Hellebore (Helleborus) ko kuma '' rashin hular hunturu '' ciyayi ne na gargajiya daga dangin Lyutikov, masu lambobi sama da biyu daban daban. A cikin yanayi na al'ada, al'ada tana girma a wurare masu inuwa. Ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a yankin Balkan da kuma a Asiya ,arama, a cikin ƙasashen Rum. Matsakaicin matsakaicin tsirran shine 20 cm santimita. Hellebore blooms a farkon bazara, lokacin sanyi kwanaki da dare har yanzu zai yiwu, tunda yana da tsananin juriya da juriya sanyi. Furanni suna fitowa tare tare da wasu albarkatu na bazara - crocuses, copses, hyacinths. 'Yan lambu da masu shukar furanni suna jin daɗin palebore furen furanni, wanda ya haɗa da fari da rawaya, ruwan hoda da shunayya, shunayya da ruwan shuɗi masu duhu. Wasu nau'ikan sun bambanta da furanni na fure da furanni biyu.
A fure perennial kunshi mai sauki rauni branched kara, muhimmi fata, ganye, dogon pedicels tare da kofin-dimbin yawa fure da kuma lokacin farin ciki rhizome na kananan tsawon. Itace wanda ba'a bayyana shi ba yana jure sanyi da zafi, sanyi da fari, yana da babban sakamako na ado, amma mallakar amfanin gona mai guba. Dole ne a la'akari da wannan fasalin yayin girma hellebore a cikin lambu. Mafi mashahuri nau'in sune hellebore "Black", "Caucasian", "Abkhazian", "Gabas", "Smelly", "Corsican", "Reddish", "Hybrid". Mafi kyawun nau'ikan sune Prexox, Potters Will, White Swan, Rock da Roll, Wester Flisk, Violet, Belinda.
Hellebore dasa
Yaushe shuka hellebore
Lokaci mai dacewa don dasa shuki hellebore a cikin ƙasa shine farkon Afrilu ko tsakiyar watan Satumba. Moroznik ya danganta da juyawa. Sabili da haka, yakamata a zabi wuri mai ɗorewa don tsirrai, don kada ku cutar da su a nan gaba. Moroznik na iya girma a wuri guda tsawon kusan dozin shekaru.
Matsakaicin girma tsiro na fure na iya zama a cikin inuwa ko kuma inuwa, a cikin kusancin kusa da dasa bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi. Abubuwan da ake buƙata na hellebore zuwa ƙasa shine haske, matsakaici matsakaici, abinci mai gina jiki da tsaka tsaki. A cikin wuraren yumbu, ana buƙatar malalewa mai kyau.
A cikin cikin infield, shuka zai iya zama kusa da yawancin albarkatu na farkon tsiro na ganye, amma yana kama da babban hellebore da aka dasa a kananan kungiyoyi.
Yadda ake shuka hellebore
Girman ramin saukowa don shuka shine santimita 30 a faɗi da zurfi. Nisa tsakanin faɗin ƙasa kusan santimita 40 ne.
A santimita 15, ramin ya cika da takin, an sanya seedling a kai, a hankali dukkan ƙarar yana cike da ƙasa mai lambun. Bayan cika ramin ramin, ƙasa tana ɗauka da sauƙi kuma an fara shayar da ruwa na farko.
Kula da hellebore na waje
A cikin kwanakin 15-20 na farko bayan dasa shuki, tsire-tsire matasa suna buƙatar yawan dumama na ƙasa. Nan gaba, za a buƙaci ruwa a cikin ƙarami, amma a kai a kai.
A cikin bazara, ana ɗaukar matakan kariya don taimakawa hana fitowar cututtuka daban-daban da cututtukan fungal (alal misali, tabo na fungal). An bada shawarar tsohuwar ganyayyakin shekarar da ta gabata don cire kafin farkon lokacin furanni, saboda zasu iya zama tushen kamuwa da cuta.
Dandanawa growers rika rika ciyawa kasar gona bayan wilting furanni. An gabatar da ciyawa a cikin yankin kusa da tsire-tsire. Takin ko lalata peat zai zama abu mai kyau ga ciyawa.
Kulawar ƙasa ta ƙunshi gudanar da weeding na yau da kullun, ƙananan kwance.
Frostweed yana buƙatar ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin takin mai magani, wanda dole ne a yi amfani da shi sau biyu a lokacin bazara. Lokacin farko ana amfani da takin ma'adinai mai ma'ana, karo na biyu shine gabatar da abincin kashi a cikin ƙasa.
Hellebore bayan fure
Yaro mai tsufa mai tsayayya da sanyi da sanyi baya buƙatar tsari na hunturu, amma irin wannan kariyar game da hunturu bazai hana matasa tsirrai ba, musamman a wajajen da ke da ɗan dusar ƙanƙara ko sanyi mai sanyi. Dogara mai dogaro ga furanni zai bushe bushewa ko rassan rassan da aka watsu ko'ina cikin lambun.
Hellebore kiwo
Tsarin iri
Ana amfani da hanyar yaduwar iri mafi yawan lokuta ta hanyar lambu da kuma lambu. An girbe tsaba cikakke hellebore a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Yuni. Saboda haka kayan iri ba ya murƙushe ƙasa, ana bada shawara don sa jaka a kan akwatunan 'ya'yan itace, wanda tsararren ya faɗi. Yankin da aka shuka sabo ne za'a iya shuka shi nan da nan don seedlings. Wannan zai buƙaci ƙasa humus na musamman, a baya an daɗa shi da bushe. Zurfin dasa shuki ya kusan santimita 1.5. M seedlings zai fara a ƙarshen Fabrairu - farkon Maris. Kula da tsirrai matasa shine sanyaya ƙasa a kai a kai. Shuka albarkatu tare da cikakkun ganye na 3-4 sun nutse a cikin rukunin yanar gizon, inda suke a cikin yanayin inuwa. A wannan wuri hellebore yana girma har tsawon shekaru 2-3, bayan wannan an canza shi zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa. Lokacin da ba'a dace ba don dasawa shine farkon watan Afrilu ko farkon Satumba. Farkon fure zai bayyana ne kawai a shekara ta huɗu.
Sake bugun ta hanyar rarraba daji
Shuke-shuke akalla shekaru 5 sun dace da wannan hanyar yaduwa. Bayan ƙarshen bazara na fure, ana bada shawarar hellebore bushes don tono sama da rarraba rhizomes zuwa sassa da yawa. Ya kamata a yayyafa wuraren da aka yanka da gawayi ko gawayi, bayan wannan za'a iya dasa masu raba gado nan da nan akan gado na fure ko gadon filawa a cikin ramuka ta sauka. Wasu nau'in hellebore, alal misali, "Gabas", ana yaduwa ta hanyar rarraba daji a cikin kaka.
Cutar da kwari
Moroznik yana da tsayayya sosai ga kwari da cututtuka daban-daban. A cikin lokuta mafi wuya, kwari suka bayyana, sannan kuma hanyoyi masu amfani ko shirye-shiryen kemikal na musamman su isa wurin ceto. Kowane kwaro yana da kayan aikinsa da aka tabbatar da inganci:
- Katantanwa da kuma slugs za a tattara da hannu;
- Mice za a iya lalata ta da guba na musamman, wanda dole ne a bazu cikin waɗancan wuraren da ɓarnatansu suka bayyana;
- Aphids zai mutu bayan magani tare da Biotlin ko Antitlin;
- Macizai masu yawan cin ganyayyaki na hellebore zasu shuɗe bayan sun fesa tare da Actellik.
Wasu kwari masu cutarwa suna ɗaukar kamuwa da cuta. Misali, aphids sune babban magabacin cutar tabo. Recommendedangarorin tsire-tsire da wannan cuta ta lalace suna bada shawarar a cire su gaba ɗaya kuma a ƙone su, sauran sassa masu lafiya da sauran tsire-tsire marasa lahani ya kamata a bi da su ta hanyar fungicides.
Babban alamun anthracnose sune wurare da yawa na tabarau masu launin ruwan kasa-ƙasa akan faranti na hellebore. Dukkanin waɗannan ganye an bada shawarar a cire su ba tare da gazawa ba. Za'a iya shawo kan wannan cutar mai haɗari tare da magunguna masu ɗauke da ƙwayoyi na musamman waɗanda ake amfani dasu don feshin amfanin gona.
Powdery mildew yana da wuya a bi da. Itace ta daina yin girma, sabbin ganye suna gushewa suna bayyana a kai, kuma tuni wadancan da suke da su sun kasance suna rufe duffai masu duhu a gefe guda, kuma tare da launin shuɗi mai launin toka a ɗaya gefen, bayan wannan suna juyawa ko maras kyau. Matakan don adana albarkatu na fure sune cikakke pruning na duk ganye da suka lalace da sarrafa su da magunguna na musamman. "Previkur" da "Copper oxychloride" suna da kyakkyawan sakamako.
Sau da yawa bayyanar cutar a cikin hellebore yana haɗuwa da keta dokokin kulawa da kulawa. Irin wannan cin zarafin ya haɗa da danshi mai yawa a cikin ƙasa, karancin abinci mai gina jiki, tsawan fari, zaɓi mara kyau na dasa wuri da abun da bai dace na ƙasa ba akan gonar fure da sauran su.
Misali, perennials na fure basu da alaƙa da ƙasa tare da babban matakin acidity. Don sanin wannan matakin, kuna buƙatar gudanar da gwaji mai sauƙi. Smallarancin ƙasa daga gado mai filawa ko gadon filawa (1-2 na cokali 1-2) ana zuba shi saman gilashin da ke kwance akan teburin, kuma ana shayar da shi tare da 1-2 tablespoons na vinegar. Foamawan kumfa zai ba da siginar alkaline na ƙasa, matsakaici - tsaka tsaki, da kuma rashin kumfa yana nuna yawan acid ɗin. A cikin maganar ta karshen, ana bada shawara don gabatar da gari na dolomite ko ash na itace a cikin ƙasa a wurin.
Abubuwan amfani da warkarwa na hellebore
Magungunan gargajiya na amfani da hellebore wajen magance cututtuka da yawa. Ana amfani da tsire-tsire na magani don urolithiasis da cholelithiasis, don matsaloli tare da ciki da hanji, tare da zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, don maƙarƙashiya da rheumatism. Moroznik yana shafar sukari na jini, yana da tasirin diuretic, yana ƙarfafa tsarin rigakafi da sauƙaƙa ciwon kai, yana magance osteochondrosis da sanyi na yau da kullun, yana taimakawa wajen yaƙar oncology a farkon matakan kuma yana tsaftace jini. Za'a iya ci gaba da jerin halayen warkarwa na dogon lokaci.
Babban albarkatun kasa don maganin gargajiya shine tushen ɓangaren shuka, daga inda aka shirya kayan ado da tinctures. Amma mafi kyawun bangaren warkarwa shine foda da aka samo daga tushen hellebore bushe.
Tare da duk fa'idodin da yawa na perennial na magani, wanda ya isa ya manta game da yiwuwar contraindications da yawan abin sama da ya kamata, wanda ya bayyana tare da zaɓin magani mai zaman kansa. Sai bayan tattaunawa tare da gwani za a iya amfani da shirye-shiryen hellebore, tunda ya ƙunshi adadin abubuwa masu guba.
