Shukewar Shuka. Kashi na 2: Lamunan wuta don tsirrai

Shukewar Shuka.

Kashi na 1: Me yasa baza haskaka tsirrai. Mintattun Lumens da Suites
Kashi na 2: Lamunan wuta don tsirrai
Kashi na 3: Zabi Tsarin Haske

Wannan labarin zai tattauna nau'ikan fitilu da ake amfani da su don haskaka tsirrai.
Akwai nau'ikan waɗannan nau'ikan guda biyu: irin waɗannan fitilu: incandescent lamp, wanda akwai walƙiya, da fitilu masu fitarwa, inda wutar take fitarwa ta hanyar cakuda gas. Za a iya haɗa fitilun da ke cikin lalacewa kai tsaye zuwa mafita; fitilu mai fitarwa suna buƙatar kayan ballast na musamman, wanda kuma ake kira ballast. Ba za a haɗa waɗannan fitilun ba, ko da yake wasu ababen hawa suna kama da hasken wutar lantarki. Sabbin fitilu masu amfani da wutar lantarki da aka haɗa su tare da ƙarairarin kara za'a iya goge su cikin soket ɗin.

Iskar kwararan fitila

Waɗannan fitilu, ban da na wutar lantarki mai ɗamara na yau da kullun, waɗanda aka zube cikin chandelier akan rufin, sun haɗa da wasu fitilu:

Halogen incandescent fitila tare da ginannen tunani

Halogen fitilua cikinsu akwai cakuda gas a cikin kwan fitila, wanda ke ba da damar ƙara haske da rayuwar fitilar. Kada ku rikita waɗannan fitilun tare da fitilun ƙarfe na farin ƙarfe, waɗanda galibi ana kiransu fitilun karfe. Sabbin fitilu suna amfani da cakuda gas na krypton da xenon. Sakamakon wannan, hasken haskakawa daga cikin karkace ya ma fi girma.

Wutar Lantarkiwanda flasks ɗin an yi su da gilashin ne tare da haɗarin neodymium (Chromalux Neodym, Eurostar Neodymium). Wannan gilashin yana ɗaukar ɓangaren launin rawaya-kore na bakan da abubuwa masu walƙiya na gani da haske. A zahiri, fitilar ba ta ba da haske fiye da na al'ada.

Bai kamata a yi amfani da fitilar da za'a lalata ba don haskaka tsirrai. Ba su dace da dalilai biyu ba - babu launuka masu shuɗi a cikin bakan (ɓangaren farko ya bayyana wannan) kuma suna da ƙananan fitowar haske (17-25 Lm / W). Dukkanin fitilun incandescent suna da zafi sosai, saboda haka ba za'a iya sanya su kusa da tsire-tsire ba, in ba haka ba tsire-tsire zasu ƙone. Kuma sanya wadannan fitilun a nesa da fiye da mita daya daga shuka ba kusan komai. Sabili da haka, a cikin ciyawar cikin gida, ana amfani da irin waɗannan fitilun don na musamman don dumama iska a cikin gidajen kora da tsire-tsire. Wani amfani da fitilar incandescent yana cikin haɗuwa tare da fitila mai kyalli, a cikin rawar da babu ɗan haske kaɗan. Misali, hadewar wutar fitila mai sanyin sanyi da fitila ta incandescent suna da kyakkyawar rawar gani. Koyaya, zai fi kyau amfani da fitilar sodium maimakon fitila mai lalacewa.

Kwanan nan, fitilu na musamman don hasken tsire-tsire sun bayyana a kan siyarwa, alal misali, OSRAM Concentra Spot Natura tare da haskaka ginannen ciki. Wadannan fitilun sun bambanta da na yau da kullun a farashin (kusan 80-100 rubles a Moscow don fitila mai ƙarfin 75-100 watts). Amma tsarin aiki, kuma, sakamakon haka, ingancin waɗannan fitilun daidai yake da na fitilun wutar lantarki na yau da kullun.

Manufa Sabuwar Fuka-fukai

Marubutan wannan nau'in an san kowa da kowa - daidaitattun hanyoyin hasken gida. Gilashin mai kyalli sun fi dacewa da tsirrai masu haske fiye da fitilun incandescent. Daga cikin fa'idodin, fitarwa mai haske (50-70 Lm / W), ƙarancin wutar lantarki mai zafi da kuma tsawon sabis na iya lura. Rashin ingancin irin waɗannan fitilun shine bakan ba gaba ɗaya yake tasiri don haskaka tsire-tsire. Koyaya, idan akwai isasshen haske, to bakan ba mahimmanci bane. Waɗannan fitilu suna buƙatar

Misalin tsarin samar da hasken wutar lantarki ta amfani da fitilun fitila

luminaires tare da kayan ballast na musamman (ballasts, ballast). Wannan kayan aikin yana da nau'i biyu - na lantarki (EMPR - maƙura tare da mai farawa) da lantarki (ballasts lantarki, ballast lantarki). Na biyu ya fi kyau: fitilun ba su ƙwanƙwasa lokacin da aka kunna su kuma aiki, rayuwa fitilar da adadin hasken da wutar lantarkin ke ƙaruwa. Wasu nau'ikan filastik na lantarki suna ba ku damar daidaita hasken haske na fitilun, alal misali, daga firikwensin hasken waje. Akwai matsala guda ɗaya kawai, idan mafi sauƙi a cikin Moscow yana da kusan 200 rubles, to, farashin don ballasts na lantarki yana farawa a 900 rubles, kuma ballasts na lantarki wanda aka daidaita yana da sama da 2000 rubles ba tare da na'urar tsarawa ba, wanda farashin $ $ 70 zuwa $ 90 (ɗayan irin wannan na'urar na iya sarrafawa kayan gyara da yawa).

Lamarfin fitila ya dogara da tsawonsa. Dogayen fitilu suna ba da ƙarin haske. Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi, idan ya yiwu, tsawan wuta da ƙarin iko, saboda suna da fitowar fitowar wuta. A takaice dai, fitilu 2 na watts 36 kowannensu ya fi 4 fitilun 18 watts 18 kowannensu.

Ya kamata a kunna fitilun da basu wuce rabin mita ba daga tsire-tsire. Mafi kyawun amfani da fitila mai kyalli shine shelves tare da tsire-tsire na kusan tsayi ɗaya. An saka fitilu a nesa har zuwa 15 cm don tsire-tsire masu daukar hoto, kuma a nesa na 15-50 cm don tsire-tsire waɗanda suka fi son inuwa mai fuska. A lokaci guda, ana sanya murhun baya tare da tsawon tsawon shiryayye ko satin.

Musamman fitilun fitila

Waɗannan fitilun sun bambanta da fitilun da aka saba amfani da su kawai ta hanyar rufe kan gilashin gilashi. Saboda wannan, jigon waɗannan fitilu suna kusa da bakan da tsirrai ke buƙata. A cikin Moscow, zaku iya samun fitilu daga masana'anta kamar OSRAM-Sylvania, Philips, GE, da sauransu. Ruwan da aka yi da Rasha tare da jigilar abubuwan hawa don haskaka tsirrai ba tukuna.

Farashi na fitilu na musamman sun ninka sau biyu kamar na fitila na gaba-gaba, amma a wasu lokutan hakan na tabbatar da kanta. A matsayin misali, kwarewar mutum ɗaya daga cikin marubutan (A. Litovkin): Lokacin da farkon lokacin hunturu ya shiga tsire-tsire, na lura cewa idan ba su bushe ba, ba shakka sun tsaya cikin ci gaba. An yanke shawara don haskaka su - an sanya fitila akan fitilu biyu 1200 mm. Da farko, an sanya fitilun da aka yi a cikin gida tare da farin farin sanyi a ciki. Tsire-tsire suna sake farfadowa, amma ba su yi rawar jiki ba don ci gaba. Bayan haka, bayan kusan wata guda, sai aka maye gurbin wutar ta gaba-gaba ta OSRAM Fluora. Bayan haka, tsire-tsire, kamar yadda suke faɗi, “ambaliyar ruwa”.

Idan kun kunna fitila maimakon na tsohuwar, yana da ma'ana a yi amfani da fitila ta musamman don tsirrai, tunda da iko iri ɗaya, irin wannan fitilar tana ba da ƙarin “amfani” ga tsirrai. Amma lokacin shigar da sabon tsari, zai fi kyau a saka wasu fitilu na yau da kullun masu iko (mafi kyawun fitilun fitila mai ƙarfi), tunda suna ba da ƙarin haske, wanda yake mafi mahimmancin tsire-tsire fiye da bakan.

Karamin fitilun fuloti

Waɗannan fitilu suna zuwa tare da ko ba tare da ginst in ballast. A cikin Moscow, ana gabatar da fitilun manyan masana'antun duniya da fitilu na gida (MELZ), waɗanda dangane da halaye kusan sun yi kama da takwarorinsu na ƙasashen waje, amma cikin farashi mai rahusa.

Karamin fitilar fitila

Fitila mai dauke da hasken wuta a ciki ta bambanta da fitilun fitilun fitila na gaba-daya a cikin kananan tsiraru da sauki don amfani - ana iya goge su cikin katun al'ada. Abin takaici, ana samar da irin waɗannan fitilu don maye gurbin fitilun ɓoye yayin ɗakunan fitilu, ƙyalƙyalinsu yayi kama da na fitilu masu ƙyalƙyali, waɗanda basu da inganci ga tsirrai.

Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da waɗannan fitilun don haskaka da dama, tsirrai na tsaye. Don samun kyandir na yau da kullun, ikon fitilar yakamata ya zama a kalla 20 W (kwatankwacin zuwa 100 W don fitilar incandescent), kuma nisan da tsirrai yai bai wuce santimita 30-40 ba.

A halin yanzu ana siyarwa akwai ƙananan fitilun fitila mai ƙarfin ƙarfi - daga 36 zuwa 55 watts. Wannan fitilun ana nuna su ta hanyar fitowar fitowar hasken wuta (20% -30%) idan aka kwatanta da fitilun fitilun al'ada, tsawon rai, kyakkyawar ma'anar launi (CRI> 90) da kuma launuka iri-iri wanda akwai launuka ja da shuɗi wanda tsire-tsire ke buƙata. Haƙaka yana ba ka damar amfani da fitilu yadda ya kamata tare da mai tunani, wanda yake da muhimmanci. Waɗannan fitilu sune mafi kyawun zaɓi don hasken fitilar tsire-tsire, tare da ƙaramin ƙaramin hasken wutar lantarki (har zuwa 200 watts na cikakken iko). Rashin kyau shine babban farashi da buƙatar amfani da ballast lantarki don ƙwararrun wutar lantarki.

Fitar da fitilun

Gas fitowar gas ne mafi nesa na haske. Suna nan a cikin girman. Babban fitowar haske yana ba da fitila ɗaya don haskaka tsire-tsire waɗanda suka mamaye babban yanki. Tare da waɗannan fitilu ya zama dole don amfani da ballasts na musamman. Ya kamata a lura cewa yana da ma'ana a yi amfani da irin waɗannan fitilun idan kuna buƙatar haske mai yawa - tare da cikakken ikon ƙasa da 200-300 W, mafi kyawun mafita shine amfani da ƙananan fitilun fitila.

Ana amfani da nau'ikan fitilu guda uku don haskaka tsire-tsire: Mercury, sodium, da halide karfe, wani lokacin ana kiranta fitilu halide.

Fitilun Mercury

OSRAM Floraset shuka mai haske tare da fitila mai ruɓaɓɓiyar fitila.

Mafi tsufa nau'in tarihi na dukkan fitilu fitarwa. Akwai fitilu da ba a rufe da suna da launin launi mai ƙarancin fahimta (komai yana kama da shuɗi mai shuɗi a ƙarƙashin hasken waɗannan fitilun) da sabbin fitilu waɗanda aka inganta waɗanda ke inganta halaye na gani. Hasken fitowar wadannan fitilun yayi kadan. Wasu kamfanoni suna samar da kayan girke-girke na tsire-tsire ta amfani da fitilar Mercury, alal misali, OSRAM Floraset. Idan kuna tsara sabon tsarin samar da hasken wuta, zai fi kyau ku guji fitilun fida.

Manyan Lambobin Sojin Sodium

Babban fitowar sodium fitilu

Babban fitilun sodium fitilu sune ɗayan hasken wutar lantarki mafi inganci dangane da fitowar haske. Ganyen wadannan fitilun da farko sun shafi alaramran tsire-tsire a cikin jan zangon bakan, wadanda ke da alhakin haifar da fure.

Daga abin da aka bayar don siyarwa, mafi mashahuri shine Reflax fitilu daga Svetotekhnika LLC na jerin DnA (duba hoto). Wadannan fitilu an yi su ne da ginanniya mai haskakawa; ana iya amfani dasu a kayan gyaran jiki ba tare da gilashi mai kariya ba (sabanin sauran fitilun sodium) kuma suna da matukar amfani sosai (sa'o'i 12-20 dubu).

Fitilar sodium yana ba da haske mai yawa, don haka babban fitilar yanki (250 W da sama) na iya haskaka babban yanki, nan da nan shine mafi kyawun haske don haskaka lambun hunturu da tarin tarin yawa. Koyaya, a irin waɗannan halaye ana bada shawara don canza su da Mercury ko fitilun karfe don daidaita bakan.

Karfe fitilun karfe

Karfe halide fitilu CDM (Philips) (Karfe walƙalum fitilu)

Manyan fitilu masu amfani da hasken shuka sune babban iko, dawwamammiyar hanya, da kuma ingantacciyar rawar gani. Abin baƙin ciki, waɗannan fitilun, musamman tare da ingantaccen bakan bakan, sun fi tsada nesa da sauran fitilun. A kan siyarwa akwai sabbin fitilu masu amfani da wutar lantar ta Furoflo (CDM), OSRAM (HCI) masu haɓaka launi (CRI = 80-95). Masana'antu na cikin gida suna samar da jerin fitilun DRI. Zangon daidai yake da na matsanancin sodium fitilu.

Karfe fitilun karfe

Duk da cewa tushe na fitilar ƙarfe na ƙarfe (dama) yayi kama da tushe na fitilar incandescent (hagu), yana buƙatar katange na musamman.

Bayanna

Maimakon kalma bayan kalma - menene kuma me yasa yake da amfani.

Idan kana bukatar yin wani abu cikin sauki cikin sauri, to sai a yi amfani da fitilun incandescent ko fitila mai cike da hasken wutar lantarki, wacce za a iya goge ta a kicin.

Yawancin tsire-tsire mai jituwa da yawa za'a iya haskaka su ta hanyoyi da yawa. Smallan ƙaramin tsire-tsire masu dozin kusan tsawon tsayi ɗaya (har zuwa rabin mita) suna da kyau a haskaka su da ƙananan fitila mai kyalli. Don tsirrai masu tsayi, yana yiwuwa a bayar da shawarar fitilun fitila tare da fitilu masu fitarwa tare da ikon har zuwa watts 100.

Idan tsirrai na kusan tsayi iri ɗaya suke akan shelves ko akan windowsill, yi amfani da fitilun fitilun ƙwallafa ko kuma mafi kyawun, fitilu masu ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Tabbatar amfani da masu tunani tare da fitilu masu kyalli - za su haɓaka ƙawancen mai amfani da hasken wutar lantarki.

Idan kuna da babban lambun hunturu, to sai ku sanya fitilun rufi tare da fitilu masu ƙarfin wuta (250 W da sama).

Yawancin fitilun da aka bayyana za'a iya siyan su a shagunan lantarki.

A ƙarshe, teburin yana nuna halayen kwatanta na fitilu da kuma tsarin tsirrai masu ba da wutar lantarki.