Guatemala da Mexico suna dauke wurin haifan waɗannan kyawawan furanni. A cikin Tsohon Duniya, dahlias ya bayyana a karni na XVIII, inda suka fara samun nasarar aiwatar da dasa shuki da kulawa a cikin filin budewa. Furanni nan da nan sun ba da sunaye biyu - Dahlia da Dahlia. Itace ta karɓi sunan ta na farko don girmamawa ga shahararren masanin ilimin botanist daga Sweden - A. Dahl, na biyu kuma - masanin kimiyya daga St. Petersburg - I. G. Georgi.
Iri-fure iri-iri
Dahlia fure ne mai kwalliya. Baya ga nau'ikan nau'ikan, yana da launuka iri-iri. Zuwa yau, masana kimiyya suna da kusan nau'ikan 30 da kusan nau'ikan 15% na Dahlia.
Masanan kimiyya na Botany sun raba fure cikin kungiyoyi kamar haka:
- Mai sauki.
- Kawancen.
- Kwala.
- Siffar-siffa.
- Kayan ado.
- Mai karafa.
- Kwayoyin cuta.
- Cactus (allura).
- Semi-cactus.
- Nymphaeous.
- Cakuda - wasu nau'ikan da ba a haɗa cikin rukunin da suka gabata ba.
M, launuka masu kyau masu launuka daban-daban (fari, burgundy, Scarlet, ruwan hoda, cream da sauran su da yawa) sune adon lambunan mu na bazara.
Mafarkin masu shayarwa shine shuhura mai launin shuɗi. Koyaya, kokarin Botanists har yanzu baiyi nasarar ci nasara ba.
Koyaya, waɗannan furanni masu laushi ba sa yin haƙuri da masu bushewar Rasha, don haka waɗanda suke son su ji daɗin kyawawan furanninsu mai haske duk lokacin bazara ya kamata su shuka tubers a shekara. Don haka, a cikin Yankin Moscow, ana iya dasa dahlias a cikin ƙasa a cikin tsakiyar Mayu. Amma a mahaifarsa - a Latin Amurka - wannan kyakkyawan fure mai ban mamaki shine perenni.
Dasa Dahlias a buɗe ƙasa
Mafi dacewa kuma mafi inganci hanyar yin girma dahlias shine dasa shuki da kulawa a cikin ƙasa buɗe.
Shirya ƙasa
Ana girbe ƙasa don furanni a gaba. Shirya ƙasa don dasa shuki dahlia kafin sanyi hunturu. A cikin kaka, an haƙa ƙasa kuma an gabatar da takin a ciki - ko dai takin ko humus, waɗanda aka haɗu da ƙasa a cikin nauyin 4 kilogram 1 a 1 m2.
A cikin bazara, an sake wadatar da ƙasa, tare da cakuda takin da ash, wanda ke warwatse ko'ina cikin gadon filawa. Don haka dole ne a kwance ƙasa da rake. Hakanan za'a iya ƙara taki zuwa rijiyoyin da aka shirya don dasa.
Dahlias ana shuka su ne a cikin bazara a cikin ƙasa tare da tsarin kwance. Don haɓaka ƙarfinsa da takaddar sa zai taimaka tsakuwa, yashi kogi, gurɓataccen mai. Irin wannan magudanar zata kare amfanin gona daga yawan danshi, wanda yake haifar da lalata da kuma lalata.
Dahlia da sauri ta lalata ƙasa, saboda haka bai kamata a dasa su a wuri guda ba tsawon shekaru biyu a jere.
Yana da kyawawa cewa ƙasa amsawa dan kadan acidic ne ko tsaka tsaki. Ana saka lemun tsami a cikin ƙasa mai acidified, ɗan peat zuwa alkaline.
Tuber shiri
Tubers na dahlias sunyi nufin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa - buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Tare da farko na Afrilu, ya kamata a canja tushen tubers daga cellar zuwa greenhouse, kuma ya kamata a cire wuraren da ke lalata. Kwance a cikin kwalaye, rufe rabin tare da sabo turfy ƙasa, peat, yashi, sawdust. Tushen tushe ana barin sa a buɗe. Lokaci-lokaci ruwa da substrate. Bayan kamar kwanaki goma, idanu zasu bayyana. Cire tushen tubers daga ƙasa, girgiza, sa a kan wuya surface.
Dole sai a sake shafawa da bakin bakin wuka tare da maganin maganin manganese ko a sanya shi a cikin wuta. Tare da yanki na tsaye, raba kara zuwa sassa hudu (bariki). Kowane delenka yakamata ya sami tushen tumatir da dama kuma aƙalla guda ɗaya na sabuntawa, in ba haka ba bazai iya yin tsiro ba. Yarinyar an yayyafa shi da karyayyen carbon da aka kunna. Riƙe tubers a cikin gidan kore har sai sun ɗauki tushe.
Kimanin kwanaki 30 kafin saukarwa, an cire kayan dasawa daga ajiya. Ana tsabtace tubers na lalacewar nama, yayyafa sare tare da carbon da ke kunne. Kuna iya kula da al'adun tare da foundationazole, ko riƙe tsawon mintuna 17 - 18 a cikin raunin maganin manganese. Furtherari, ana sanya tubers ɗin da aka sarrafa a cikin ƙananan kwantena tare da cakuda ƙasa da yashi.
Da farko, ana adana kwantena a cikin wani wuri mai dumi, mai inuwa, yana ɗaukar matsakaici matsakaici. Lokacin da sprouts suka kai tsawo sama da 2 cm, ana canza su zuwa wuri mai haske. Watering da sprouts ne da wuya dole, shi ne kawai shawara don sanyaya ƙasa. An dasa su a farkon shekaru goma na Mayu. Babu buƙatar rufewa.
Yaushe yafi kyau shuka dahlias a bude ƙasa a bazara? Lokacin dasa ya danganta da yanayin yankin. Don tsakiyar Rasha, wannan shine shekaru goma na uku na Mayu. Don yankuna na kudu - Afrilu. Don arewa - farkon bazara.
Shuka dahlias a cikin ƙasa a Siberiya da kula da su ya kamata a aiwatar da su a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Yuni.
Shirya shafin
Wannan al'ada tana ƙaunar zafi, saboda haka yana da mahimmanci a zabi wurin da ya dace. Ya kamata a shimfidar gadon furen a wani yanki na rana wanda ba'a shirya ba.
Wasu nau'ikan suna da kara mai kyau sosai, wanda zai rabu da sauƙi daga iska mai ƙarfi. Irin waɗannan nau'in suna buƙatar tallafi - duwatsun da aka yi da itace, tsayin mita 1.5-2. A bu mai kyau a sanya su gaba.
Matsayi mai kyau: kusa da bango, a gefen kudu na ginin. An ba da shawarar dasa furanni kusa da gungun bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi a cikin yankin da aka wadatar. Koyaya, bishiyoyi kusa da furanni kada su bayar da inuwa mai yawa, tunda dahlias suna matukar son haske. Waɗannan furanni masu ƙaunar 'yanci ba su dace da matattara mai dimbin yawa ba.
Da farko, shafin ya sa leve, bayan an shirya rijiyoyin. An dasa tumbi a cikin ƙasa buɗe, sannan an rufe su da wani yanki na ƙasa don santimita da yawa. Ya kamata a samar da tubers tare da isasshen rana da hasken ruwa.
Akwai kuma wata hanyar yaduwar wannan al'ada - yan itace. Amma wannan aiki ne mai matukar wahala da daukar nauyi. Kuma idan kuna damuwa da waɗannan ayyukan, to, zaku iya shuka tsiro na shekara-shekara daga tsaba, wannan:
- ColtnessHybrids;
- Redskin;
- Rigoletto;
- Figaro.
Ana shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa a cikin tsakiyar Mayu, kuma Bloom ta tsakiyar watan Agusta. Don samun farkon fure, an shuka iri.
Tarin da ajiya na tushen tubers
Dahlias dasa a cikin ƙasa bude a cikin fall kuma bukatar kulawa. Kafin sanyi, yakamata a baza daji sannan a cire ganyen da ke kasan tushe. An bada shawarar kada rush don tono da tubers! Lokacin da ɓangaren ƙasa ya mutu, to, an yanke shi, an bar filayen a ƙasa. A cikin makonni biyu, bawo nasu zai daɗaɗɗun tsari da kayan sitaci. Kuma amma bayan na farko frosts (kafin farko da manyan frosts) ya kamata a hake tushen sama da kuma rinsed. Ana yin wannan da safe, saboda haka da rana sukan bushe a sararin sama.
An adana kayan dasa a cikin cellar, a cikin akwati tare da cakuda, wanda ya haɗa da ƙasa, vermiculite, yashi, sawdust, peat. Mafi kyawun yanayin dakin shine 60-70%.
A keɓe ajiya lokaci-lokaci.
A watan Janairu, ya zama dole a sake yin nazari a kan tubers don raba manyan. Idan an samo wuraren da abin ya shafa, yana da mahimmanci don cire su, kuma ya kamata a kula da wuraren yanke tare da kyakkyawan bayani na ganye na ganye (zaka iya sa mai tare da carbon da aka kunna mai ƙarfi).
Kwayoyi masu haɗari
Babban makiyan shuka sune:
- aphids;
- tarkace;
- irin ƙwaro fure;
- matafila
- kunne;
- da sauransu
Don magance slugs, an yayyafa ƙasa da irondehyde. Daga aphids - tsoma harbe a cikin maganin sabulu ko fesa su da chloroethanol 0.2%. Lokaci mai zafi yana fifita ci gaban gizo-gizo, wanda ke shafar ɓangaren ganyayyaki. Sun juya launin rawaya, ya bushe ya mutu. Al’adun marassa lafiya suna ban ruwa da celtan (0.2%). A kan kwari, ana amfani da kayan ado na celandine da wormwood.
An bada shawara don dasa marigolds kusa dahlias - yawancin kwari ba su yi haƙuri da kamshin su ba.
Don haka, an bambanta Dahlias mai girma ta fuskoki da launuka iri-iri, dogayen fure mai tsayi. Ƙarƙashin batun shawarwarin da ke sama, zaka iya shuka waɗannan kyawawan furannin chic a cikin lambun ka na sirri.
