Kayani

Irin wannan shuka kamar iris (Iris) ana kuma kiranta cockerel ko kisa kifi. Wannan tsararren tsiro na zamani mallakar nasa ne na rhizomatous, ga dangin iris ko irisaceae (Iridaceae). Kuna iya haɗuwa da irin waɗannan furanni a kusan kowane kusurwar duniyar. Wannan halittar tana hade kusan nau'ikan nau'ikan 700. An fassara sunan irin wannan fure a matsayin "bakan gizo". Hippocrates kansa ya ba da wannan shuka don girmamawa ga gunkin bakan gizo Iris. Labarin ya ce a daidai lokacin da Prometheus ya ba mutane wuta, bakan gizo ya haskaka - wannan abin farin ciki ne ga yanayi. Wannan bakan gizo yana haskaka rana da rana, kuma bayan da hasken rana ya haskaka duniya, mutane sun yi mamakin ganin kyawawan furanni waɗanda ba na zamani ba da ake kira irises. Suna kama da bakan gizo. Florence (wanda ke nufin "hurewa") ya sami irin wannan suna daga Romawa don gaskiyar cewa a cikin filayen da ke kusa da garin, iris masu yawa sun girma. Wannan tsiro mai ban mamaki yana girma kimanin shekaru dubu 2. Abin ado ne mai ban sha'awa na kowane lambun, har ma ana fitar da kayan masarufi masu mahimmanci daga irises, daga abin da aka sanya ainihin abubuwan masana'antar ƙona turare.

Siffofin irises

Irises suna da rhizomes wanda tushen sa ke tsiro wanda ke da kamar igiya-kamar siffar filiform. Shekarun fure daya na shekara ɗaya ko ɗaya ne. Filatin bakin ciki na bakin ciki mai layi biyu mai laushi suna da siffar xiphoid, layin layi suna da wuya. A bisa farfajiyarsu wata takaddara ce mai kauri. An tattara su a gindin furen tare da bunchin mai fasalin fanko, yayin da ganyen ganyayyaki basa nan da nan. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, fure-fure ne kawai, amma ba a samun manyan inflorescences akan irin tsire-tsire ba. Yawancin lokuta masu ƙanshi ne kuma suna da babban girma, ana bambanta su da wani sabon abu wanda ba a saba gani ba, da kuma launi mara kyau. Don haka, launi zai iya zama launuka iri-iri, haka kuma haɗakar su iri-iri. Furen yana da furanni 6, waɗanda sune madaukai na gida. Abubuwan lobes na waje a cikin adadin guda 3 ana karkatar da su kuma suna da launi daban-daban daga lobes na sama. Fawayen madaukai na sama sunyi kama da bututu a siffar. Fulawa yana gudana daga Mayu zuwa Yuli. A lokaci guda, furanni 2 ko 3 sun yi fure, kuma basa bushewa tsakanin kwanaki 1-5. 'Ya'yan itace akwati uku ne.

Babban nau'ikan da iri tare da hotuna

Esansandan Iris

A cikin siffar fure, an rarraba tushen iris zuwa gemu da gemu. Gemu ya sami wannan suna don kasancewar a saman farfajiyar gashin gashi. Suna da nasu rarrabuwa (na matsakaici, daidaitacce mai matsakaici, mai matsakaici mai tsayi, mai tsayi, ƙanƙanuwa, ƙaramar-matsakaici, ƙaramar ƙarama, daidaitaccen kayan aiki, aryl-breds, kanti, aryl-breds da aryls, aryl-kamar aryl-breds da aryls, aryl-aryl-aryl-aryl-aryl-aryl] Bayan haka, masana kimiyya ne kawai ke amfani da irin wannan rarrabuwa, kuma talakawa lambu sunsan wadannan tsirrai, kamar berises na manyan masu girma dabam.

Jamusanci Iris

Dogon gemu da ake kiransa kuma ana kiran shi Jamaniyanci. Irin wannan tsire-tsire yana da ɗaruruwan ɗaruruwan nau'ikan daban-daban, kuma shine mafi mashahuri a tsakanin duk rukunin wake. Yawancin nau'ikan da suka fi shahara sune: Tekun Baltic - fure mai tsananin ƙarfi tare da tsananin launin shuɗi da gemu mai shuɗi; Bewilderbest - furanni masu furen suna zane a cikin launi mai launin burgundy-mai launin shuɗi, kuma a saman akwai sanduna da rabe-rabe na launin shuɗi da launin shuɗi; Acoma - launuka na shuɗi masu launin shuɗi tare da hauren giwa, akwai kuma iyakokin launi lavender. Ya shahara sosai a Amurka.

Non-gemu irises

Ga irin irises ɗin sun haɗa da: Jafananci, spuria, California, Siberian, Louisiana, fadama, da sauran irises (interspecific da nau'in). Mafi mashahuri a cikin tsakiyar latitude sune:

Siberian iris

Ana iya fenti cikin launuka daban-daban daga shuɗi mai duhu zuwa shuɗi. Koyaya, a yanzu akwai kusan nau'ikan dubu 1, launinta wanda zai iya bambanta sosai. Misali, farin Sarauniya Snow; Batts da Suga suna da launi mai rawaya da iyakar kan iyaka; Itace Opal na Opal ya kai tsawo na santimita 80, kuma furanninta masu launin ruwan hoda suna da nisan kusan 10 cm. Furanni na irin wannan shuka suna da kyau sosai, amma basu da wari.

Jafananci na iris (Kempflera, xiphoid)

Furen furanni na Orchid suna da girma (diamita har zuwa 25 santimita), kuma basu da ƙanshi. Godiya ga masu shayarwa a Japan, terry (kuma ana kiran shi hana-shobu) da iris na Japan masu yawa. Amma waɗannan nau'ikan ba sa tsayayya da sanyi. Don latitudes na tsakiya ana bada shawara don zaɓar: "Nessa-No-Mai" - diamita na furanni mai launin shuɗi-furanni na iya isa santimita 23; "Solveig" - ana fentin furanni a cikin launi mai launin lilac; "Vasily Alferov" - furanni marasa launuka biyu suna da launin tawada.

Iris murad

Itatacciyar shuka mai matukar dacewa tayi kama da bulbous iris xyphium, amma tana ficewa cikin girma. Ba ji tsoron fari da sanyi. Mafi kyawun nau'ikan: Lemon Touch - yadin da aka saka ruwan lemo-rawaya suna da alamar zinare mai duhu, tsayin daji ya kai santimita ɗari; Canji - daji kuma na iya kaiwa tsayin santimita ɗari, launin furanni ya bambanta daga shuɗi-violet zuwa ruwan duhu, siginar tagulla ne; Stella Irene - wani daji ya kai tsayin santimita 90, furanni baƙi da shunayya suna da ƙaramar siginar zinariya.

Wamwanƙwasa Iris

Wannan nau'in, ba kamar sauran ba, ya fi son girma a cikin ƙasa mai laima. Furen furanni za'a iya fentin su a wasu launuka masu launin rawaya, kuma ana amfani dasu galibi don yin kwalliyar kwalliyar wucin gadi. Mafi shahararrun nau'ikan sune: "Golden Sarauniya" - furanni rawaya; "Flore Pleno" - yana da furanni biyu; "Umkirch" launin ruwan hoda.

Ya danganta da launi da furanni, iri-iri sun kasu kashi biyu:

• monochromatic - duk lobes suna da launi iri ɗaya;
• sautin biyu - abubuwan hannun jari da ke ƙasa da na sama ana zane su a cikin launuka daban-daban na launi iri ɗaya;
• sautin biyu - launin launi na ƙananan da babba ya bambanta;
• variegate - lobes rawaya a sama da launin ruwan kasa masu launin shuɗi a ƙasa;
• amena - babba lobes suna da fari;
• bordered ko plikata - akwai iyakar launi mai banbanci ko dai akan dukkan lobs, ko kuma akan ƙananan ƙananan;
• Kofar waje - canji daga wannan inuwa mai launi zuwa wancan yana da santsi.

Siffofin Girma

Yawancin lambu da ba su da kwarewa sun yi imani da cewa girma irises yana da wuya. Koyaya, a zahiri wannan ya yi nisa da batun. Kawai don wadannan tsire-tsire su girma da ci gaba na yau da kullun, kar a manta da rulesan dokoki kaɗan don kula da su:

1. Rhizomes irin waɗannan furanni suna girma a cikin hanyar kwance, kuma a lokaci guda, wani ɓangaren ɓangaren yana fallasa, tunda yazo saman. Kafin hunturu, ana bada shawara a rufe waɗannan tsire tare da peat ko ƙasa don kare su daga daskarewa. A cikin bazara, wannan Layer dole ne a cire shi a hankali.
2. A peculiarity irin wannan tsire-tsire shi ne cewa suna iya motsawa. Don haka, a lokacin kakar za su iya matsawa zuwa gefe ta hanyar 'yan santimita. Saboda haka, an bada shawarar dasa su da fan faranti tare da jere. A wannan yanayin, layuka za su kasance da ƙari.
3. Gashin itacen iris ana shuka shi ta amfani da yashi. An zuba yashi a cikin ramin da aka shirya cikin ƙasan, Tushen yana daidaita akan sa. Ya kamata a lura cewa idan shuka yana zurfafa zurfi, zai iya mutu ko ba fure.
4. Ba shi yiwuwa a yi amfani da takin gargajiya don miya. Tsarin ma'adinai mai ma'adinan ya fi dacewa.

Yadda ake shuka

Yaushe shuka irises? Zaɓin wurin zama

Mafi yawan lambu yi imani da cewa nan da nan bayan flowering na irises, ya kamata a haƙa sama, raba da dasa a cikin m wuri. Domin in ba haka ba suna iya basu lokaci su fara kafin farkon lokacin hunturu. Koyaya, a cikin taron cewa a cikin yankinku akwai doguwar girka mai tsayi kuma mai tsayi, to ba za ku iya rusa da yawa tare da dasawar irises ba. Irin waɗannan furanni a zahiri ana iya dasa su daga bazara zuwa kaka, amma bayan sun ƙare da lokacin furanni. Ka tuna cewa yakamata a dasa ayoyin a kalla sau 1 a cikin shekaru 3 ko 4. Koyaya, iris na Siberian na iya girma a wuri guda na kimanin shekaru 10. Idan ba ku yi dasawa ba, to, ciyawar da ta yi ƙasa ta daina yin fure.

Don rigar berises, ya kamata ka zaɓi wuri mai nisa daga zane, wanda yakamata ya kasance a kan tudu ko gangara, tunda yana da muhimmanci sosai cewa wurin yana daɗaɗa ruwa kuma akwai zubar ruwa mai narkewa. Ana shawarar saukowa daga safiya zuwa abincin rana. Ga nau'in Siberian da bogi, kuna buƙatar zaɓar wurare tare da ƙasa mai laima. Babu shakka duk irises na buƙatar ƙasa mai wadata a cikin abubuwan gina jiki. Don gyara ƙasa mara kyau, kafin dasa shuki irises a cikin bazara, kuna buƙatar ƙara takin ko ƙasa mai maƙogwaro, da takin mai-foda-potassium. An bada shawara don ƙara alli, gari dolomite ko ash na itace zuwa ƙasa mai acidic. An bada shawara don ƙara yashi da peat a cikin loam, kuma ƙasa mai fure a cikin yashi. Kafin dasa shuki irises, ana bada shawarar zazzage ƙasa. Don yin wannan, dole ne a shayar da shi tare da kashe-kashe, da kuma gudanar da magani tare da herbicides daga ciyawa ciyawa. Ba za a iya kawo taki a ƙasa ba.

Lokacin dasa ruwa

Abun da aka sayi kayan shuka, da kuma wanda aka adana duk lokacin hunturu, dole ne a kula dashi tare da wakili mai tasowa (Zircon ko Ecogel). Idan tushen yana da tsayi, to, suna buƙatar yanke, wuraren da akwai alamun lalacewar, kuna buƙatar yanke shi a hankali. Tushen ya kamata a tsoma shi na uku na sa'a a cikin maganin potassiumgangan na kamuwa da cuta. Yi rami mara zurfi sosai sai a zuba ƙasa a ciki tare da tuddai. Dole ne a sanya romo na gashin gemu domin a kwance yake. Yada tushen kuma yayyafa rami domin kawai ɓangaren ɓangaren rhizome ya ragu sama da ƙasa. Sannan iris yakamata a shayar dashi sosai. Idan abin da ya faru shine cewa dukkan rhizome ƙasa ne, to wannan yawanci yakan haifar da bayyanar rot. Gwanin gemu, akasin haka, dole ne a binne fewan santimita a cikin ƙasa. Ya kamata a zuba wani ciyawar ciyawa (peat ko fadadden allura) a kai, wanda zai taimaka wajen kula da danshi. Ya kamata a ce rijiyoyin aƙalla aƙalla centimita 50.

Autar saukowa

Tsarin kaka bai banbanta sosai da lokacin bazara. An ba da shawarar aiwatar da shi a ƙarshen lokacin bazara, lokacin da lokacin furanni ya ƙare. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana ba da shawara don aiwatar da juyawa daga Agusta zuwa ranakun Satumba na ƙarshe, amma ya kamata a ɗauka a zuciya cewa wani canjin da ya gabata zai ba da damar tsire-tsire su ci gaba da ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Tona daji tare da fenti, sannan kuma raba shi cikin hanyoyin haɗin shekara tare da shebur mai ganye. Dole ne a taƙaita Tushen igiyar da kerar wayar, a cire waɗancan wuraren da lalacewa ko halayen lalata. Sa'an nan kuma ya kamata a sanya masu raba na tsawon awanni 2 a cikin duhu mai ruwan hoda na potassiumgangan na kamuwa da cuta. Bayan haka, suna buƙatar saka su cikin wuri mai duhu na tsawon awanni 4-5. Shuka delenki ya zama iri ɗaya kamar na bazara. Ya kamata a bar tazara ta kusan santimita 50 tsakanin rijiyoyin manyan matakan, 20 santimita tsakanin tsayi-tsayi, da kuma santimita 15 tsakanin ƙarami.

Kulawar Iris

Dokoki don kula da lambun irises

Wannan tsire-tsire ne mai dumi da daukar hoto. Yana da muhimmanci musamman ga ruwa irises akai-akai kuma in mun gwada da yalwa a lokacin da toho samuwar. Ragowar lokaci, ya kamata a yi ruwa kawai idan ƙasa ƙasa kusa da rhizome ta bushe sosai.

Idan a cikin bazara, kafin dasa shuki Iris, kuna amfani da takin ƙasa zuwa ƙasa, sannan a lokacin daukacin kakar, a matsayin mai mulkin, shuka ba zai buƙaci takin ba. A cikin taron cewa har yanzu kuna yanke shawarar takin ƙasa, to, don wannan ya kamata ku yi amfani da taki na potassium-phosphorus a cikin ruwa mai ruwa. Ya kamata a gabatar da shi kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin tushe yayin tsawon girma. An haramta ciyar da iris a lokutan furanni.

Duk kakar zai zama dole don cire ciyawa mai dacewa. Lallai ne zaka cire ciyayi da hannu. Gaskiyar ita ce, tushen tsarin yana sararin samaniya kuma yana da kusanci sosai ga ƙasa. Dangane da wannan, lokacin da muke farawa tare da cakulan, zaku iya lalata shi ba da gangan ba. Kodayake ba kasafai ba ne, ya kamata a sake yin ƙasa. Wannan hanya ya kamata a aiwatar tare da taka tsantsan, yin hankali kada ku lalata tushen sa. Gardenerswararrun lambu suna ba ku shawara don cire furanni wilted, tun da kwari zasu iya tsayawa kan shuka saboda su.

Karin kwari da cututtuka

Mafi inganci kuma nau'ikan iri sun fi saurin kamuwa da kwari da cututtuka. Don kare rigakafi daga cututtuka, ya zama wajibi a bi duk ka'idodi na nau'in halittar noma. Hakanan, tabbatar da ganin yadda tsire-tsire suke ji a duk tsawon lokacin. Da zaran kun lura cewa wani abu ba daidai ba ne game da irises, ya kamata ku ɗauki matakan da suka dace. Idan daji yana kamuwa da fusarium ko wasu rot, kuna buƙatar aiwatar da sauri sosai. Dole ne a kakkarya tsire kuma ya lalace. Don wasu dalilai na rigakafin, dole ne a shayar da sauran bushes a ƙarƙashin tushe da tushen tare da mafita na foundationazole, wanda ya zama kashi biyu. Hakanan ana bada shawarar wannan kayan aikin don sarrafa rhizomes kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. A wannan yanayin, haɗarin rot zai kasance ƙasa da ƙasa. Maganin Bordeaux cakuda (1%), wanda ya kamata a fesa shi da ganye, zai iya kare tsirrai daga aibobi daban-daban.

Sau da yawa, scoops zauna a kan tsire-tsire. Suna cinye mai tushe na farfajiyar. Bayan wannan, farfajiyar ta zama rawaya da bushewa. Ya kamata a ɗauki matakan kariya a farkon farkon lokacin girma. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar sau biyu don bi da tsire-tsire tare da maganin kalbofos (10%), yayin da tazara ta zama kwanaki 7 tsakanin jiyya. Hakanan Gladiolus thrips zai iya tsayawa. Suna haifar da cin zarafin photosynthesis a cikin foliage, saboda abin da ya zama launin ruwan kasa kuma ya mutu. Idan aka sami wata itaciya da yaɗar tsiro, to kuwa kutututtukan ta zasu zama marasa daɗi kuma zazzage su. Thrips ji mafi kyau a bushe lokacin bazaar. Irin waɗannan kwari za a iya yin yaƙi kamar yadda suke da scoops ta amfani da karbofos, kuma jiko wanda aka shirya daga 400 g na shag, wanda yakamata a kiyaye shi sati daya da rabi, yana da tasiri sosai. Hakanan, 40 g na murƙushe tare da grater, an ƙara sabulu mai wanki a ciki. Slugs iya cutar da irin tsire-tsire. Don rabu da mu da su, ya zama dole don sanya ganyayyaki burdock sabo ko ciyayi a cikin hanyoyin. Lokacin da tutocin ke ɓoye a ƙarƙashinsu, kawai dai kun tattara su tare da Raguna kuma ku hallaka su. Idan akwai wasu tarkoki masu yawa, sannan cikin yanayin rana, da sanyin safiya ko da yamma, irondehyde da aka saki a cikin manya-manyan ya kamata a rarraba shi akan shafin, kawai ta watsar dashi. A wannan yanayin, daga 1 zuwa 40 g na abu ya kamata ya tafi kowace mita 1 murabba'i.

Irises bayan fure

A cikin taron cewa ba a sa ran seedling a wannan shekara, ana bada shawara don cire sandunan fure bayan tsire-tsire ya fure. Idan yellowing na ganye ruwan fara, yana da kyau a yanke su ta hanyar yin semicircular tip siffar. Don haka, irises zai kasance kyawawan kayan ado na gonar kuma zasu sami lokaci kafin hunturu don samun abubuwan da ake buƙata, da ƙarfi. Tare da lokacin kaka mai dumi, fure na biyu yakan faru. Bayan farantin ganye ya bushe, dole ne a yanke su, barin kawai santimita 10-15.Scraps dole ne a lalata (ƙone), tun da kwayoyin cuta, har ma da qwai na kwari masu cutarwa, na iya zama a saman farjinsu.

Kafin lokacin sanyi, hunturu yakamata a rufe shi da ƙasa, kuma tare da lokacin farin ciki (santimita 8) na ciyawa (peat ko yashi). A cikin yanayin yayin da ake tsammanin zazzage zafin jiki mai ƙarfi a cikin fall ko a cikin hunturu, kuna buƙatar rufe irises tare da rassan spruce ko ganye mai bushe. A cikin yanayin idan akwai dusar ƙanƙara a cikin hunturu, ba lallai ba ne don rufe tsire-tsire.

Adana ajiya na Iris

Dug ko samu rhizomes na gemu irises a kaka za a iya kiyaye su har zuwa farkon bazara, ajiye su a cikin damp da sanyi wuri. Bushe da rhizomes da kyau kuma saka su a cikin kwali mai buƙatar a rufe shi sosai. Ya kamata a sanya shi a kan loggia ko baranda. A lokaci guda, ana bada shawara don kunsa kowane rhizome tare da zane ko takarda, kuma zaku iya zuba su a cikin akwati tare da peat bushe ko daidai sawun.

Sauran irises sun gwammace wurin zama mai laima, dangane da wannan, don adana shi wajibi ne don sanya su cikin furen fure. Kafin dasawa, kuna buƙatar cire tushen dogon, kuma rhizome kanta ya kamata a saukar da shi kuma a riƙe shi a cikin mafita mai ƙarfi na potassiumgangan na ƙwayar cuta. Sannan dole ne ya bushe. Ba lallai ba ne don zurfafa rhizome, an ɗan yayyafa shi da ƙasa. A cikin bazara, dole ne a dauki ciyawar da aka dasa tare da dunƙule na ƙasa kuma a dasa a cikin ƙasa bude.