Mahonia

Dankin mahonia (Mahonia) yana wakilta daga tsirrai da bishiyoyi kuma yana cikin dangin barberry. Za a iya samun sihirin daji a yankuna na gabas da tsakiyar Asiya, da kuma Arewacin Amurka. Wannan asalin halittar an sanya masa suna ne bayan mai kula da lambun Amurkawa daga Ireland, Bernard McMahon, yana aiki ne da cewa a cikin gabashin Amurka ya kebanta tsire-tsire da ya kawo daga yammacin kasar. Ya kuma shahara da kasancewa farkon wanda ya kirkiro kalandar lambun Amurka. Wannan Halittar ya haɗu da kusan nau'ikan 50. Holly paddy wani nau'i ne na wannan dabi'ar, inda ya fito, ana kiranta "Oregon innabi". Irin wannan tsire-tsire mai ƙaunar inuwa yana da tsayayya sosai don sanyi da fari, da kuma rashin ƙasa zuwa ƙasa.

Siffofin daji mahonia

Magonia itace itaciya mai tsayi da ta kai kusan santimita ɗari. Ya na da tushe mai tushe. A kan tsohuwar mai tushe, haushi shine launin toka-launin toka, kuma akan saurayi, mai launin ruwan hoda-m. Takardun ganye wadanda ba a iya sanyawa a jikin faranti suna da haske a cikin shimfidar fuka-fukai wadanda suka kunshi 5-9 mai kaifi-kaifi, wadanda suka kai 15-25 a santimita kuma kazamin santimita 3-9. Irin waɗannan ƙananan ganye masu launin kore ne, masu launin fata, ƙasan gaban su mai kyau, kuma gefen da ba daidai ba shine matte. Multi-floured axillary racemose ko panicle-dimbin yawa inflorescences sun kunshi furanni masu haske na launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi (wani lokacin ana samun su da lemun tsami), diamita wanda zai iya kaiwa 0.8 cm. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna daɗaɗɗen fure, masu fenti a baki da shuɗi, a saman su akwai wani lokacin farin ciki mai santsi na farar fata, har da bindiga. A cikin tsayi, irin wannan berries ya kai 1 cm, kuma a fadin - 0.8 cm, suna da ɗanɗano mai daɗin ɗanɗano-ƙoshin gaske kuma ana amfani da su a masana'antar kayan ado, kuma suma suna ɗanɗano giya. Ana lura da ruwa a cikin watan Afrilu da Mayu, yayin da tumatir na tumatir ke faruwa a watan Satumba ko Agusta.

A ƙirar ƙasa, ana amfani da wannan tsiran don ƙirƙirar iyakoki, shinge mai ƙanƙanci, filayen rukuni, ana kuma dasa shi solo ko amfani dashi don dasa manyan bushes. A cikin hunturu, farantin ganye mai launin m yana canza launi zuwa launin kore tare da kyawawan launin ja. Hakanan, wannan ciyawar tana da ban sha'awa sosai a lokacin ripening na purple-blue berries, an rufe shi da wani laushi mai laushi.

Girma Magonia a filin fili

Wani lokaci don shuka

Shuka mahonia a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa ana yin shi a cikin bazara. A wannan yanayin, kafin farkon sanyi, shuka zai ɗauki tushe sosai kuma ya fara girma da ƙarfi. Koyaya, yawancin lambu sunyi nasarar shuka irin wannan shukar a lokacin bazara da damina. Ba sa saukar da saukowa kawai a ƙarshen kaka da hunturu.

Don saukowa, ya kamata ka zaɓi yanki mai amfani da hasken wuta wanda ke da tabbataccen kariya daga iska mai ƙarfi na iska. Hakanan, daji za a iya girma a cikin karamin inuwa, kawai a wannan yanayin babu shakka ba za a sami girbin girbi na berries ba. Lokacin zabar wani wuri don shuka, yakamata a la'akari dashi cewa haskoki kai tsaye na rana zasu iya cutar da fararen ganye na mahonia, don haka ya fi kyau cewa wurin da aka zaɓa ya kasance a cikin yadin yadudduka na itatuwan tsayi.

A ƙasa dole ne ya kasance sako-sako da, cikakken tare da na gina jiki da kuma da babban abun ciki na humus. Don cike rami na dasawa a lokacin dasa seedling, shirya cakuda mai kunshe da humus, sod ƙasar da yashi (2: 1: 1).

Siffar Saukowa

Dole ne a shirya ramin don saukowa rabin wata kafin ranar da aka sauko. Girman ramin saitin ya kamata ya zama 0.5x0.5x0.5 m. A cikin yanayin cewa ƙasa a cikin yankin da aka zaɓa akwai yumɓu masu nauyi, to ya kamata a ƙara zurfin ramin, tunda za a buƙaci ƙaramar magudanar a ƙasan ta. Bayan duk abin da aka shirya, cika ramin a ½ ɓangare tare da cakuda ƙasa, abun da aka bayyana a sama. Bayan kwanaki 14, lissafi da kuma shiga cikin wannan ƙasa ya kamata ya faru. Lokacin ƙirƙirar iyaka ko shinge tsakanin kwafin, ya kamata a lura da nisa na santimita ɗari. A cikin taron cewa kun ƙirƙira saukar da sako-sako da sako-sako, to nisan da ke tsakanin bushes ɗin ya zama daidai da mita biyu.

Kafin dasa shuki seedling, yi cikakken bincike na tushen tsarinsa, yayin cire bushe da tushen cututtukan, da rage tsayi da yawa. Sanya abin yanka ya kamata a yayyafa shi da baƙin gawayi. Lokacin da biyu da seedling da dasa rami suna shirye, zaku iya fara dasawa. Don yin wannan, dole ne a sanya tushen tushen a cikin rami, wanda aka rufe da gaurayawan ƙasa (an bayyana abin da ke sama). Lokacin dasawa, tabbatar cewa tushen wuyan shuka ya tashi sama da saman ƙasa. Duniya a kusa-da'irar da'irar ya kamata a daidaita yadda yakamata, kuma kuma tare da kewaye shi wajibi ne don yin abin hawa daga ƙasa mai tsawo na santimita-goma. Shuka mahogany yana buƙatar watering mai yawa, saboda haka, a ƙarƙashin kowane daji, lita 20 na ruwa ya kamata a zuba. Bayan ruwan ya kwashe cikakke cikin ƙasa, ya kamata a rufe farfajiyar akwati mai cike da ciyawa.

Kula da Magonia

Kula da mahonia bai banbanta sosai da kula da sauran tsintsayen lambun ba. Irin wannan shuka dole ne ya samar da tsari na zamani, kayan miya da suka dace, weeding da loosening na kasar gona. Wani lokaci da yamma zai yuwu a fesa rawanin shuka da ruwa. Ana yin tumbin farko ne bayan da daji ya kai shekara 10. Hakanan wajibi ne, kamar yadda ya cancanta, don magance mahonia daga kwari da cututtuka.

Yadda ake ruwa

Wannan inji mai tsirrai musamman yana bukatar yalwatacce ruwa a ƙuruciya. Bayan an shuka iri, ana shayar da shi sosai. Lokacin da kake shayar daji, kar ka manta da feshin ruwa da kambi. Ana shawarar yin ban ruwa da yamma, lokacin da ba za'a ƙara samun hasken rana ba. Samfuran manya na buƙatar shayarwa, a matsayin mai mulkin, kawai a cikin lokacin bushe, kuma ya kamata a yi wannan hanya sau biyu a mako, zuba 1 guga na ruwa a ƙarƙashin kowane daji. Idan yayi ruwa da tsari, to zai yuwu a shayar da tsirrai kwata-kwata. Dole ne a kwance saman da'irar akwati zuwa wani babban zurfin ranar bayan ban ruwa ko hazo.

Manyan miya

Topping sama da itacen ya kamata a yi sau biyu a kakar, wato, a farkon lokacin bazara da kuma a watan Mayu, kafin ya blooms. Suna ciyar da shuka tare da hadaddun ma'adinai, misali, Kemira-global or Nitroammofoskoy. Don mita 1 murabba'i, an dauki gram 100 na abinci mai gina jiki. A cikin kaka, za a rufe saman da'irar da'irar mahonia da santimita-centimita na ciyawa (humus ko takin). A cikin bazara, ya kamata ku tono ƙasa tare da ciyawa.

Juyawa

Ana iya dasa shukar wannan shuken a duk tsawon lokacin girma. Koyaya, yana da kyau kada kuyi wannan a ƙarshen kaka, tunda tare da fara sanyi na shuka zai iya mutu saboda gaskiyar cewa bai sarrafa yadda yakamata ba. Magonia tana jure da dasawar sosai, yayin da dole ne a aiwatar da wannan hanyar a kusan daidai da hanyar fara sauka.

Turawa

A farkon bazara, kafin buds kumbura, ya zama dole don aiwatar da tsabtace tsabta. Don yin wannan, yanke duk mai rauni, lalacewa ta hanyar cutar, kwari ko frosts, har da bushe da rassa masu ƙarfi. Don kuma ci gaba da girma da kwalliyar bushes, dole ne a yanke su bayan sun lalace ko a cikin faduwa. A wannan yanayin, tuna cewa kwancen furannin fure yana faruwa akan harbe na bara, saboda haka ya kamata a taqaitasu ba than part ½. Idan shuka ya riga ya tsufa sosai, to idan ana so, zaku iya yin rigakafin tsufa, wanda inji ya haƙura sosai.

Ana shirin hunturu

Tun da wannan shuka ne perennial, dole ne a shirya don hunturu. Idan mahonia ya girma a cikin tsakiyar latitude ko a cikin Ukraine, to zai iya yin hunturu ba tare da tsari ba. A cikin taron cewa ana tsammanin hunturu mai sanyi tare da kusan babu dusar ƙanƙara, yana da kyau a rufe bushes tare da rassan spruce. Idan inji har yanzu saurayi, to, gogaggen lambu bayar da shawarar, tabbatar da rufe shi da spruce rassan don hunturu.

Yaduwar mahonia

Magonia za a iya yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba, yanke da layering.

Yadda ake girma daga zuriya

Ana shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa a buɗe a cikin kaka nan da nan bayan an girbe, yayin da suke buƙatar binne su a cikin ƙasa ba tare da wuce 20 mm ba. Hakanan za'a iya shuka shuka a cikin bazara, amma a wannan yanayin, ana buƙatar ɗaukar tsaba a cikin watanni 4 a zazzabi na digiri 0-5. 'Yan seedlingsan shekarun da suka fito da sauri suna buƙatar cikakken kariya daga hasken rana kai tsaye. A cikin kaka, ana yin thinning ko seedlings akan kwantena. Bayan wani shekara na 1-1.5, ana iya dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe har zuwa wani wuri na dindindin. Kada ku manta 2 ko 3 na hunturu na farko don rufe tsire-tsire matasa tare da rassan spruce kuma jefa su tare da dusar ƙanƙara. Irin wannan ɗan itacen da aka shuka ta hanyar samari zaiyi kawai yana da shekaru huɗu.

Yankan

Ana girbe girbi a farkon farkon bazara kafin kumburin kodan. Ka tuna cewa kowane abin rike yakamata ya sami kodan 6. Yankunan suna buƙatar nutsarwa cikin kwandon ruwa da aka sanya a cikin lambu, yayin da ½ daga cikinsu ya kamata ya kasance cikin ruwa. Bayan kimanin makonni 8, Tushen da ke girma a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren kara zai girma asalinsu. Bayan Tushen ya kai santimita 7 a tsayi, dole ne a dasa tsiron a cikin ƙasa a buɗe kuma a rufe shi da kwalban filastik a saman wanda aka yanke wuyansa da farko. Bayan makonni 1.5, kwalayen an bar su kawai na dare, kuma ana cire su don rana, wannan zai ba da damar a hankali tsire-tsire zuwa sabon yanayin.

Yadda ake yaduwar Layering

A cikin bazara, kuna buƙatar zaɓar harbi mai ƙarfi. Yana lanƙwasa zuwa saman ƙasa, ya dace da tsintsiyar da aka shirya kuma an daidaita shi a wannan matsayin. A wannan yanayin, saman tushe ya kamata ya kasance sama da ƙasa. Sannan tsagi ya zama ya cika duniya. Lokacin da aka dasa ciyawar a bazara, kar ka manta game da saka ƙasa. Tushen da aka dasa za a iya yanke shi daga daji na mahaifar kuma a watsa shi zuwa wani sabon wuri mai ɗorewa ne kawai lokacin bazara mai zuwa.

Karin kwari da cututtuka

Magonia yana da matukar juriya ga cututtuka da kwari. Koyaya, a wasu halayen, irin wannan bishiyar ta shafi cututtukan fungal kamar tsatsa, ƙwayar mayya, da tabo (stagonosporosis da phyllosticosis).

Don kawar da milkew powdery, dole ne a kula da ciyawar da ta shafa sau ɗaya a kowane kwana na 10-12 tare da maganin kashe ƙwaro, misali, Topsin-M, Fundazol, Karatan, da dai sauransu.

Don warkar da tsatsa daga mahogany, ya kamata a fesa shi da murikan fata kamar: Abiga-Peak, Oksikhom, Tsineb, Bayleton, da dai sauransu.

Idan manyan aibobi na launin ruwan kasa sun bayyana akan faranti na shuka, to wannan yana nufin cewa cutar ta shafi phylosticosis. Pycnids sun bayyana a gaban irin waɗannan aibobi. A lokacin kakar, irin wannan naman gwari yana iya ba da ƙarni da yawa. Bushes da aka shafa suna rasa kamanninsu na ban mamaki, farantin ganye na su ya mutu kafin lokacin kwantawa, fure ya zama raguwa kuma yawan rage kiwo sosai.

Idan m-mai siffofi masu siffofi da duhu iyaka suna tare da gefen faranti na ganye, wannan yana nuna kamuwa da cuta na daji tare da stagonosporosis. A gaban gaban tabon ya bayyana zagaye kewaye da pycnidia. Kwayar da ta kamu da cutar ta fara rasa bayyananninta, sannan kuma ta mutu gaba daya.

Don kawar da tabo, ya zama dole a cikin bazara don tattarawa da ƙona duk ɗanyen da ke overwintered. Sannan ana kula da shukokin tare da Kaptan, Oksikhom ko Ftalan. Dole ne a yi wannan kafin ruwan ya fara aiki.

Shuka mahonia a cikin gari

Yin noma mahonia a cikin latitude na tsakiyar yakamata ya zama iri ɗaya ne kamar a yankuna tare da yanayin ƙasa mai tsauri. Wannan ciyayin yana da juriya mai sanyi sosai, sabili da haka ba ya tsoron mai sanyi mai sanyi. Amma a lokaci guda, ya kamata a tuna cewa matasa bushes don hunturu dole ne a rufe rassan spruce kuma jefa su da dusar ƙanƙara, don samun ba babban dusar kankara ba.

Iri da nau'ikan Mahonia tare da hotuna da sunaye

Mahonia sarfara (Mahonia repens)

Wurin haifuwa na wannan nau'in shine Arewacin Amurka, a yanzu ba a san shi sosai da yan lambu ba. Irin wannan ɗan itacen yana kama da kamannin fitowar magonia. Dajin da yake tsayi kusan bai wuce rabin mita ba. Abunnunnun fararen ganye sun haɗa da ganyayyaki 3 zuwa 7 wadanda ba masu iya zagaye-fure ba launin shuɗi, sun kasance fata ne kuma suna da kaifi mai yatsa. Inflorescences na launin rawaya-lemo suna bayyana a tsakiyar watan Mayu, sannan kuma a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Satumba. Bishiyar Berry tana ƙare a tsakiyar watan Agusta. Wannan nau'in yana da tsayin daka na hunturu idan aka kwatanta da magonia mai tonon silili, amma kamanninsa ba irinsu bane. Akwai fasali na ado 2:

1. Rotundifolia. Abun da yadudduka na farantin karfe ya hada da ganyen 5 na nau'in zagaye.
2. Manyan -a fruan itace.

Jafanawa (mahonia japonica)

An samo shi a cikin yanayi a Japan, Amurka, China da Turai. Ana lura da ruwa daga kwanakin ƙarshe na Disamba har zuwa farkon bazara. A tsayi, irin wannan babban daji na iya kaiwa santimita 200. Yana da sifofi na dabam da na musamman. Fushinta na kai tsaye yana fitowa ta fuskoki daban-daban. Yana fure tare da launin rawaya tsere inflorescences, daga abin da ƙanshi na Lily na kwari fito.

Magonia Raga Sun (Mahonia x media Raga

An samo wannan tsiro na tsiro ne sakamakon tsabtace hanyar Lomarial da Mahonia Jafananci. Tsawon daji kusan mita 2 ne. A cikin tsakiyar latitude, ana samar da irin wannan matasan ne a cikin gidajen kore, tunda ana lura da furanni a cikin hunturu.

Magonia Fremontii

Wannan nau'in ya fito ne daga gabar tekun yamma na Amurka mai tsayi zai iya kaiwa mita 3. A launi daga cikin inflorescences ne mai haske rawaya, da kuma berries ne m-ja. Yayinda shuka yake ƙarami, ruwan ganye yana da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi; a cikin balagaggu, suna da shuɗi, kuma a tsohuwar, suna da launin toka-toka.

Mahonia brack Soft Kankara (Mahonia eurybracteata Soft Caress)

Wannan tsire-tsire na kasar Sin mai ban sha'awa yana da fararen kayan farin ganye. Yawanci, ana amfani da ganga don shuka irin wannan iri-iri.

Magonia Newubert (Mahonia neubertii)

Irin wannan ciyawar mai tsakiyar-kullun itace ce, wacce aka samo ta ne sakamakon ƙetare shinge na barbashi da pamonia tabonia. Irin wannan tsire-tsire mai ɗanɗano yana da bayyananniyar rawar gani. Tsawon daji bai wuce santimita dari ba. Filayen ganye na-uwa-mace suna kama da ganyayyaki na ganyayyaki. Babu ƙaya akan mai tushe.

A cikin irin nau'in gama gari kamar magonia holly akwai nau'ikan da ke tafe:

1. Gyada. A cikin wannan shgigi, faranti ganye da ke kan ja petioles sun haɗa da ganye 7, waɗanda suke da ɗan ƙanƙani da ƙanana da manyan nau'in halittu.
2. M. Fuskokin ganye na wannan iri-iri sun fi tsayi idan aka kwatanta su da manyan nau'in.
3. Zinare. A launi na ganye ne rawaya mai launin shuɗi.
4. Motley. Faranti masu launin launuka masu launuka iri-iri.

Mafi mashahuri sune nau'ikan waɗannan holonia magonia:

1. Apollo. An samo nau'o'in iri a cikin 1973 a Holland. Tsawon daji tare da karamin kambi na iya bambanta daga 0.6 zuwa 1 mita.Tsawon faranti ganye yakai santimita 30, sun haɗu daga ganye zuwa 5 zuwa 7 tare da kaifi mai kaifi. A lokacin rani, ana fentin kore, kuma a watan Agusta suna fitowa da tagulla. M furanni suna cike da rawaya. A saman baƙar fata da ruwan hoda masu launin shuɗi akwai ruwan shafa mai.
2. Atropurpurea. An kuma samo irin wannan nau'in a Holland. Tsawon daji da diamita na kambi sune 0.6 m .. Launi na faranti mai launin ƙarare kore ne mai duhu, tsawon sa sun kai santimita 25. Launin furanni masu kamshi yana da rawaya. 'Ya'yan itacen furanni baki ne da shuɗi.

Kaddarorin mahonia - cutarwa da fa'ida

Amfana

'Ya'yan itãcen mahonia sun ƙunshi yawancin ascorbic acid, wanda ke taimakawa ƙarfafa tsarin na rigakafi. Idan kawai ku ci waɗannan 'ya'yan itatuwa, zaku iya ƙarfafa ganuwar tasoshin jini, haɓaka fitar jini da haɓaka wurare dabam dabam na jini. Hakanan a cikin tanning akwai tannins, heterotypic alkaloids da Organic acid.

Berberine shima yana cikin 'ya'yan itace, wanda ke taimakawa kare martabar kasusuwa kuma yana taimakawa jiki ya murmure a cikin dan kankanin lokaci bayan wani lokaci da ake amfani da hasken rana da kuma magunguna masu guba. Masana kimiyya daga Ostiraliya sun gano cewa berberine yana da ikon ƙara yawan aikin insulin, sabili da haka sun fara amfani da shi yayin lura da nau'ikan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta.

Cire daga tushen wannan tsirrai yana motsa aikin choleretic na jiki, don haka ana amfani dashi don gastritis, hepatocholecystitis, hepatitis, kumburi da katangar ƙwayar biliary da giardiasis. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don kawar da edema, yayin kulawa da cututtukan fata, eczema da herpes, kuma ana amfani dashi don daidaita aikin narkewa tare da dawo da microflora na hanji. Hakanan, hood yana da tasirin ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta.

A cikin cortex na magonia na rami akwai wasu abubuwa da ake amfani da su wajen maganin psoriasis.

Contraindications

Ba za a iya amfani da ma'ana daga mahonia ba a lokacin daukar ciki da kuma lactation, har ma ga mutanen da ke da haƙurin juna ga wannan shuka. Hakanan, baza ku iya amfani da irin waɗannan magunguna ba ga mutanen da ke fama da ciwon hanji na hanji, tare da ƙoshin ciki da haɓakar acid na ruwan ciki. Yin amfani da irin wannan magungunan a cikin mutane na iya haifar da gudawa da tashin zuciya, a wannan batun, kafin cin 'ya'yan itacen mahonia ko amfani da samfuran da aka shirya akan sa, koyaushe dole ne a nemi shawara tare da ƙwararren ƙwararre.