Greenhouse mold matakan matakan

Greenhouse - filin da aka rufe da ƙasa wanda ke cikin yanayi na musamman. Ba kamar ƙasar da aka buɗe gidan wuta ba, ana hana ta yiwuwar warkarwa ta kai. Dukkanin hanyoyin kwayoyin halitta suna wucewa cikin sauri, korau mara kwari da kwari sun tara su sosai. Saurin lalata ƙasa domin tabbatar da yanayi mai kyau don haɓaka samfuran da ake buƙata koyaushe suna buƙatar cikewa tare da abubuwan gina jiki da danshi, isasshen haske da zafin jiki na iska da ƙasa. Canje-canje a cikin yanayin zafi a haɗe tare da yawan zafin jiki yana ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar haɓaka da ke shafar tsirrai masu rai, kazalika da lalata kowane ginin katako na gandunan tsire-tsire ko hotbeds, wanda ke da illa ga lafiyar ɗan adam.

Menene m fungi?

A cikin tsarin shuka, ana ba da fungi cikin masarautar daban a cikin dabbobin daji. Gaba ɗaya, akwai sama da nau'ikan kwayoyin halittar fungal sama da 250, waɗanda aka haɗasu bisa ga halayen halitta cikin rukuni da umarni. A cikin rarrabuwa ta zamani na duniya, kayan fungi (Fungi bissoidei) an kasafta su a cikin tsari na 6 kuma an wakilce su da yawa ta hanyar unicellular, ƙarancin ƙwayoyin multicellular marasa galihu. Ana kiran su micromycetes saboda girman microscopic na wakilan mutum ɗaya.

Yawancin lokaci mold yana girma a cikin manyan yankuna, bayyanar wanda shine wakilci ta hanyar samar da mycelium ba tare da manyan jikoki ba. Mafi yawan fungi suna zama na wajabta ko kuma parasites facultites (watau parasites waɗanda zasu iya rayuwa a cikin zangon rundunar ko a kansu). Motsi na Moram suna iya rayuwa cikin sarari, permafrost, a cikin yanayin karuwar radiation. Wasu nau'in kawai ke mutuwa lokacin da aka fallasa su aƙalla 3 hours a yanayin zafi sama da + 100 ° C.

Yankunan rarraba Motoci

Motsi fungi zai iya rayuwa ya kuma zama cikin ruwa ko ƙasa. Yankunan da suka mallaka suna da faɗi a wurare masu ɗumi da danshi tare da isasshen abinci mai gina jiki. Irin wannan yanayin don kyandir shine ƙurar ƙasa. Ingancin substrate ya ƙayyade lafiyar tsire-tsire, wanda ya dogara da ingancin qualityan girma seedlings. Canji a cikin sigogi masu inganci na ƙasan ƙasa na korau mara kyau da ke tasiri ci gaba da haɓakar seedlings. Babban bayyana nasarar shan kashi na kwalayen kwalayen shinkafa ya fara da bayyanar a kan kasar gona mai lamuran fata, wanda yake wani sinadari ne na cutarwa.

Sanadin mold a cikin greenhouse

Lationetare dokokin fasahar aikin gona lokacin shuka iri da shuki a cikin ƙasa mai kariya, wanda ke haifar da haɓakar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta ta microflora.

An rarraba daskararren ƙarfe a cikin ɗakuna masu datti Sabili da haka, dole ne a tsabtace da gidan gona da tsare tare da magungunan antifungal (wanka, fararen fata, fenti, da sauransu).

Yanayin yaduwar Mota

Kwayoyin cuta na microscopic suna iya jurewa da sauƙin iska kuma suna iya barci tsawon shekaru goma ko fiye. A karkashin yanayin da ya dace, haɓaka mai saurin girma da haihuwa yana farawa ne ta hanyar ɗaukar tsirrai masu rai tare da kyallen takarda mai laushi (seedlings na kayan lambu, tumatir, cucumbers, da sauransu).

Mafi kyawun yanayi don yaduwar cututtukan fungal sune:

• zafi na cikin gida sama da 95%,
• zafin jiki na cikin gida + 20 ... + 22 ° С,
• rashin samun iska, rashin iska mai kyau,
• increasedarin ƙasa danshi tare da tururuwa na ruwa a tsarin tushen bayan ban ruwa, saboda ban ruwa mara kyau, yalwar ruwa a wuraren lalacewar tirsar ban ruwa,
• karancin hasken wuta (yanayin girgije ba tare da an sake yada shi ba, isasshen adadin hasken ultraviolet da ke shiga cikin matattakakken lamuran).

Matakan rigakafi da ikon sarrafawa a cikin shinge

Mosa yana da alaƙa da biocorrosion da bazuwar ciyayi. Sabili da haka, mold yana ƙaruwa da ƙarfi sosai a cikin kaka. Koyaya, amfani da kwayoyi guda ɗaya ba zai haifar da tasiri ba a cikin yaƙi da ƙwayar fun. Don ƙirƙirar yanayi mafi kyau duka don girma da haɓaka tsirrai, a cikin ƙasa mai kariya ana buƙatar tsarin matakan matakan.

A cikin kaka, bayan girbi, dole ne a fitar da takin / kabeji a cikin shiri don lokacin bazara mai zuwa na tsiro na shuka da kayan lambu a cikin hanyar da ba ta shuka ba. Kuna iya lalata ƙwayar shinkafa da ƙasa a hanyoyi da yawa.

Ofayan ingantattun hanyoyin kashe ƙira shine bi da dakin tare da toshewar “FAS”.

Idan an samo mold a cikin greenhouse a cikin shekarar da ta gabata, to, a cikin bazara yana da mahimmanci don maimaita maganin tsabtacewa na ɗakin tare da mafita na potassiumganganate tare da ƙari da adhesives (za'a iya amfani da sabulu).

A lokacin girma na seedlings da amfanin gona, gudanar da saka idanu akai-akai game da iska da ƙasa.

Rike tsarin ban ruwa a cikin yanayin aiki mai kyau. Guji shigar ruwa. Lokacin da ƙafafun baƙar fata ya bayyana a cikin seedlings (ɗayan alamomi na hana ruwa), yayyafa ƙasa a ƙarƙashin seedlings tare da yashi bushe. Sanya iska mai kyau sosai (ba tare da daftarin aiki ba).

Yumfa ba ta yarda da yanayin alkaline ba, saboda haka ƙasa mai ƙasa a ƙarƙashin dukkan tsire-tsire sau 2-3 a kakar tare da tazara na makonni 3-4 ya kamata ya kasance ƙura tare da cakuda ash da gawayi (1: 1), ƙasa cikin gari.

Lokacin da mold ya bayyana a kan ƙasa (musamman compused), za a iya bi da ƙasa tare da peat, wanda aka wakilta ta bushe briquettes na babban peat. Torfoline ya ƙunshi polymer na roba wanda ke aiki azaman yin burodi a cikin ƙasa kuma, lokacin da aka narke, yana ƙaruwa da yawa sau da yawa. Don magance acidity na ƙasa, ana gudanar da aikin magani tare da maganin jan ƙarfe na peatoline, ana ƙara takin mai na ruwa mai narkewa.

Don hana lalacewar tsire-tsire ta cututtukan fungal (blackleg, fusarium za, tushen da tushen rot, da dai sauransu), ana kula da tsire-tsire tare da biofungicides 8-10 kwana bayan germination, ta amfani da phytosporin-M, foundationazole, Alirin-B, Gamair-SP, Planriz bisa ga shawarwari -G. Ana iya amfani da iri ɗaya daga cikin biofungicides don tillage ƙarƙashin tsire-tsire. Kulawa tare da samfuran halitta (ƙasa da tsiro) ana maimaita su bayan kwanaki 15-20, sai dai in an baiyane cikin shawarar.

Lokacin girma seedlings a gida, yana da kyau a yi amfani da ƙasa na musamman, musamman ga masu farawa a cikin aikin lambu. Irin wannan ƙasa ana keɓance ta musamman daga cututtuka da kwari da takin ƙasa tare da buƙatun aikin gona.

Shuka bishiyoyi da shuki a cikin gidan shuki da yanayin gida na buƙatar taka tsantsan da ayyukan gona. In ba haka ba, matakan kariya na amfani ba za su sami tasirin da ake so ba.

Ka tuna - kamshi bashi da lahani ga lafiyar ɗan adam. A cikin daki mai kamuwa da ƙira, mutum zai iya samun mashako, ƙwanƙwashin hanji, rhinitis rashin lafiyan, kafofin watsa labarai na otitis. Zaunawa a cikin huhu, ƙwayoyin murfin suna haifar da cututtukan huhu, har zuwa ciwan ƙwalƙwalwa na oncological. Kada kuyi amfani da abinci, gami da kayan marmari da fruitsa fruitsan, injina ya shafa.