Hakanan ana kiran wannan shuka kamar malva (Malva) karamin kare, mallow, da kuma fure-fure. Yana da alaƙar kai tsaye ga malvaceae na iyali. Mafi sau da yawa, irin wannan tsire-tsire na herbaceous shine shekara-shekara, amma kuma yana iya zama biennial da perennial. Wannan halittar a yau ta hada kusan nau'ikan nau'ikan 30 da aka samo a cikin daji. Sun fi so su yi girma cikin yanayin zafi kuma a cikin daji, ana iya samun mallow a Arewacin Amurka, Turai, Arewacin Afirka da Asiya. Cigaban mallow ya fara ne a tsohuwar Girka da tsohuwar Egypt. Don haka, a cikin rubuce-rubucen Pineus Dattijon da Hippocrates, an samo bayanin abubuwan da aka warkar da wannan fure. A cikin karni na 20 na karni na 20, kwararru sun samo filastik kayan halittu a cikin wannan shuka, da ingancin abinci mai inganci. Masu zane-zane suna murna da zane da manyan furanni masu ruwan hoda, kuma mawaƙan sun so su cikin waƙoƙinsu.
Alamar Mallow
Mallow gandun daji shine mafi yawan wakilai na wannan asalin. Tsawon harbe-harbe na iya bambanta daga santimita 30 zuwa 120. Zasu iya zama ko dai kwance, madaidaiciya, ko hawa sama. A saman matasa mai tushe an rufe shi da gashi, wanda ƙarshe bace, kuma harbe zama bare. Petioles, 5-7-lobed ko fararen faranti na ganye suna da nau'i mai zagaye ko zuciya. Suna da petiole, kuma a farfajiya akwai pubescence. Tsarin furanni na furanni zai iya kaiwa santimita 12. Halin su yayi kama da babban kararrawa. A farfajiya na fure akwai launuka masu launin shuɗi-mai launin mallow. An sanya su a cikin sinus na ganye na furanni 1-5. Akwai nau'ikan yara tare da inflorescences tsere. Furanni na iya zama mai sauƙi ko ninki biyu, launinsu kuwa ya dogara da iri-iri kuma yana iya bambanta daga fari zuwa kusan baki. Abubuwan fure mai zurfi-elongated suna da siffar baya-baya. Dogo, rhizome mai tsayi, yana da kamannin fuskoki. 'Ya'yan itace' ya'yan itace ne mai haɓaka, ƙwayoyin suna ci gaba har zuwa shekaru 2-3. Ana lura da yawo daga farkon zuwa ƙarshen lokacin bazara. Mallow yana da tsayayya ga sanyi, fari, kuma yana da sauqi ka kula dashi.
Iri da nau'ikan mallow tare da hoto
A al'adance, wannan asalin ya haɗu da kusan nau'in tsire-tsire 60. Mallow daji, la'akari da magadan wannan dabi'ar, shekara-shekara ce. Perennials sune nau'ikan mallow, irin su: matasan, wrinkled, Sudan, da kuma musky. Koyaya, wasu daga cikin masu noman fure sun yarda cewa ba duk waɗannan nau'ikan ba ne wakilan ƙungiyar halittar malus. Don haka, suna cewa, yakamata a danganta shi ga wata hanyar daban ta dangin mallow. Duk da wasu bambance-bambance na waje, dole ne a kula da waɗannan tsire-tsire iri ɗaya.
Mallow shekara-shekara
Mallow daji (Malva sylvestris), wanda muke kira Kalachik, ƙa'idar shekara biyu ce, amma ana noma ta azaman shekara-shekara. Tsawon daji zai iya kaiwa mita 1.2, yayin da a kan furannin akwai alamun halayyar mallow, wadanda aka zana su a cikin inuwa mai duhu fiye da fure kanta. Mafi mashahuri shine irin wannan nau'in kamar mallow zebrina. Irin wannan tsire-tsire yana da furanni masu ruwan hoda masu haske na babban isasshen girma, waɗanda ke da jijiyoyin jini mai launin ja mai duhu. Babu ƙarancin shahararrun nau'ikan da yawa kamar "Black Mother of Pearl", a kan babba (diamita game da 7 santimita) furanni masu launin shuɗi mai duhu akwai launuka masu launin launi.
Mallow perennial
Musk Mallow (Malva saiti)
Hakanan ana kiranta nutmeg - tsawo na irin wannan shuka mai perenni bai wuce santimita ɗari ba. Diamita na fure mai ƙanshi shine 5 santimita, ana iya fentin su da ruwan hoda ko fari. Mafi mashahuri nau'ikan sune Pink Tower da White Tower, waɗanda suke da furanni masu ruwan hoda ko furanni masu dusar ƙanƙara, bi da bi, suna kan daji wanda ya kai tsayin mita 0.7. Ana ruwa a cikin wannan nau'in ya ci gaba har sai sanyi na farko.
Mallow Sudan
Hakanan ana kiran shi da sunan sudan da kuma hibiscus na Sabdariff - ana noma wannan biennial ne saboda 'ya'yan itaciya. Sun daɗe da kasancewa wani ɓangare na abubuwan sha da yawa kuma suna da kaddarorin warkarwa. Tsarin bishiyar Malva sabdariffa var. Mashahuri ne. Altissima, kazalika da nau'in tsirrai na Malva sabdariffa var. Sabdariffa.
Wrinkled mallow
Suna kuma kira da kara girma da kuma wrinkled alcea - irin wannan shuka ake kira mallow sharudda. A cikin daji, wannan tsiron mai tsinkaye zai iya kaiwa tsawo na santimita 200, diamita na furanni rawaya shine 3 santimita. A cikin lambun, tsoma-tsalle mallow ko ruwan hoda-stem mallow (Malva alcea) yana girma. Tsawon irin wannan tsiron tsiro bai wuce mita 0.9 ba. Akwai nau'ikan furanni tare da furanni biyu, masu sauƙi da na rabin-biyu, waɗanda suke iri daya a cikin bayyanar peonies. Misali, ire-iren 'Chater's Double ƙarfi' yana da manyan furanni waɗanda ke da mutuƙar launuka daban-daban, yayin da furanni masu sauƙin "Single Mixed" suna da alaƙa da hibiscus. Hakanan, nau'ikan irin waɗannan tsire-tsire ana bambanta su da girma. Misali, ire-iren "Foda na Abincin da aka Haɗu" na iya girma har zuwa santimita 200 a tsayi, yayin da kuma iri-iri kamar "Majorette Mixed" dwarf ne, gandun dajin sa ya kai santimita 75 kacal, amma yana da manyan furanni biyu.
Malva matasan (Malva hybrida)
Irin wannan tsararren shuka yana da harbe-harbe da yawa, yayin da tsayin daji zai iya kaiwa santimita 200. Ana iya fentin manyan furanni na fure masu launin shuɗi ko fari. Ana lura da yawo daga watan Yuni zuwa Satumba. Mafi mashahuri nau'ikan sune Chaters Double, Gibbortello, Powder Puffs.
Dole ne a tuna cewa waɗancan nau'ikan da ke cikin mallow gandun daji kusan duk ana ɗaukar tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara, yayin da sauran nau'in suna perennial. A lokaci guda, ana samun tsire-tsire na tsaka-tsakin a tsakanin lokutan al'ada, kuma a kowace shekara ana daga cikin abubuwan da aka saba yi.
Girma shekara-shekara da perennial mallow daga tsaba
Yadda ake girma mallow
A yayin da ba ku cikin sauri kuma za ku iya jira har zuwa shekara ta gaba har sai mallow ya fara yin fure, zaku iya shuka iri kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa bude a watan Mayu-Yuni. A wannan yanayin, kafin lokacin sanyi na farko ya fara, ganye ne kawai yake haifar a cikin furanni, yayin da furanni zai faru ne kawai shekara mai zuwa. Idan kana son ganin fure na mallow a wannan lokacin bazara, to sai a yi shuka iri domin shuki a watan Janairu ko Fabrairu. Hanyar seedling na haɓaka mallow shine yafi fifita ga zuriya, tunda yafi dacewa, koda kuna shuka biennials ko perennials. Shuka da tsaba na shekara da perennials daidai ne, amma ya kamata a dasa su a lokuta daban-daban. An shuka annuals a tsakiyar lokacin hunturu, ana dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa a buɗe a watan Mayu, kuma an fara fararen fure a tsakiyar bazara. Ana shuka biennials da perennials a watan Mayu, kuma ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa bude a cikin watan Agusta-Satumba kawai.
Mallow seedlings
Idan mallow tsaba ba sabo bane ko kuma an sayo su a wani shago na musamman, to lallai ne a shirya su kafin shuka. Don yin wannan, dole ne a nutsar da su cikin ruwa mai ruwa (kimanin digiri 45) don rabin rana. A sakamakon haka, kwasfa mai taushi yana laushi, kuma seedlingsan itacen sun bayyana da sauri. Germination na tsaba da wannan shuka ne kiyaye shekaru 3, kuma an lura cewa a cikin shekarar bara na ajiya, da yawan germination ne in mun gwada da mafi girma. Shuka waɗannan tsaba zai fi kyau a cikin tukwane na peat, gaskiyar ita ce, tushen tsarin waɗannan furanni yana da laushi kuma yawancin tsire-tsire ba sa ɗaukar tushe kuma ya mutu.
Matsakaicin zafin jiki don shuka iri yana daga digiri 18 zuwa 22, a wannan yanayin zaka ga farkon shuki bayan rabin wata. A cikin taron cewa an yi shuka shuka a cikin kwandon shara, lokacin da ƙananan ganye 3 na ainihi suka bayyana a kan tsire-tsire, zai zama tilas ga bakin ciki. Don haka, tsakanin 'ya'yan shuki, nisan ya kamata ya zama daidai da 2 zuwa 3 santimita. Idan so, wuce haddi seedlings iya zama a hankali nutse cikin tukwane na peat. Ya girma da kuma karfafa seedlings dole ne a taurare. Don yin wannan, ya kamata a canza shi zuwa titin don sa'o'i da yawa a rana. Daga Mayu zuwa Yuni, yana yiwuwa a dasa mallow a cikin ƙasa buɗe ba tare da cire shi daga tukwane na peat ba.
Dasa mallow a cikin ƙasa bude
Ƙasa mai dacewa
Don mallow, kuna buƙatar zaɓar yankin da aka kunna. A cikin inuwa m, shi ma zai yi girma, amma launinta ba zai cika zama haka ba, kuma harbe zai zama kaɗan. Ilasa ta fi kyau don zaɓar loamy, rijiya mai kyau, mai arziki a cikin humus. Don dasa shuki, kuna buƙatar zaɓar wani yanki da ke kan tudu, saboda idan narke ruwa ya ragu a cikin ƙasa, to, rot na iya bayyana akan tushen tsirrai. Zai fi kyau idan an samar da shafin tare da kariya daga iska na iska da daftarin aiki. Wadannan furanni ana bada shawara a dasa su kusa da shinge, wanda idan za'a iya haɗa dogayen mai tushe kai tsaye a kai. Idan ƙasa ba ta da wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki, to za a buƙaci taki. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar yayyafa yankin tare da wani yanki na ciyawa (humus).
Dokoki don saukowa a fili
Seedlings na shekara-shekara iri ya kamata a dasa a cikin ƙasa bude a tsakiyar May. Ya kamata a tuna cewa seedlings na perennial ko biennial iri dole ne a dasa a gonar kawai a watan Agusta ko Satumba. Shuka da tsaba na biennials da perennials za a iya yi kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa bude. Wannan ya kamata a yi a cikin bazara daga Afrilu zuwa Mayu, lokacin da sanyi ya wuce. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar yin ƙananan m (kusan santimita 3) ƙananan ramuka a cikin ƙasa kuma sanya tsaba 2 ko 3 a kowane ɗayan. Nisa tsakanin ramuka na iya bambanta daga 25 zuwa 50 santimita, kuma ya dogara da nau'in shuka. Ramin ya cika da ƙasa, ana ɗaukar ruwa mara nauyi kuma an shayar da shi da ruwa kaɗan. A yayin da ake tsammanin sanyi, ana buƙatar rufe gado tare da kayan rufewa, wanda a cikin hakan zaku iya kare ƙwayoyin daga daskarewa. Idan yanayi yayi dumi, to yan farkon seedlings zaku ga bayan makwanni biyu. Bayan bayyanar ganye na uku ko na huɗu, yana da buƙatar fitar da amfanin gona. Don haka, a cikin rami ya kamata ya kasance ɗayan ƙarfi seedling.
Siffofin aikin lambu
Yadda ake kulawa da mallow
Yana da sauqi qwarai ka girma mallow, tunda ba ya bambanta da yanayin haushi. Yakamata a shayar da shi a hankali, musamman idan lokacin bazara ya bushe sosai. Dole ne a kwance farfajiya na kasar gona a cikin wani yanayi mai kyau, kazalika da cire ciyawa da ciyawa masu fure. Kafin lokacin fara budurwa, masana sun ba da shawara ga takin tsire-tsire tare da takin ma'adinai, wanda ya ƙunshi babban adadin nitrogen. Tall iri suna buƙatar m garter, saboda mai tushe na iya rauni yayin taron iska mai ƙarfi. Don yin wannan, ana ba da shawarar dasa tsire-tsire a cikin kusancin shinge (amfani da shi azaman goyan baya), kuma zaku iya sanya babban fegi kusa da kowane daji kuma ku ɗaure mallow a ciki. A cikin taron cewa kuna son mallow na shekara-shekara ya girma kamar perennial, to, lokacin da ya fadada, yakamata a cire duk sanduna daga mai tushe. Yana da mahimmanci a sami lokaci don yin wannan kafin saita ƙwaya.
Karin kwari da cututtuka
A kan irin wannan furanni slugs iya shirya. Rushe su da taimakon tarkuna na musamman. Don yin wannan, a kan mãkirci tare da furanni, kuna buƙatar saka faranti da dama kuma ku cika su da giya. Bayan kimanin sa'o'i 24, kuna buƙatar bincika bayanan tarkon kuma cire duk motsi. Wannan inji yana da tsayayya da cuta, amma idan aka dasa shi kusa da shinge na ƙarfe, to mallow ɗin yana da ikon yin lalata da tsatsa. Don koyo game da kamuwa da cuta abu ne mai sauqi qwarai, don haka, a gefen ba daidai ba na faranti na ganye, zaku iya ganin bakin duhu. Ya kamata a datse ɗan itacen da ya kamu da cutar. A cikin lokuta masu saukin ganewa, kamuwa da cuta milkew zai yiwu. Don kawar da shi, yi amfani da wakilin fungicidal da ya dace ko kuma maganin maganin ɓarnar ɓarnar colloidal.
Kula bayan fure
A cikin kaka, bayan fure ya ƙare, dole ne a yanke harbe har zuwa matakin ƙasa. A lokaci guda, yana yiwuwa a wadatar da ƙasa da abinci mai gina jiki, domin wannan ya zama dole don cika farfajiyarta da wani ciyawa mai cike da ciyawa (takin da humus). Don haka, tsawon murabba'in murabba'in 1 zaka buƙaci kimanin kilogram na mulch 3-4. Don hunturu, irin wannan shuka ya kamata a rufe shi da ganye mai bushe, rassan spruce ko bambaro.
Warkar da kaddarorin mallow
Irin wannan shuka an dade ana amfani da ita a maganin mutane. Yana da kaddarorin warkarwa da yawa sanannun sanannun ga masu warkarwa daga kusurwoyi daban-daban na duniya. Misali, jiko da aka shirya daga ganye da furanni ya dade yana maganin ciwan kumburi a ciki, haka kuma ciwon ciki. Idan kayi tururi da ganye ko furanni na gandun daji mallow (mallow) kuma ƙara da wanka mai zafi, to, ɗaukar sa zata ba ka damar kawar da kumburin ciki da wuri-wuri. Mallow ciyawa wani ɓangare ne na kusan dukkanin tarin nono. Ana yin ado da furanni, wanda ake amfani dashi don damfara da lotions ga cututtukan fata daban-daban. Suna kawar da itching sosai, kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga saurin warkar da raunuka (wanda galibi saboda gamsai a cikin irin wannan shuka). Hakanan ana amfani da irin waɗannan furanni a cikin cosmetology na likita, tun da yake suna da ikon dawo da epidermis, kuma suna da sakamako mai hanawa daga rashes na pustular. Furanni ana yawan amfani dasu a girke-girke na mutane, saboda suna ƙunshe da ƙarin bitamin C, sugars da keratin fiye da na ganye. Kuma duk da haka duk irin waɗannan magungunan mutanan basu rasa maganin da zai haifar. Wannan tsire-tsire yana da taushi, rufe ido, maidowa, abubuwan jira, ramawa, da sakamako mai ƙonewa.
Ciyar shayi daga tari: zuba karamin cokali 2 na yankakken furanni ko ganye a cikin gilashi sai a cika shi da ruwa. Bari shi daga minti 10 sannan zuriya. A ranar daya kamata sha 2 ko 3 tabarau. Idan kana son kara zuma a cikin abin sha, to a wannan yanayin dole ka jira har sai jiko ya yi zafi fiye da digiri 40.
A watan Mayu, bikin Aoi Matsuri, wanda ake gudanarwa don girmama mallow, ana gudanar da shi a shekara a Kamigam, wanda ke haikalin Kyoto ne kuma kai tsaye a cikin gari. A lokaci guda, mutane suna sanye da riguna masu launuka kuma suna tafiya a titunan birni tare da waƙoƙi da raye-raye. Wannan biki ya tashi shekaru da yawa da suka wuce ...
