kibiyoyi, a ƙarshen wanda, maimakon inflorescence, kwararan fitila na iska (kwararan fitila). Idan lambu suna da sha'awar samun manyan kawunan tafarnuwa, to, kiban furanni ba da daɗewa ba bayan bayyanar su ta yanke (kar a cire!) Ko a yanka a ɓoye, barin karamin shafi, har zuwa 2 - 3 cm.
Lokacin dasa shuki tafarnuwa hunturu tare da hakora, an cinye da yawa, wanda ba kowa ke iyawa ba. Sabili da haka, akan mafi kyawun tsire-tsire tafarnuwa, kibiyoyi tare da inflorescences an bar su kuma, suna jira har sai inflorescence wrapper bursts da iska kwararan fitila samo sifofi mai launi na iri-iri, tsire-tsire suna cire gaba ɗaya daga ƙasa kuma an bushe.
Kafin yin shuka, an kwantar da kwararan fitila daga inflorescence, mafi yawan an zaɓi kuma an shuka su a ƙarƙashin hunturu daga Satumba 5 zuwa 10 Oktoba. Littlean ƙaramin haƙori mai kyau ya girma daga ƙaramin kwan fitila a cikin Yuli, wanda zai zama abu mafi kyau don dasa shuki a cikin hunturu akan babban kwan fitila na tafarnuwa.
An dasa ƙananan kwararan fitila a cikin lambun.
Tsarin gado
Tsawon gadaje na iya zama 12 - 15 cm, nisa - babu sama da cm 90. A 1 m? 3ara kilogiram 3 na humus ko takin, wani tablespoon na superphosphate da tono, matakin kuma yi a saman gadaje na tsagi tare da zurfin 2-3 cm a nesa na 10 cm daga juna. Ana sanya fitila a cikin tsagi a nesa na cm 1-2. Sa’annan an rufe da ango a ƙasa tare da hagu a ƙarƙashin hunturu.
Idan alkawuran hunturu za su yi sanyi, to gadaje suna mulched, an rufe su da sawdust tare da Layer 2 - 3. Ana cire waɗannan furen a bazara, da zaran ƙasa ta fara narkewa.
Shuka kulawa lokacin bazara-bazara iri ɗaya ce da dasa tafarnuwa tare da albasa.
Abubuwan kwararan fitila na tafarnuwa. A tafarnuwa. Z H. ZellTafarnuwa Tafarnuwa
Girbi tafarnuwa hunturu shine ƙarshen Yuli - farkon watan Agusta. Alamar ripening tafarnuwa tafarnuwa na shoot iri suna fatattaka daga cikin inflorescence wrapper, kuma a cikin tsire-tsire a kan abin da kibanya aka yanke, cikakken yellowing da kuma masauki daga cikin ganyayyaki.
Idan kun makara don girbi tafarnuwa, to asirin suturar zai fara fashewa, kwan fitila da kanta zai watse cikin hakora. Irin wannan tafarnuwa bai dace da ajiya ba.
Bayan yin digging tare da farar fata, tafarnuwa ya bushe har zuwa kwanaki 12 a karkashin wata alfarwa ko a cikin wani wuri mai faɗi, a cikin girgije mai duhu dole ne a cire shi zuwa ɗakin.
Girma spring tafarnuwa
Tafarnuwa ta tafarnuwa tana girma ne kamar yadda tafarnuwa hunturu akan filayen girbi, tare da ƙari takin gargajiya da ma'adinai iri ɗaya kuma bisa ga magabata iri ɗaya. An dasa hakoran tafarnuwa na bazara a nesa na cm 6 cm tare da raunin 20-25 cm zurfin ƙwayoyin haƙora na 2-3 cm daga ƙasa zuwa saman kabad. Ba da shawarar rufe haƙoran hakora cikin zurfi ba, in ba haka ba tafarnuwa ta farfado daga baya.
A tafarnuwa. Zia MaysAna shuka tafarnuwa na bazara a farkon lokacin - Afrilu 20-25. Girma na cloves na tafarnuwa bazara idan aka kwatanta da hunturu ya ɗan ƙarami. Kafin dasa shuki, kwan fitila ya kasu kashi hakora, kai tsaye ana basu ma'anar girman su kuma an dasa manyan, matsakaita da karamin daban. Shuka tafarnuwa a cikin ƙasa mai laima. Lokacin dasa shuki, bai kamata a matse hakora cikin ƙasa ba, yayin da aka matse ƙasa kuma ana hana ci gaban tushe. Wajibi ne don yin tsagi na zurfin da ake buƙata akan gado kuma sanya hakora a ciki.
Lokacin da seedlings suka bayyana, suna ciyar da takin nitrogen. A cikin 10 l na ruwa, ana narkar da tablespoon na urea da gilashin mullein, 3 l na bayani a 1 m² yana cinyewa. Ana sake maimaita wannan rigar ɗin kwana 10 bayan na farko. Carearin kulawa ya ƙunshi a cikin weeding weeds, kwance zuwa zurfin m (1.5 -2 cm). A watan Mayu da Yuni, ana adana ƙasa kuma ana shayar da sau ɗaya a kowace kwanaki 5-6.
A farkon samuwar albasa, tsire-tsire suna buƙatar phosphorus-potassium hadi. A cikin ruwa 10 na ruwa, 2 cokali biyu na superphosphate na biyu da tablespoon na potassium sulfate ko potassium chloride ana bred. Yawan ciyarwa shine 5 l na bayani a kowace 1 m². Ana kuma maimaita wannan rigar miya bayan kwana 10. Tsakanin suttura, an ƙara ash na itace zuwa tsire-tsire a cikin nauyin gilashin 1 a 1 m².
Ana cire tafarnuwa Spring lokacin da ganyen ƙananan rukunin suna bushewa sosai, da kuma lokacin da ganyen ganyen ya kasance mai rawaya da kwana - daga Agusta 20 zuwa Satumba 10. An samo tafarnuwa daga ƙasa kuma an shimfiɗa shi akan gado don bushewa na kwanaki 6-8. Sannan a girbe kuma a yanka. Tsawon wuyan hagu bayan tsinkaya shine 4 -5 cm.
Bayan bushewa sosai, an sanya kwararan kwararan tafarnuwa a cikin ajiya. Ana iya adanar shi a cikin ruwan dumi (17 ... 18 ° С) da sanyi (1 ... 3 ° С).
Dubi kuma bayananmu dalla-dalla: Yadda za a shuka kyakkyawan tafarnuwa?
Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su:
- Encyclopedia na lambu da kuma lambu - O. Ganichkina, A. Ganichkin.
